THE WAY RAREM RESERVOIR’S EFFICACY IN SUPPLYING THE IRRIGATION AREA: A SIMULATION ANALYSIS

This research intends to evaluate the Way Rarem reservoir operation’s efficacy in supplying its irrigation area. The methodology uses simulation analysis based on various dependable discharges. Three conditions of dependable discharge are applied, with probabilities of 80%, 50%, and 35%. The Way Rarem reservoir is located in North Lampung Regency, Lampung Province, Indonesia. For the operation of the Way Rarem reservoir, in 1984, it was planned for reservoir to serve an area of 22,000 ha to meet its water requirement, where the capacity of the carrier channel had a discharge of 22.22 m3/s. As of 2015, an irrigation area of 15,081 ha was served; moreover, the reservoir was ready to serve 17,612.75 ha in 2017 using a dependable discharge of 50%. The watershed area of Way Rarem is 328 km2; the normal storage capacity is 59.90 million m3 with a water level of 54.00 mm, while the minimum water level is 46.00 m for irrigation water taking. In this study, the simulation is carried out using the existing conditions, and the crop intensity reaches 146.25%. After conducting the assessment of the reservoir operation pattern, the crop intensity reaches 177.25%, and the reservoir water that is not used and the overflow through the spillway is about 175.94 million m3. This result can be used as a reference for further research as an optimization model.

Charging device for wearable electromagnetic energy-harvesting textiles

The study aims to develop charging devices for wearable electromagnetic energy harvesting textiles (WEHT). Electromagnetic energy through human movement can be easily and naturally generated and is not significantly affected by environmental factors, however, the electric current generated by the electromagnetic method of human movement is difficult to efficiently charge. Three charging circuits for use with wearable electromagnetic energy-harvesting textiles were developed. The three types of charging circuits developed are rectifier, voltage doubler, and voltage quadrupler circuits. The performances of the developed circuits were evaluated in comparison with a normal storage circuit, in which the generated energy is stored immediately. The results show that storage energy was generated from the WEHT in all the developed circuits, and the charging efficiency improved as the simulated walking frequency increased. Energy generated from wearable electromagnetic energy harvesting textiles has the highest storage efficiency when charged with a rectifier circuit. The rectifying circuit method showed a charging rate twice that of a normal storage circuit. The charging speed of the rectifier circuit was faster to reach 3.7 V, the nominal maximum barrier voltage of the single-cell lithium-ion batteries used in portable devices, than the normal charging circuit. In the voltage multiplier circuit, the voltage drop generated in the circuit was large, so the charging efficiency was not superior to the normal circuit or rectifier circuit. In conclusion, it is most effective to use a rectifier circuit for charging portable electronic devices using the energy harvested by wearable electromagnetic energy harvesting textiles.

A Method for Detecting Abnormal Changes in the Temperature Field of Grain Bulk Based on HSV Features of Cloud Maps

HighlightsAbnormal grain temperature changes were detected by calculating the similarity of HSV features in cloud maps.The F-measures were higher for the improved method than for methods based on HSV and LBP feature similarity.The improved method can detect abnormal heating of grain due to mold activity or spoilage and the fluctuation in grain temperature caused by aeration.The temperature field of the grain bulk in adjacent time periods has high similarity during normal storage.Abstract. Analyses of grain temperature data are time-consuming and labor-intensive, and thorough analyses are difficult to perform. This article proposes an improved method based on the hue, saturation, and value (HSV) color feature similarity of temperature field cloud maps to detect abnormal changes in grain temperature. Historical grain temperature data are preprocessed to generate temperature field cloud maps. The improved method based on HSV feature similarity is used to calculate the similarity of temperature field cloud maps for two successive days during normal storage, and a similarity threshold is set. Five types of grain bulk temperature anomalies are then simulated. Additionally, a comparative experiment is carried out that considers traditional methods based on HSV feature similarity and local binary pattern (LBP) feature similarity. The results show that the average recall rates of the F-measures of the improved method, the traditional method based on HSV feature similarity, and the method based on LBP feature similarity are 96.2%, 89.3%, and 95.4%, respectively, and the processing speeds are 340, 300, and 690 ms per group, respectively. Finally, an abnormal grain temperature experiment is carried out. The experimental results show that the improved method can detect sudden changes in the temperature field due to mold activity or spoilage and the fluctuations in grain temperature caused by aeration. Keywords: Grain storage, HSV feature, LBP feature, Similarity, Temperature.

The Influence of Freezing Temperature Storage on the Mechanical Durability of Commercial Pellets from Biomass

The interest in pellets utilization for households heating has been growing significantly in the last several years. However, the pellets need to meet certain quality requirements, including the mechanical durability (DU) index. In the winter seasons, the pellets are very often stored in unheated in-door systems or are transported by trucks over long distances. As a result, the pellets are exposed to external weather factors, including very low temperatures (even freezing ones), which can have a negative impact on the quality parameters of the fuel. There are several parameters affecting mechanical durability, but little is known about the influence of a very low temperature on the pellet properties. The aim of this research was to analyze the influence of freezing temperature storage on the mechanical durability of commercial pellets made of different biomass. The research was carried out in accordance with the international standard for solid biofuels PN-EN ISO 17831-1:2016-02. The samples were investigated under three different conditions: after normal storage conditions (20 °C), after frozen storage conditions (−28 °C) and after the defrosting of the pellets. The results revealed that the freezing process and subsequent defrosting of the pellets only causes a small drop in their mechanical durability in comparison to the normal storage conditions. The highest mechanical durability was established for digestate pellet and pine sawdust pellet, at 99.0 ± 0.1% and 98.7 ± 0.1% respectively (p < 0.05). The greatest change of mechanical durability was observed after the defrosting process of pellets, which in the initial stage and at the normal storage temperature were characterized by low mechanical durability. The pellets made of sunflower husk (DU = 87.4%) and coal/straw blend (DU = 96.2%) were distinguished by the highest change in their mechanical durability (ΔDU = 1.7%, p < 0.05). Based on the obtained results, it was concluded that the storage of pellets at freezing temperature does not significantly affect their mechanical durability. However, if the mechanical durability decreases, this result is related to pellets with low initial mechanical durability.

Accelerated Degradation Model of Nonlinear Wiener Process Based on Fixed Time Index

In the process of extrapolating a lifetime distribution function under normal storage conditions through nonlinear accelerated degradation data, time indexes under the normal storage conditions are usually set to the mean value of time indexes under various accelerated stresses. However, minor differences in time indexes may lead to great changes in the assessment results. For such a problem, an accelerated degradation model of a nonlinear Wiener process based on a fixed time index is established first and meanwhile, the impact of the measurement error is considered. Then, the probability density function is normalized, and multiple unknown parameters are estimated by using fminsearch function in MATLAB and multiple iterations. Finally, the model is validated by accelerated degradation test data of accelerometers and the O-type rubber sealing rings. The results show that there is a difference of 30,710 h for accelerometers between the mean time to failure under normal storage conditions obtained by the proposed method and the mean time to failure when the time indexes are the mean value of those under various accelerated stresses, and the main cause of the difference is compared and analyzed. A similar phenomenon is observed in the case study of O-type rubber sealing rings.

Assessment of shallow groundwater on the bank of the ISTN lake through lakebank filtration based on aquifer properties, pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), and microbiological analysis

A lakebank filtration assessment was carried out on the shallow groundwater surrounding the ISTN lake to evaluate of the shallow groundwater resources in the area. The objective of this research is to describe the shallow groundwater characteristics based on aquifer properties, pH, TDS and microbiological analysis. This research was conducted by making boreholes and observation holes at the bank of the ISTN area for 3 points in a single line perpendicular to the Lakebank together with 3 points in a single line perpendicular to the canalbank for doing the experiments and taking samples for pH, TDS, and microbiology analysis. Based on aquifer properties using boring and pumping test results, the aquifer layer with a thikness around 4 m show the normal storage coefficients between 0.00026 and 0.0316. From the pH, TDS, and microbiological analysis for sampling taken from boring 2.1, 2.2., and 2.3 with the distance around 10, 20, 30 m from the lake boundary were found in range of fresh water with zero patogent microbial population but the pH of some samples was lower than the pH of drinking water requirement in which that should be improved by using simple treatment before consumption.

The Effect of Different Bags on Chlorophyll and Carotenoids in the Peel of Chinhuang Mango

The effect of different fruit bags on the content of chlorophyll and carotenoids in the fruit peel of Chinhuang mango during normal storage and after-ripening process was studied. The results showed that the content of chlorophyll and carotenoid in the bag was significantly lower than that of the control fruit. The skin color of the white paper bag fruit and the no bagged bag fruit was green during the green ripening process, while the outer yellow inner black paper bag fruit showed a yellow green halo. When ripe, the control fruit is yellowish green and orange red. The white paper bag fruit is greenish orange yellow, and the outside yellow inside black composite paper bag fruit is golden yellow.