ON THE ESSENCE OF EVIDENCE IN THE CONTEXT OF THE USE OF NEW DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES IN CIVIL PROCEDURAL ACTIVITIES

In this article, taking into account the historical aspect, an analysis of the immanent content of such a key category as “evidence” in civil procedure is given. A gradual change in theoretical and practical points of view on the essence of judicial evidence is revealed: from a simple indication that it should be understood as a fact that convinces the justice body of the rightness of the side of a legal incident (I. Vladislavlev and others); before argumentation – proof is a dialectical trinity of content, form and procedural method of obtaining and researching legally significant information (M.K. Treushnikov and others). In the aspect of the ongoing dynamic digital transformation of public relations, the question of what essentially constitutes electronic evidence, whether it should be allocated as an independent category, or whether it is covered by means of evidence already existing in the law, is being studied. Taking into account international and Russian experience, additional arguments are presented in favor of the fact that electronic evidence can be successfully used in the consideration and resolution of civil and administrative cases by courts, regardless of their autonomous consolidation in the current procedural legislation, along with written, material and other traditional means of proof. This is explained by the fact that by themselves electronic evidence fully meets the basic criteria that characterize any evidence in modern civil procedure.

A sustainable procedural method of software design process improvements

In practice, the software process is an intermediate phase for enhancement and improvements the design for different types of software products and help developers to converts the specified requirements into prototypes that implement the design into reality. The objective of this paper is to provide software developers, designers and software engineers who work in small companies with a standards-based process improvement using a procedural method technique including detailed steps for designing the small software systems into their companies. The method used in this paper includes 1) analysis four different types of commonly design processes used by industry such as CMMI, conventional or software process in ISO 19759, generic and engineering design processes. 2) mapping between those four design processes. 3) collect the dispersed design concepts proposed by those four processes. 4) proposed a sustainable procedural method of software design process improvements 5) Illustration of the applicability of the proposed approach using A template-based implementation. The primary result of this study is<strong> </strong>a guideline procedure with detailed steps for<strong> </strong>software design process improvements to help and guide developers in small companies to analyze and design a small software scales with limited cost and duration. In conclusion<strong>, </strong>this paper proposed a method to improve the design process for different kinds of the software systems<strong> </strong>using<strong> </strong>a template-based implementation to reduce the cost, effort and time needed in the implementation phase<strong> </strong>in small companies. The scientific implication<strong> </strong>behind a template-based implementation helps the system and software engineering to use this template easily in their small companies; because most of the time those engineering developers are responsible for analyzing, designing, implementing and testing their software systems during the whole software life cycle.

Paulo Freire and the daily concrete of Popular Education in Brazil’s Northeast

This article introduces reflexive approximations of Paulo Freire’s ideas with the daily concrete of an educational practice of popular nature, represented through narrative profiles from northeastern women educators who lived pedagogies gestated in community frontiers. It comes from a research of qualitative nature which integrated a doctoral project entitled Trajectories of female popular educators in the state of Sergipe-Brazil. From the inter-encounter methodology, inspired by the hermeneutic phenomenology, as an approach method and the Oral History as a procedural method, recollections and experiences of female popular educators compromised with literacy practices in its own communities were analysed. The analytical path reupdated the concept of Popular Education, elevating it beyond the educational dimension and placing it as a piece of knowledge generated by a daily experience. The dialogic evidences have produced a close theoretical translation of the experimental field with the Freirean perspective on adult literacy, oriented as a basic human right and seen as a decisive tool for fighting poverty and the inadequate distribution of life essential resources.

A Pattern-Based Software Testing Framework for Exploitability Evaluation of Metadata Corruption Vulnerabilities

In recent years, increased attention is being given to software quality assurance and protection. With considerable verification and protection schemes proposed and deployed, today’s software unfortunately still fails to be protected from cyberattacks, especially in the presence of insecure organization of heap metadata. In this paper, we aim to explore whether heap metadata could be corrupted and exploited by cyberattackers, in an attempt to assess the exploitability of vulnerabilities and ensure software quality. To this end, we propose RELAY, a software testing framework to simulate human exploitation behavior for metadata corruption at the machine level. RELAY employs the heap layout serialization method to construct exploit patterns from human expertise and decomposes complex exploit-solving problems into a series of intermediate state-solving subproblems. With the heap layout procedural method, RELAY makes use of the fewer resources consumed to solve a layout problem according to the exploit pattern, activates the intermediate state, and generates the final exploit. Additionally, RELAY can be easily extended and can continuously assimilate human knowledge to enhance its ability for exploitability evaluation. Using 20 CTF&RHG programs, we then demonstrate that RELAY has the ability to evaluate the exploitability of metadata corruption vulnerabilities and works more efficiently compared with other state-of-the-art automated tools.

THE NEUTRALIZATION ON AN EMPTY NUMBER LINE MODEL FOR INTEGER ADDITIONS AND SUBTRACTIONS: IS IT HELPFUL?

The number line and the neutralization model have been used very extensively in teaching integer additions and subtractions for decades. Despite their advantages, issues concerning subtractions on these models are still debatable. Therefore, the neutralization on an empty number line (NNL) model is proposed in this research to help students better understand the meaning of integer subtractions as well as additions. This report is a part of a design research study conducted in a classroom of 28 elementary school students at the fifth grade. Data were gathered by collecting students’ written work, conducting interviews and observations during the teaching experiment. This paper focuses on students’ perceptions of the NNL model and what factors that might contribute to students’ achievements in understanding integer additions and subtractions. The analysis revealed that most students overemphasized on the use of the NNL model as a procedural method instead of as a model for thinking. Moreover, students’ mathematical beliefs and conceptions on the use of the column strategy and the absence of a discussion on the need of using the model are found to be some factors that could cause students’ misunderstandings. However, with a thorough planning, the NNL model has a potential to help students developing a meaning of integer additions and subtractions.

Biological Pest Control in Maize Crop in Brazil: A Review

The areas of maize production harbor a high number of insect species, some of which are considered pests that cause damage to the crop. The methods of pest control have been a cause of concern for the society since the use of chemicals and the environmental problems arising from this practice indicate the need to search for alternatives to control. In this sense, it is necessary to seek an agricultural production system that contemplates environmental sustainability and promotes biodiversity in the Agrosystem, among which the use of biological agents is highlighted. The objective of this research was to update through a bibliographic review the advances in the literature on biological control of maize crop pests. For the development of this article, we used the method of approach the analytical and as procedural method the monographic, through bibliographic research, using specialized doctrines, appropriate to the object of the study and legislations. Because of the observed aspects, it is possible to conclude that the group of natural enemies that act as biological control agents is formed by parasitoids, predators and entomopathogenic microorganisms. The rationalization of the use of chemicals should be associated with the use of biodefensives in integrated pest management. Advances in the legislation of biological products in Brazil are fundamental to give speed to the registration of new alternatives of biological control, aimed at the safety of the environment, human health and that are generated without the exploratory use of biodiversity.

A Suggestion of a Procedural Method for the Management of Post-War Waste

The increasing number of disasters (natural or man-made) worldwide has made post-disaster waste management an essential aspect of disaster recovery. This is obvious in Iraq where the Iraqi government faces an important challenge regarding the events of 2014 (ISIS gang conflict) and the accumulation of huge volumes of construction and demolition (C&D) waste resulting from military operations and terrorist destruction. Field surveys by the specialist teams estimated the amount of waste at about 10 million tons in the Nineveh governorate only, much of which comprises potentially useful materials that could be reused or recycled in the reconstruction process. This paper investigates the obstacles to the sustainable management of such waste in the Nineveh governorate. A pilot questionnaire survey of 76 experts working in the waste management sector was carried out to identify the obstacles to the sustainable management of accumulated waste in the Nineveh governorate. Data analysis was carried out using SPSS version 23.0. Based on the identified obstacles, a procedural method of managing post-war waste that accumulated in Iraq has been created. The paper illustrates several conclusions in the strategic, economic, social, and environmental sectors to address identified gaps in sustainable waste management in Iraq. It is hoped that this study’s results will support post-disaster sustainable development goals in Iraq.

Identifying Significant Risks and Analyzing Risk Relationship for Construction PPP Projects in China Using Integrated FISM-MICMAC Approach

To meet the growing demand for public facilities and services, many developing countries, including China, have adopted the concept of public–private partnership (PPP). However, there are many risks in PPP projects. Furthermore, these risks affect each other, which may lead to project failure. However, the existing research on the PPP risk relationship has not gone into sufficient detail. Therefore, in order to fill this literature gap, this study proposes a procedural method to analyze the correlation between PPP risks. Firstly, this study, identifies the risks of construction PPP projects in China by combining the literature review with a case study and interviews. Then, fuzzy interpretative structural modeling (FISM) is used to reflect the relationships between these risks and reveal the failure mechanisms of PPP projects. In addition, based on matrix impact cross-reference multiplication applied to a classification (MICMAC) analysis, the risk is divided into four clusters, according to the driving and dependence power, to show the relationship level of the risk. Finally, the paper compares and discusses the research results with other studies and puts forward some suggestions on PPP risks. The FISM-MICMAC method adopted in this study considers the fuzzy of the PPP risk relationship and improves upon previous studies. In addition, the method of FISM-MICMAC can provide a new risk assessment tool for risk management strategies in the field of construction engineering and management.

Type synthesis of parallel mechanisms capturing wave energy

Wave energy is clean, renewable, and abundant, awaiting exploitation. A wide range of wave energy converters have been proposed so far. Oscillating body systems are an important class of wave energy converters. Many mechanisms have been invented to absorb the random wave energy. Nowadays, there is a lack of method to design the mechanism for oscillating body systems to extract the wave energy. Parallel mechanism has the advantages of high stiffness and high load, which are suitable for design of the mechanism for wave energy converters. In this paper, a procedural method based on the generalized function ( G F) sets theory is proposed to design parallel mechanisms to capture wave energy. Using this method, numerous parallel mechanisms have been obtained, which provides the foundation of the development of wave energy converters.

Procedural Method for Fast Table Mountains Modelling in Virtual Environments

Natural terrains created by long-term erosion processes can sometimes have spectacular forms and shapes. The visible form depends often upon internal geological structure and materials. One of the unique terrain artefacts occur in the form of table mountains and can be observed in the Monument Valley (Colorado Plateau, USA). In the following article a procedural method is considered for terrain modelling of structures, geometrically similar to the mesas and buttes hills. This method is not intended to simulate physically inspired erosion processes, but targets directly the generation of eroded forms. The results can be used as assets by artists and designers. The proposed terrain model is based on a height-field representation extended by materials and its hardness information. The starting point of the technique is the Poisson Faulting algorithm that was originally used to obtain fractional Brownian surfaces. In the modification, the step function as the fault line generator was replaced with a circular one. The obtained geometry was used for materials’ classification and the hardness part of the modelled terrain. The final model was achieved by the erosive modification of geometry according to the materials and its hardness data. The results are similar to the structures observed in nature and are achieved within an acceptable time for real-time interactions.