scholarly journals Modernity imperatives impact on the Russian coal industry enterprises institutional environment

2021 ◽  
Vol 315 ◽  
pp. 04018
Author(s):  
Valeriy Bobrikov ◽  
Nikita Ravochkin ◽  
Elena Sedelnikova ◽  
Rinat Gilyazov ◽  
Ammar Jamous
Keyword(s):  
Institutional Environment ◽  
Mutual Influence ◽  
Informal Institutions ◽  
Coal Industry ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Innovative Development ◽  
New Combinations ◽  
Formal And Informal Institutions ◽  
Technological Paradigms

In recent years, there has been an increase in the influence of the imperatives of the modern world on the institutional environment of the national economy, which not only creates qualitatively new combinations of challenges, but also contributes to the emergence of multiple institutional gaps. The Russian coal industry is a representative example of an asymmetric institutional environment based on different technological paradigms. In the article, the authors analyze the inconsistencies of the institutional environment of the Russian coal industry with the requirements of the modern world and propose ways to overcome the revealed institutional gaps. The phenomenon of institutions is considered and their significance for the economic sphere is determined. The main institutions of the market economy are presented. The influence of the imperatives of our time on the institutional breaks of the coal industry is indicated. The importance of improving the quality of the institutional environment has been substantiated. The state of the institutional environment of the Russian coal industry is critically analyzed. The directions of corrections of the identified problem areas are proposed for the purpose of innovative development of the domestic coal industry. The mutual influence of formal and informal institutions was clarified. The importance of the innovative development of the Russian coal industry in conjunction with investments in human capital is determined. Finally, the main results of the study are summarized.

scholarly journals Institutional System of Human Development and Institutional Environment: Relationship Features

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 ◽  
pp. 06049
Author(s):  
Olena Stryzhak
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Institutional Environment ◽  
Informal Institutions ◽  
Multilevel System ◽  
Formal And Informal Institutions ◽  
Institutional System ◽  
The Relationship

The article considers the features of human development in the context of the concept of sustainable development. The need to study the institutional system of human development as regulated multilevel system of interconnected formal and informal institutions is justified. The relationship between the level of human development and the quality of the institutional environment is determined using the methods of correlation analysis. Analyse covers 214 countries and territories for 2017. The results of the correlation analysis show that there is a strong direct interconnection between HDI and WGI. The correlation ranges from significant to very strong one. This gives grounds for conclusion that there is influence of the quality of institutional environment on the level of human development.

scholarly journals Informal Payments by Patients in Central and Eastern Europe during the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Institutional Perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (20) ◽  
pp. 10914
Author(s):  
Adrian V. Horodnic ◽  
Colin C. Williams ◽  
Răzvan Ionuț Drugă ◽  
Cristian Incaltarau
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Central And Eastern Europe ◽  
Institutional Environment ◽  
Quality Of Healthcare ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Informal Institutions ◽  
Public Healthcare ◽  
Institutional Perspective ◽  
Informal Payments ◽  
Formal And Informal Institutions

Confronted with a global pandemic, public healthcare systems are under pressure, making access to healthcare services difficult for patients. This provides fertile ground for using illegal practices such as informal payments to gain access. This paper aims to evaluate the use of informal payments by patients during the COVID-19 pandemic and the institutions that affect the prevalence of this practice. Various measurements of formal and informal institutions are here investigated, namely the acceptability of corruption, the level of trust, transparency, and performance of the healthcare system. To do so, a logistic regression of 10,859 interviews with patients conducted across 11 Central and Eastern Europe countries in October–December 2020 is employed. The finding is that there are large disparities between countries in the prevalence of informal payments, and that the practice is more likely to occur where there are poorer formal and informal institutions, namely higher acceptability of corruption, lower trust in authorities, lower perceived transparency in handling the COVID-19 pandemic, difficult access to, and poor quality of, healthcare services, and higher mortality rates due to the COVID-19 pandemic. These findings suggest that policy measures for tackling informal payments need to address the current state of the institutional environment.

scholarly journals Infrastructure Support for the Development of Small Businesses

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 6430-6433
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Small Businesses ◽  
Institutional Environment ◽  
Informal Institutions ◽  
Economic Mechanism ◽  
Institutional Approach ◽  
Institutional Infrastructure ◽  
Formal And Informal Institutions ◽  
Institutional Actors ◽  
The Impact

For the purpose of sustainable development of small businesses, it is necessary to pay special attention to the formation of infrastructure for small businesses. This study uses an institutional approach which involves assessing the impact of formal and informal institutions on the development of small businesses. The author introduces the concept of the “frontier” institution as an institution, the operation of which is governed by the prescriptions of laws and established regulations, but the performance of certain functions is based on informal rules. This allows such an institution to more effectively perform the functions of a formal institution and makes it more capable and competitive in the market in a specific period of time. Furthermore, the study identifies the concepts of the institutional environment and institutional infrastructure. The author defines the institutional environment as a set of rules of conduct and institutional infrastructure as a set of institutions that form the rules of conduct and have an impact on small businesses. The impact is understood as the formation by institutional actors of rules of conduct that have incentive and disincentive effects on small businesses. This makes it possible to identify the causes of positive or negative deviations in the development of small businesses and to develop solutions aimed at solving the problems encountered. The article studies the organizational and economic mechanism that reflects the functioning of formal and informal institutions through which institutional infrastructure influences small businesses in order to achieve their goals.

scholarly journals CERTIFICATION OF AGRARIAN ENTERPRISES-PRODUCERS OF ORGANIC PRODUCTS IN ORDER TO ENTER EUROPEAN MARKETS

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 209-216
Author(s):  
Larisa Marmul ◽  
Elena Krukovskaya
Keyword(s):  
Institutional Environment ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Synthesis Method ◽  
Institutional Support ◽  
Informal Institutions ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
The State ◽  
Development Environment ◽  
Organic Products ◽  
Formal And Informal Institutions

The objective of the article is to consider the actual issues of institutional support for the development of agrarian enterprises producing organic products in Ukraine, as well as the definition of formal and informal institutions for the regulation of organic products market. Methodology. While the study, the following methods were used: analytical method – to identify the basic rules and procedures for the development of organic production and the structuring of its institutional environment; synthesis method – to assess the state of development of institutes and infrastructure of the industry; abstracting and logical modelling of the system of interconnections and regulating and stimulating influences of environmental elements on the development of organic production. Results. The article deals with topical issues of institutional support for the development of agrarian enterprises producing organic products in Ukraine. There were established formal and informal institutions for regulating the organic products market. The features of placement and specialization of agrarian enterprises for the production of organic products are revealed. Certain institutions of certification of production and products are described as separate institutions. The further prospects of development of agrarian enterprises producing organic products on the basis of improvement of institutional regulation and certification are substantiated. Practical importance. The results of the study can be taken into account and used for the development of state and industry programs for the development of organic production. Scientific novelty. The systematic vision of the development environment of organic production in Ukraine is substantiated, which, in contrast to the existing views, is interpreted as an interconnected and interdependent set of elements regulated by managerial influences of the state and industry levels.

scholarly journals Exploring the Relationship between Formal and Informal Institutions, Social Capital, and Entrepreneurial Activity in Developing and Developed Countries

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 550 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Escandon-Barbosa ◽  
David Urbano-Pulido ◽  
Andrea Hurtado-Ayala
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Institutional Environment ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Informal Institutions ◽  
Social Capital Theory ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
Access To Credit ◽  
Formal And Informal Institutions ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activities ◽  
The Relationship

Most research on entrepreneurial activities and institutions focuses on identifying certain relationships between formal and informal institutions and entrepreneurship across economies. In this study, we advance entrepreneurship research by examining how social capital as a characteristic of the institutional environment affects the relationship between formal and informal institutions and entrepreneurial activities, differentially, in developing and developed economies. Supporting institutional theory and social capital theory, the results from our sample of 39 countries from 2001 to 2014, which contains over 30,000 identified individuals, indicate that social capital has a stronger influence in the relations between institutions and entrepreneurship. In developing countries, this influence is greater in the relationship between property rights, access to credit, subjective insecurity, and entrepreneurial activity. In developed countries, the greater effect of social capital is on the relationship between corruption and entrepreneurial activity.

scholarly journals Innovative development of the foreign economic activity of the enterprise

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Olesia Solodovnik ◽  
Oleksandr Zhemoyda ◽  
Anna Soroka ◽  
Solomiia Matsola ◽  
Iryna Tytarchuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Mutual Influence ◽  
Visual Representation ◽  
Economic Situation ◽  
Innovative Development ◽  
Modern System ◽  
The Creation

Very interesting and relevant in today's economic situation is the study of the mutual influence of two essential factors promoting economic development, such as innovation and foreign economic activity, so the study is devoted to developing recommendations for improving the innovative development of the foreign economic activity. The authors investigated the interpretation of the essence of the concept of "foreign economic activity" by different researchers, features of foreign economic activity of enterprises, the main features of the modern system of foreign economic activity and analysed innovations as a factor contributing to foreign economic activity. The study allowed to develop recommendations for improving the innovative development of foreign economic activity of the enterprise, namely the creation of a department of foreign economic activity of the enterprise, which includes a visual representation and structure, as well as a detailed description of the main criteria. The authors proposed a method for determining the quality of planned work of the department of foreign economic activity and an algorithm for selecting areas of innovative development.

EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE ON THE INFLUENCE OF THE INSTITUTIONAL ENVIRONMENT ON VENTURE INNOVATION PERFORMANCE IN SOUTH AFRICA

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (02) ◽  
pp. 1650011 ◽  
Author(s):  
BORIS URBAN
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Institutional Environment ◽  
Informal Institutions ◽  
Innovation Performance ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Institutional Conditions ◽  
Formal And Informal Institutions ◽  
Ict Industry ◽  
Country Specific

Researchers argue there is a strong case to be made that entrepreneurship is itself a consequence of the adoption and development of institutions that encourage entrepreneurial behavior. Previous research on institutions classified the formal and informal institutions that affect entrepreneurs into regulatory, normative and cognitive categories. This study builds in this direction by investigating how perceptions of these institutional profiles may influence venture innovation performance. Following a survey of ventures in the ICT industry, hypotheses are tested using regression analysis. The results reveal that regulatory and normative institutional dimensions explain a modest, yet significant, amount of variance in venture innovation performance. The results also have important policy implications, where the institutional framework in South Africa could be enhanced by developing a country-specific mix of entrepreneur-friendly regulations and normative institutional conditions.

Can trust become a factor of economic growth? Dynamic changes in the level of trust of Russian youth

2020 ◽  
pp. 92-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. I. Bakhtigaraeva ◽  
A. A. Stavinskaya
Keyword(s):  
Institutional Environment ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Dynamic Changes ◽  
Generalized Trust ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
The Future ◽  
Analysis Of Dynamics

The article considers the role of trust in the economy, the mechanisms of its accumulation and the possibility of using it as one of the growth factors in the future. The advantages and disadvantages of measuring the level of generalized trust using two alternative questions — about trusting people in general and trusting strangers — are analyzed. The results of the analysis of dynamics of the level of generalized trust among Russian youth, obtained within the study of the Institute for National Projects in 10 regions of Russia, are presented. It is shown that there are no significant changes in trust in people in general during the study at university. At the same time, the level of trust in strangers falls, which can negatively affect the level of trust in the country as a whole, and as a result have negative effects on the development of the economy in the future. Possible causes of the observed trends and the role of universities are discussed. Also the question about the connection between the level of education and generalized trust in countries with different quality of the institutional environment is raised.

Destructive of deviation and economic deprivation of innovative development of enterprises of Ukraine: displays and possibilities of leveling

2018 ◽  
pp. 57-72
Author(s):  
Irina Tkachenko ◽  
Maryna Lysytsia ◽  
Viktoria Sektymenko
Keyword(s):  
Modern World ◽  
Economic Systems ◽  
Innovative Development ◽  
Economic Deprivation ◽  
Investment Activity ◽  
National Economic ◽  
Innovative Products ◽  
Economic State ◽  
Innovative Potential ◽  
State Of Affairs

Strategy of successful development of the national economic systems of countries-leaders the last years is closely related to leadership in research-anddevelopments, by appearance of new knowledge, development of hi-tech production and creation of mass innovative products. Development of innovative potential is not only a way of dynamic development and success but also backer-up of safety and sovereignty of country, to her competitiveness in the modern world. The necessity of introduction in Ukraine of європейських standards of life and exit of Ukraine on leading positions in the world defined the aim of Strategy of steady development «Ukraine 2020» approved by Decree of President of Ukraine № 5/2015 from January, 12, 2015 and plans of operating under implementation of Agreement about an association from ЕС, by the obligations of Ukraine in relation to the achievement of national Aims of steady development on a period 2030 to The basic displays of origin of economic deprivation and destructive deviation of innovative development of enterprises, lighted up questions that touch maintenance and ways of improvement of strategic management of enterprises innovative activity in the system of institutional structure of forming of innovative behavior, are certain in the article. Reformation of economy of country must take place in the conditions of maintenance of certain calls and risks, in particular, it is a threat of escalation of the battle operating on east, authenticity of worsening of the external economic state of affairs on world commodity markets, migratory processes, braking, destructive deviation and депривація of investment activity. A human capital, and also knowledge and results of scientific researches, must become basis of the Ukrainian innovative competitiveness.

SPECIFIC FEATURES OF ALTERNATIVE COMMUNICATION WITH CHILDREN WITH SENSORY DISORDERS AND MULTIPLE DISABILITIES

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 1027-1030
Author(s):  
Gergana Todorova - Markova
Keyword(s):  
Sign Language ◽  
Mutual Influence ◽  
Multiple Disabilities ◽  
Educational Needs ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Special Educational Needs ◽  
Alternative Communication ◽  
Sensory Disorders ◽  
Communication Situations

The article is focused on the communication with children with special educational needs. The main topic is alternative communication with children with sensory disorders and multiple disabilities. It explores the phenomenon of communication, citing current definitions developed by a number of authors, which place the emphasis on different aspects of this complex and multilayered process, with a special focus on alternative communication with the groups of special needs children mentioned in the title.The issue is investigated from a special pedagogical and from a social perspective.The author is especially interested in the exploration of the multiple strata of communication (the universal, functional and specific levels). Apart from the different forms, contents, methods and means of communication (the last of which is most commonly discussed in Bulgaria), the article is focused primarily on the important methodological issues related to this topic.One of these basic questions of methodology is the attempt not to place at the center of this process its bi-directional nature, its algorithm or code (sign language, Braille writing system, etc.), but instead to focus on the personalities of those involved in the interaction, their initiative, relationship and goals manifested in different communication situations (mutual influence, emancipation and therapy). Particular emphasis is given to therapy, i.e. the way of influencing the communication behavior of children with sensory disorders and multiple disabilities. It is not viewed as a unilateral process (stimulus-response), but as an interactive one, based on mutual influence. The relationship between the communicators is of utmost significance.Communication is characterized by a number of specific features. Those can mostly be found in the specificity of the communication situations (for example the interactive situations in the following pairs of communicators: deaf – hard of hearing; deaf – deaf; deaf-blind – deaf, etc.), in the presence of an intermediary (for example a sign language interpreter) and above all in the personalities of the communicators. They change the quality of communication. It is for this reason, and not just because of the different means of communication, that this interaction is defined as “alternative”, or more precisely, it is an alternative to the communication of children without disabilities.Based on the analyzed information, the author formulates a number of inferences and recommendations. The main conclusion is the following:When discussing alternative communication with children with special educational needs, the focus should shift from the specific means of communication towards the equally socially important quality of the complex process of communication, which is centered on the personality of the handicapped child.

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