Identifikasi morfometri dan pola ruang taman setra di Kecamatan Kuta Utara, Kabupaten Badung, Provinsi Bali

Bali island has three types of garden. One of garden’s types that exist in Bali is setra. Setra garden in Bali had been used for spiritual ceremonies like Ngaben. There were more than 1500 setra gardens that had not been yet identified in Bali. Therefore, identifying, collecting data, and mapping of setras garden were needed in analyzing the setras. Setras garden in which located in North Kuta sub-district was chosen in this research because there was not any database yet which was related to the setras especially for its space pattern and morphometry. This research aimed to identify the morphometry, space pattern, factors that affecting space pattern, and utilization of the setras in North Kuta sub-district. The research method used was survey method. This research used descriptive qualitative, and quantitative analisys. In the results, this research found that Kerobokan traditional village had the highest percentage number of setra garden which was 38,1%. Setra Tuka was located in the higest elevation (122,34 msal), while the 80% of setras was in the flat topography. The average area of setras garden in North Kuta was about 0,12 Ha. Direction of centre, and southeast was the most setras position (19%). The whole setras garden in North Kuta applied Tri Mandala concept as its space pattern and all of its space pattern was affected by tradition factor. For setras additional utilization, Caru and Ngereh have the highest percentage, while Ngelungah and Ngelangkir is more attractive activity for tourism.

Novel Technologies for Processing Mushrooms and its Marketing Strategies

Mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) a noticeable umbrella-shaped fruiting body of certain fungi which grow vigorously. Mushrooms are highly enriched in protein, vitamins and marco-nutrients. Mushrooms are proven to have anti-allergic, anti-cholesterol, anti-tumor and anti-cancer qualities. The most desirable property of freeze-dried mushrooms such as the nutritional content and quality are maintained. The products shelf life is increased by using freeze drier from 12 days to 90 days. The mushroom cultivation is a viable and attractive activity and it does not require access to land and low investment too. The present study focused on analyzing the mushroom preservation techniques and producer's market potential by captivating consumer’s awareness. Self administered required to collect the primary data from consumers. SWOT analysis is used at the end to generate information and hypothesis testing is used for mathematical reasoning.

PRESENTATION OF NATURAL SCIENCE ACTIVITIES "WINDOW TO NATURE"

At all times, the primary teacher has faced various challenges and goals. Each generation brings new expectations and challenges. And this generation, like no other, seeks to know the world around us with all the senses. The contemporary teacher develops students' ability to think critically and creatively, solves theoretical and practical problems, sees a close relationship between nature and man and the world around, takes personal responsibility for the preservation of the environment, protects the health of theirs and others. Therefore, we are increasingly talking about the importance of getting out of class, crossing school boundaries, seeing what surrounds us, discovering opportunities to learn from nature in nature, finding innovative solutions to make learning a truly exciting, attractive activity for every modern child. It is important for the digital world indigenous to learn to be in nature, to watch animals, plants, natural phenomena, to know values, to learn to behave responsibly with nature, to see how much and interesting activities in it can be discovered, and how much there is to know, experience, feel, experiment, study and analyse. We invite you to familiarize yourself with a few of our activities that have evolved and matured from the great desire to "interest and surprise students with science education every day". Many of kindergartens and schools in Vilnius are interested in our activities. We are pleased to show you what has been achieved in pre-school and primary school students, prospective teachers. About our school-class butterflies and snails, the wonders of the planetarium, created by the visitors themselves, were filmed and told by the Positive Diary and TV show "Our Animals." Keywords: critical thinking, achatina fulica, caligo memnon, practical activities, primary school methodology, responsibility in nature, positive education.

Integrated Metabolomics and Morphogenesis Reveal Volatile Signaling of the Nematode-Trapping FungusArthrobotrys oligospora

ABSTRACTThe adjustment of metabolic patterns is fundamental to fungal biology and plays vital roles in adaptation to diverse ecological challenges. Nematode-trapping fungi can switch their lifestyle from saprophytic to pathogenic by developing specific trapping devices induced by nematodes to infect their prey as a response to nutrient depletion in nature. However, the chemical identity of the specific fungal metabolites used during the switch remains poorly understood. We hypothesized that these important signal molecules might be volatile in nature. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to carry out comparative analysis of fungal metabolomics during the saprophytic and pathogenic lifestyles of the model speciesArthrobotrys oligospora. Two media commonly used in research on this species, cornmeal agar (CMA) and potato dextrose agar (PDA), were chosen for use in this study. The fungus produced a small group of volatile furanone and pyrone metabolites that were associated with the switch from the saprophytic to the pathogenic stage.A. oligosporafungi grown on CMA tended to produce more traps and employ attractive furanones to improve the utilization of traps, while fungi grown on PDA developed fewer traps and used nematode-toxic furanone metabolites to compensate for insufficient traps. Another volatile pyrone metabolite, maltol, was identified as a morphological regulator for enhancing trap formation. Deletion of the geneAOL_s00079g496inA. oligosporaled to increased amounts of the furanone attractant (2-fold) in mutants and enhanced the attractive activity (1.5-fold) of the fungus, while it resulted in decreased trap formation. This investigation provides new insights regarding the comprehensive tactics of fungal adaptation to environmental stress, integrating both morphological and metabolomic mechanisms.IMPORTANCENematode-trapping fungi are a unique group of soil-living fungi that can switch from the saprophytic to the pathogenic lifestyle once they come into contact with nematodes as a response to nutrient depletion. In this study, we investigated the metabolic response during the switch and the key types of metabolites involved in the interaction between fungi and nematodes. Our findings indicate thatA. oligosporadevelops multiple and flexible metabolic tactics corresponding to different morphological responses to nematodes.A. oligosporacan use similar volatile furanone and pyrone metabolites with different ecological functions to help capture nematodes in the fungal switch from the saprophytic to the pathogenic lifestyle. Furthermore, studies withA. oligosporamutants with increased furanone and pyrone metabolites confirmed the results. This investigation reveals the importance of volatile signaling in the comprehensive tactics used by nematode-trapping fungi, integrating both morphological and metabolomic mechanisms.

Preparation of BiPO4-Polyaniline Hybrid and its Enhanced Photocatalytic Performance

Recently, BiPO4has been proved to be an efficient photocatalyst which exhibits more attractive activity than that of TiO2-P25 under UV irradiation. However, photocatalytic oxidation-reduction ability of BiPO4under visible light still needs to be improved. Conjugated polymer just like polyaniline was demonstrated to be a new and efficient visible co-photocatalyst in the field of pollutant governance. As far as we know, the attempt to enhance the photochemical ability of BiPO4by employing polyaniline as a co-photocatalyst is still very limited. Hence, in order to testify the potential enhanced performance of such heterostructure, BiPO4-polyaniline heterostructure was prepared via hydrothermal method and hybridization in this paper. The experimental results indicated that several typical pollutants such as organic dyes and heavy metal ions can be effectively removed by BiPO4-polyaniline under visible light. The enhanced removal mechanism was attributed to the high separation efficiency of photo-induced electron–hole pairs and more efficient absorption of visible light after the loading of polyaniline on the surface of BiPO4as an out-layer compared with single BiPO4.

Categorization of Museum Visitors as Part of System for Personalized Museum Tour

In the past few years, the process of lifelong learning has become more important. A tour of an educational exhibition is an interesting and attractive activity for a person receiving an education. A museum, art gallery, zoological or botanical garden or even a technological park can all be perceived as an educational exhibition. If we want the exhibition tour to provide an educational benefit to the visitor, we need to offer him adequate information about individual exhibits. The exhibition has to be personalized, that is, tailored for the various kinds of visitors. This paper deals with the issue of categorizing museum visitors using ICT, specifically an expert system which is a part of a “virtual guide”. Based on an initial analysis of a visitor, the virtual guide proposes a tour through the exhibition so that it brings the visitor the maximum educational benefit while at the same time offers information about the displayed exhibits in such a way that is most interesting and comprehensible.

Some quality parameters of land snail meat - Helix pomatia

Considering the tradition in our regions to collect land snails (Helix pomatia) for export, which is "disrupted" by social control resulting in limited possibilities to develop this attractive activity, there is a great interest lately for land snail breeding and fattening at farms. For this reason it is necessary to investigate systematically the possibilities to develop this activity in a longer period and in larger areas. The first investigations, although covering only nutritive and health safety aspects of the edible parts yielded the results presented in this work. Chemical composition, the content of some elements and organochlorine insecticides were followed as unavoidable in human living and environment.