Evaluation and Formulation of the Methanol Extract and Oil of Nigella Sativa Linn into Suppositories with Potentials in the Management of Vaginal Candidiasis

2020 ◽  
Vol 07 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adeola Tawakalitu Kola-Mustapha ◽  
Felicia Abisola Bamigboye ◽  
Haishat Yetunde Olufadi-Ahmed ◽  
Hameedat Taiye Ayotunde ◽  
Yusuf Oluwagbenga Ghazali
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Cocoa Butter ◽  
Nigella Sativa ◽  
Vaginal Candidiasis ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Shea Butter ◽  
Antifungal Activities ◽  
Zones Of Inhibition ◽  
Agar Well Diffusion Method ◽  
Commercial Oil

Background: A focus on the need to continue to develop alternative treatment protocols, especially from natural sources like plants to circumvent the antimicrobial resistance experienced with synthetic products has become imperative. Objective: This research focused on the evaluation of the antifungal activities of Nigella sativa; and the formulation of a vaginal suppository in a bid to provide therapeutic solutions to vaginal candidiasis. Methods: Antifungal activities of the methanol extracts of seeds and commercial oil from Nigella sativa were examined by the agar well diffusion method against ten clinical isolates of Candida albicans and one reference standard Candida albicans ATCC 3147. Clotrimazole was used as a positive control. Vaginal suppositories were formulated with 20% of the alcohol extract and commercial oil using cocoa butter and shea butter as bases. The suppositories were assessed for their physicochemical and in-vitro dissolution properties. Agar well diffusion method was used to examine the antifungal activities of the Nigella sativa suppositories. Results: The zones of inhibition of the extract ranged between 12.00 ± 1.73 and 32.33 ± 3.21 mm. After formulation, both cocoa butter and shea butter bases were found to be compatible with the extract. They exhibited relatively high disintegration time (8.56 ± 0.42 to 12.39 ± 0.98 min). The cocoa butter base gave stable suppositories and a faster release rate (56.95 ± 1.37 min) of the extract. The zones of inhibition of the suppositories incorporated with the extract ranged between 10.00 ± 1.00 and 23.67 ± 2.08 mm. Conclusion: These outcomes showed that the extract possesses antifungal activities and when incorporated into suppositories, activities vary according to the bases employed with the cocoa butter base being the more effective of the two bases.

scholarly journals FORMULATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF CURCUMIN BASED EMULGEL IN TREATMENT AND RECURRENCE OF VAGINAL CANDIDIASIS

2021 ◽  
pp. 89-99
Author(s):  
GHANSHAMDAS R. BAIRAGI ◽  
VIPUL P. PATEL
Keyword(s):  
Phase Diagram ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Zeta Potential ◽  
Polydispersity Index ◽  
Vaginal Candidiasis ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Drug Content ◽  
Globule Size ◽  
Pseudoternary Phase Diagram

Objective: The main causative agent of vaginal candidiasis is Candida albicans and it develops resistance against several synthetic antifungal drugs and it has a high rate of infection in women. According to WHO report, around 75% of women are infected by Candida albicans and 50 % are infected a second time by Candida albicans. Therefore, we choose Curcumin an antifungal agent that had reported antifungal properties against the various fungal species. The Curcumin-containing emulgel based microemulsion system was prepared for greater retention time and penetration across the vaginal mucosa. Methods: The screening of oil phase, surfactant, and cosurfactant for microemulsion formulation was selected based on the solubility study and followed by the construction of the pseudoternary phase diagram. The oil phase, surfactant and co-surfactant are selected from the pseudoternary phase diagram for the formulation of a stable microemulsion. The prepared Curcumin-loaded microemulsion was characterized by globule size, polydispersity index, Zeta potential, accelerated stability study, drug content, percent transmittance and antifungal assay by broth microdilution technique. The formulated microemulsion was converted into a vaginal emulgel by using Pluronic@F127. The formulated curcumin-loaded emulgel was characterized by different evaluation parameters and antifungal study by agar well diffusion method. Results: The result showed that the average globule size of emulgel was 286.3 nm, polydispersity index was 0.241, Zeta potential was+19.20 mv, conductivity was 0.0390 mS/cm, and drug content was found to be 95.58%. The texture of formulated emulgel was found to be soft and smooth, with shear-thinning, pseudoplastic behavior, and easily spreadable. The in vitro permeability study of emulgel shows slow and complete release of curcumin in 10 h. The microemulsion and developed emulgel showed promising antifungal activity against Candida albicans. Conclusion: The developed curcumin-loaded emulgel showed promising antifungal activity against Candida albicans as compared to the Fluconazole as an standard antifungal antibiotic. Our formulated Curcumin-containing emulgel can be a potential alternative as compared to the conventional dosage form for the treatment of vaginal candidiasis.

Antifungal Activity of Plant Extracts against Candida albicans

1997 ◽  
Vol 25 (02) ◽  
pp. 181-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Perez ◽  
Cristina Suarez
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogen ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Micro Organisms ◽  
Agar Well Diffusion Method

In previous papers, we reported the antimicrobial activity of plants used in Argentine folk medicine against different micro-organisms. The present study deals with the screening of 11 of these plants against the opportunistic pathogen fungus Candida albicans. Aqueous extracts 6% p/v (6 mg dry plant per 100 ml of water) were checked against fungus cultures by the agar-well diffusion method. Five extracts showed antifungal activity.

scholarly journals Preliminary phytochemical analysis and antibacterial study of crude extract from Hamelia patens stems

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (02) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
V. Kanchana ◽  
G. Venkat Kumar ◽  
R. V. Shalini
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Antibacterial Study ◽  
Tropical Plant ◽  
Zones Of Inhibition ◽  
Agar Well Diffusion Method

The present study aimed to analyse the phytochemical and antibacterial activity of different extracts of the tropical plant Hamelia patens Jacq. (Rubiaceae). The antimicrobial activity was carried out using agar well diffusion method. Hexane, petroleum ether, ethanol and chloroform stem extracts (100 μL of 50 mg/mL each) were introduced into the wells separately and allowed it to undergo incubation. After the incubation time was over, the plates were observed for zones of inhibition and compared with positive control ciprofloxacin at a concentration of 30 μM. These results provided evidence that the tested plant extracts possess antimicrobial properties which can be tested further in the development of novel antimicrobial agents.

scholarly journals Evaluation of The Antifungal Activity of Nasturtium officinale (watercress) Oil with Calcium Hydroxide against Candida Albicans Isolated from Root Canal

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Mustafa W Abdul Kareem ◽  
Zainab A Al Dhaher
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Calcium Hydroxide ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Agar Plate ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Nasturtium Officinale ◽  
Oil Extract ◽  
Agar Well Diffusion Method

Background: The interest in herbal extracts as antimicrobial agents has increased over the past few years in endodontic therapy. Nasturtium officinale (watercress) is a promising plant with great medicinal values. This study aimed to investigate the antifungal activity of watercress oil in combination with calcium hydroxide against Candida albicans as intracanal medicament. Materials and Methods: Candida albicans was isolated from patients with necrotic root canal or failed root canal treatment. The sensitivity of Candida albicans to different concentrations of watercress oil extract was determined by using the agar well diffusion method in comparison with calcium hydroxide paste. The agar plate method was used to determine the minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) of the tested oil against the fungus. The combination of the oil extract of Nasturtium officinale with calcium hydroxide was evaluated and compared to calcium hydroxide paste with iodoform by using the agar well diffusion method. Results: The oil extract exhibited antifungal activity against Candida albicans, this activity was found to be increased as the concentration of extract increased. The tested combination of watercress oil extract with calcium hydroxide revealed larger inhibition zones than the ones formed by each tested agent individually. Conclusion: The oil extract of Nasturtium officinale is active against Candida albicans suggesting its potential to be used as an intracanal medicament alone or in combination with calcium hydroxide.

scholarly journals NATURAL ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF LAWSONIA INERMIS AND INDIGO TINCTORIA AGAINST CLINICALLY ISOLATED MICROORGANISMS

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 191
Author(s):  
Maha Al Rimawi ◽  
Mahmoud Al Masri ◽  
Nedaa’ Husein ◽  
Arwa N. T. Al-hinnawi ◽  
Ola Al Masimi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Nigella Sativa ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Culture Collection ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Lawsonia Inermis ◽  
Natural Antimicrobial ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal Activities

Objective: The present study aimed at evaluating the natural antimicrobial activity of Lawsonia inermis (L. inermis) and Indigofera tinctoria (I. tinctoria) against a reference and pathogenic clinically isolated strains compare with some antibiotics.Methods: The antimicrobial activity of Lawsonia inermis (red henna) and Indigo tinctoria (black henna) was evaluated against clinically isolated strains from urinary tract and wounds infected patients. The six tested strains namely were Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus fecalis, Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated by agar diffusion method and microplate dilution for measuring the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). An American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) of bacteria was used as a control for confirming the type of the isolated bacteria.Results: Both red and black henna showed variable antimicrobial activity against tested bacteria and C. albicans. Alcoholic and oily extracts were more effective than water. Staphylococcus epidermis was significantly affected with water extract of black henna (20±1.1) and red henna (11±0.5). Nigella sativa oil extract with black henna had showed significant synergism effects against some microorganisms as Enterococcus fecalis (40±1.5), P. aeruginosa (15±0.9) and Candida albicans (18±0.6).Conclusion: Black and red henna had antibacterial and antifungal activities. They exhibited synergistic effects when mixed with black seed oil.

scholarly journals Formulation and Antifungal Activities of Syzygium Aromaticum Essential Oil Contained in Natural Bath Soap

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL4) ◽  
pp. 1663-1669
Author(s):  
Sri Handayani ◽  
Susila Kristianingrum ◽  
Anna Rakhmawati ◽  
Melati Khairuddean
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Antifungal Agent ◽  
Trichophyton Mentagrophytes ◽  
National Standards ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Syzygium Aromaticum ◽  
Clove Oil ◽  
Antifungal Activities ◽  
Total Fat

Syzygium aromaticum essential oil (clove oil) has a promising potential as an antifungal. However, the potential has never been applied in bath soaps. This study aimed to produce an antifungal natural soap using clove oil as the additive. Natural bath soap containing clove oil was made through a cold saponification reaction of vegetable oils, sodium hydroxide, and various contents of clove oil (1, 2, and 3% w/w) as an antifungal agent. The soap quality was tested based on Indonesian National Standards (INS), including water content, total fat, insoluble matters in ethanol, free alkali, and unsaponified fatty matter. With a Kirby-Bauer diffusion method, the researchers carried out an antifungal activity est of clove oil soap on Candida albicans and Trichophyton mentagrophytes. All samples in the quality test of clove oil natural bath soap have met the standard. The antifungal activities of all tested clove oil soap performed growth inhibition of Candida albicans yeast and Trichophyton mentagrophytes mould in all treatments. However, there is no relationship between the clove oil concentration and antifungal activities in the range of clove oil content in this study. The formulation of clove oil in natural bath soap executed excellent antifungal activities against both yeast and mould. Due to the potential of clove oil as an antifungal agent, clove oil in bath soap is efficient to be used as natural cosmetics and medicinal soap in the future.

scholarly journals Analysis of Antimicrobial Efficacy of Triphala and its Effectiveness in Decontaminating the Guttapercha Cones

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 217-220
Author(s):  
Manu Rana ◽  
Shiksha Kumari ◽  
Manoj Kumar Upadhyay
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Agar Plate ◽  
Endodontic Treatment ◽  
Antimicrobial Efficacy ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Staph Aureus ◽  
Zones Of Inhibition ◽  
Aseptic Conditions ◽  
Prime Target ◽  
Agar Well Diffusion Method

Background: -The prime target of endodontic treatment is to maintain an aseptic conditions starting right from the access opening to the obturationof root canals.Many chemicals such as, hydrogen peroxide, chlorhexidineetc have been tried for GP decontamination but none of these compounds have been proven as fully effective.The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of an ayurvedic alternative, Triphala for rapid decontamination of guttapercha cones. Materials and Methods: A concentrated extract of triphala was used to check for the antimicrobial efficacy using the agar well diffusion method. Presence of zones’ of diffusion was identified against three common GP contaminants namely, E.coli, E.faecalis and Staph. aureus. New GP Cones, freshly taken out of the packet were then decontaminated for 1minute using triphalaand then placed in thioglycolate broth to check for the presence of turbidity.Results: The zones of inhibition on the agar plate were measured as 23mm, 21mm and 24mm respectively. The broth remained clear even after 48 hours of incubation.Conclusion: We conclude that triphala is indeed effective as a GP decontaminant and it holds promising future as a medium for storage of GP cones. Keywords: decontamination; guttapercha cones; triphala.

scholarly journals Comparison of the Antimicrobial Efficiency of Neem Leaf Extract and 17% Edta with 3% Sodium Hypochlorite against E. faecalis, C. albicans – An in vitro Study

2020 ◽  
pp. 127-136
Author(s):  
T. Santhosh ◽  
S. Delphine Priscilla Antony ◽  
N. P. Muralidharan
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Brain Heart Infusion ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Zones Of Inhibition ◽  
Neem Leaf Extract

Introduction: Candida albicans and Enterococcus faecalis are the most predominant microorganisms found in the canals of failed root canal treated teeth. Thorough debridement of an infected root canal and complete elimination of microorganisms are objectives of effective endodontic therapy. For thousands of years, humans have used herbs as the primary means to sort out health issues and illnesses. Not all herbs have shown to provide scientific evidence as medicine to illness. Neem is a Botanical herb that is truly remarkable with its scientific value, a tropical evergreen native to India. Although different agents have been suggested as root canal irrigants, sodium hypochlorite and EDTA are the most popularly used. Aim: To compare the antimicrobial efficacy of commercially available irrigants, 17% EDTA and a herbal product, neem leaf extract compared with 3% sodium hypochlorite as a control against Enterococcus faecalis and Candida albicans. Materials and Methods: The antimicrobial activity was determined using the agar well diffusion method. Freshly prepared neem leaf extracts, 17% EDTA, 3% Sodium hypochloriteStandard strain of E. Faecalis and C. Albicans were used in this study. These isolates were subcultured on to Brain heart infusion agar (BHI agar) and HI-chrome candidal differential media respectively. The agar well diffusion test was performed in brain heart infusion media and broth. The plates were incubated at 37°C for 24 hours and the zone of inhibition was recorded and analyzed statistically. Results: Zones of inhibition were present with Neem leaf extract suggestive of antimicrobial properties. Zones of inhibition were greater with Neem extract than 17% EDTA. Hence, further research should be directed towards the use of this herbal extract as an irrigant clinically with endodontic therapy. Conclusion: Within the limitation of this study, it was found that neem leaf extract had a significant antimicrobial effect against E. Faecalis and C. Albicans compared to EDTA and Sodium Hypochlorite. Since the study is a qualitative analysis, further testing needs to be done to final quantitative analysis of the antimicrobial activity of neem leaf extract.

scholarly journals MOMORDICA CHARANTIA L. (bitter gourd) AS A CANDIDATE FOR THE CONTROL OF BACTERIAL AND FUNGAL GROWTH

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (04) ◽  
pp. 1031-1036
Author(s):  
M. Shahid Mahmood
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Bitter Gourd ◽  
Penicillium Expansum ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Zones Of Inhibition ◽  
Agar Well Diffusion Method

The plants use for medicinal purposes have been experienced by an extensive proportion of population of population for many centuries. The present study was designed to formulate cost effective dietary interventions to prevent and treat certain microbial diseases. The current experiment was conducted for evaluation of antifungal and antibacterial effects of bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.), which is locally named as Karella. All parts of bitter gourd were used including seeds, pulp and skin. Its methanolic extracts were taken to check its antibacterial efficacy against Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and methicillin resistance Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) by paper disc diffusion test. Antifungal efficacy against selected species of Penicillium and Aspergillus was done by Agar Well-Diffusion Method. Broth Dilution method and Agar Well-Diffusion Method were used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Zones of inhibition diameters were 11mm, 7mm, 11mm and 9mm for Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli, respectively. There was no zone of inhibition against MRSA. The zones of inhibition for bitter gourd seed were 12mm, 8mm, 12mm and 11mm for Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Salmonella typhi, respectively. The MIC of bitter gourd pulp against Aspergillus niger and Penicillium expansum was 400mg/ml and 600mg/ml, respectively. The MIC of bitter gourd seed against Aspergillus niger and Penicillium expansum was 300mg/ml and 400mg/ml, respectively. Taking together, bitter ground was found a cost effective antibacterial and antifungal agent, it may be used an effective alternate remedial option

scholarly journals Qualitative phytochemical screening and antimicrobial evaluation of the total alkaloids of the hydroalcoholic extracts of the leaves and stem bark of Musanga cercropoides (Urticaceae)

2020 ◽  
pp. 74-84
Author(s):  
SF Ibitoye ◽  
G Ukpo ◽  
AS Rabiu
Keyword(s):  
Stem Bark ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Vaginal Candidiasis ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Control Drug ◽  
Total Alkaloids ◽  
Zones Of Inhibition

Background: Musanga cecropioides R.Br. ex Tedlie (Urticaceae) is a plant that is widely used in Nigerian traditional medicine for the treatment of various infections such as cough, diarrhoea, and vaginal candidiasis. Objective: To study the antimicrobial potency of the total alkaloids of the hydroalcoholic extracts (HAE) of the stem bark (ST) and leaves of Musanga cecropioides. Method: The antimicrobial activities of the total alkaloidal constituent of the HAE of the ST and leaves were screened using agar diffusion method using Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtils,Klebsiella pneumonia, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans as test organisms. The preliminary phytochemical screening of the ST and leaves were performed following the conventional standard procedures of Trease and Evans. Results: Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, phenols, flavonoids, tannins, sterols, saponins and terpenoids. The HAE of both ST and leaves exhibited notable activities against the tested microorganisms at different concentrations (500, 250, 125, 62.5 mg/ml) with zones of inhibition ranging from 8.6±0.5mm to 20.0±1.0mm. The highest activity against bacteria had a zone of inhibition of 18.6±1.1mm and 20.0±1.0mm for fungus. The zone of inhibition for antibacterial control drug (Ciprofloxacin) was 42.3±2.0mm while that of antifungal control drug (Griseofulvin) was 32.0±0.8mm. The total alkaloid yield for the ST was 1.200%w/w and 1.332%w/w for the leaves. Conclusion: Musanga cercropoidesmay be a valuable source of a therapeutic agent for potent clinical antimicrobials.

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