scholarly journals Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Causes of Visual Impairment in an Elderly Chinese Uygur Population in Southern Xinjiang

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Yi Sun ◽  
Guangming Jin ◽  
Mengting Yang ◽  
Jing Fu ◽  
Xueyi Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Vision Loss ◽  
Low Vision ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Elderly Chinese ◽  
Uygur Population ◽  
Southern Xinjiang

Purpose. To investigate the prevalence, risk factors, and major causes of visual impairment (VI) in an elderly Chinese Uygur population in southern Xinjiang. Methods. This was a population-based cross-sectional study. Participants aged 50 years and older from Haohan Country, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, were enrolled from August 2018 to December 2018 using cluster sampling. Participants underwent examinations including presenting visual acuity (PVA), pinhole vision, slit-lamp, intraocular pressure, and direct ophthalmoscopy. Participants’ education and demographic information was collected by a questionnaire. The prevalence, risk factors, and major causes of vision loss were evaluated. Results. A total of 1465 participants (85.4% response rate) were enrolled. The mean age of the subjects was 59.1 ± 9.7 years. The prevalence of mild VI, moderate VI, severe VI, and blindness in the better eye was 13.3%, 12.8%, 2.9%, and 3.4%, respectively. The prevalence of low vision and blindness in this study was higher than that in Altay & Tacheng and Changji in northern Xinjiang, lower than that in Luxi, and similar to that in Tibet. The multiple logistic regression analysis showed that age, education level, and body mass index (BMI) were significantly associated with low vision and blindness ( P ≤ 0.001 , < 0.05 , 0.002 , respectively). The major causes of low vision were cataract (42.6%), refractive error (19.6%), and glaucoma (12.6%), whereas the primary causes of blindness were cataract (34%), glaucoma (34%), and retinitis pigmentosa (10%). Conclusions. VI is an important public health issue among elderly Uygur individuals in the area, especially for those with low education levels. Cataract is the leading cause of low vision and blindness.

Luminance Contrast of Accessible Tactile Indicators for People With Visual Impairment

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 4-15
Author(s):  
Aldyfra Luhulima Lukman ◽  
Catherine Bridge ◽  
Stephen John Dain ◽  
Mei-Ying Boon
Keyword(s):  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Vision Loss ◽  
Low Vision ◽  
Visual Impairments ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
Luminance Contrast ◽  
Safety Standard

Australia is one of only two known countries with a safety standard specifying levels of contrast required to provide accessible environments for people with visual impairment. However, these requirements were not developed based on empirical research involving people with vision loss. We investigated whether the level of luminance contrast in Australian accessibility standards, 30%, is adequate for people with visual impairments to detect and identify discrete tactile ground surface indicators over a range of contrasts with the background flooring before contact. We found that the 30% luminance contrast is adequate for people with low vision, although they preferred higher contrast.

Risk Factors for Illicit Drug Use Among Malaysian Male Adolescents

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (8_suppl) ◽  
pp. 48S-56S
Author(s):  
Wan Shakira Rodzlan Hasani ◽  
Jane Ling Miaw Yn ◽  
Thamil Arasu Saminathan ◽  
Tania Gayle Robert Lourdes ◽  
Rushidi Ramly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Illicit Drug ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Illicit Drug Use ◽  
Current Smoker ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Male Adolescents

This study was carried out to determine the prevalence of illicit drug use and its associated factors among male adolescents in Malaysia. Data of 13 135 adolescents were extracted from the National Health and Morbidity Survey 2017, a cross-sectional survey among school-going adolescents in Malaysia aged between 13 and 17 years, using a 2-stage stratified cluster sampling. A complex sample design analysis and multiple logistic regression analysis were applied. The overall prevalence of lifetime illicit drug use among male adolescents was 6.6%. The multivariable model showed that illicit drug use among male adolescents were associated with younger age, rural school area, marital status of parent, current smoker, ever having sex, truancy, involved in physical fight, and lack of peer support. The findings from this study can assist community and relevant authorities in their efforts to combat illicit drug usage among adolescents using intervention programs that diminishes risk factors and enhances the protective factors.

scholarly journals Prevalence and risk factors for visual impairment among elderly residents in ‘homes for the aged’ in India: the Hyderabad Ocular Morbidity in Elderly Study (HOMES)

2020 ◽  
Vol 105 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Srinivas Marmamula ◽  
Navya Rekha Barrenakala ◽  
Rajesh Challa ◽  
Thirupathi Reddy Kumbham ◽  
Satya Brahmanandam Modepalli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Vision Loss ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Posterior Capsular Opacification ◽  
Routine Practice ◽  
Homes For The Aged ◽  
Uncorrected Refractive Error

Background/AimTo investigate the prevalence, causes and risk factors of visual impairment (VI) among the elderly in ‘home for the aged’ in Hyderabad, India.MethodsIndividuals aged ≥60 years were recruited from 41 ‘homes for the aged’. All participants had complete eye examinations including presenting visual acuity, refraction, slit-lamp examination, intraocular pressure measurement and fundus imaging by trained clinicians. VI was defined as presenting visual acuity worse than 6/18 in the better eye. Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine the risk factors associated with VI.Results1512 elderly residents from 41 homes for the aged were enumerated, of whom 1182 (78.1%) were examined. The mean age of examined participants was 75.0 years (SD 8.8 years; range: 60–108 years); 35.4% of those examined were men. The prevalence of VI was 30.1% (95% CI 27.5 to 32.8). The leading cause of VI was cataract (46.3%, n=165), followed by uncorrected refractive error (27.0%, n=96), posterior capsular opacification (14.9%, n=53) and posterior segment disease (6.5%, n=23). Overall, 88.2% of the VI was either treatable or correctable. In multiple logistic regression, those aged 80 years and older (OR: 1.7, p<0.01), living in ‘free’ homes (OR: 1.5, p<0.01) and who were immobile/bedridden (OR: 3.02, p<0.01) had significantly higher odds of VI. Gender was not associated with VI.ConclusionsVI was common and largely avoidable in residents of ‘homes for the aged’ in Hyderabad, India. Screening for vision loss in ‘homes for aged’ and the provision of appropriate services should become routine practice to achieve the goal of healthy ageing in India.

scholarly journals Exploring the patient perspective of fatigue in adults with visual impairment: a qualitative study

BMJ Open ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. e015023 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wouter Schakel ◽  
Christina Bode ◽  
Hilde P A van der Aa ◽  
Carel T J Hulshof ◽  
Judith E Bosmans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Visually Impaired ◽  
Patient Perspective ◽  
Vision Loss ◽  
Low Vision ◽  
Research Question ◽  
External Support ◽  
Future Research

ObjectivesFatigue is an often mentioned symptom by patients with irreversible visual impairment. This study explored the patient perspective of fatigue in visually impaired adults with a focus on symptoms of fatigue, causes, consequences and coping strategies.SettingTwo large Dutch low vision multidisciplinary rehabilitation organisations.Participants16 visually impaired adults with severe symptoms of fatigue selected by purposive sampling.MethodsA qualitative study involving semistructured interviews. A total of four first-level codes were top–down predetermined in correspondence with the topics of the research question. Verbatim transcribed interviews were analysed with a combination of a deductive and inductive approach using open and axial coding.ResultsParticipants often described the symptoms of fatigue as a mental, daily and physical experience. The most often mentioned causes of fatigue were a high cognitive load, the intensity and amount of activities, the high effort necessary to establish visual perception, difficulty with light intensity and negative cognitions. Fatigue had the greatest impact on the ability to carry out social roles and participation, emotional functioning and cognitive functioning. The most common coping strategies were relaxation, external support, socialising and physical exercise and the acceptance of fatigue.ConclusionsOur results indicate that low vision-related fatigue is mainly caused by population specific determinants that seem different from the fatigue experience described in studies with other patient populations. Fatigue may be central to the way patients react, adapt and compensate to the consequences of vision loss. These findings indicate a need for future research aimed at interventions specifically tailored to the unique aspects of fatigue related to vision loss.

scholarly journals The Prevalence and Risk Factors of Isolated Systolic Hypertension Among Elderly Chinese Population

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
QingKun Zheng ◽  
Pengshun Rong ◽  
Xiaobo Huang ◽  
Yang Zhang ◽  
Jianxiong Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Chinese Population ◽  
Systolic Hypertension ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Isolated Systolic Hypertension ◽  
Elderly Chinese

Abstract Objective To investigate the prevalence status of the isolated systolic hypertension (ISH) among the elderly Chinese population and analyze risk factors of ISH. Methods The survey was conducted from September 2015 to September 2016 enrolling 1269 people aging above 80 in the urban community in Chengdu, China. The participants were recruited by using a stratified cluster sampling method. The average blood pressure of an individual was obtained by using a standardized mercury sphygmomanometer to measure the blood pressure twice after a 10-minute seated rest. Results The prevalence of ISH was 53.0% among the elderly population; the ISH was accounted for 82.2% of all hypertension cases. The prevalence of ISH of males and females was 54.7% and 51.5%, respectively, without significant differences (P = 0.25). The prevalence of ISH in the 80–84 group, 85–89 group, and > 90 group were 52.5%, 53.0%, and 60.0%, respectively without significant differences (P for trend = 0.36). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that drinking alcoholic, obesity, and heart rate (HR) > 75 beats/min were all positively correlated to the incident of ISH; however, physical exercise was negatively correlated to the occurrence of ISH. Conclusion 53.0% of the elderly Chinese population aged above 80 has ISH. The gender and physical exercise are not the independent risk factor of ISH. But drinking alcoholic, obesity and HR > 75 are significantly related to the occurrence of ISH.

Charles bonnet syndrome (CBS): Successful treatment of visual hallucinations due to vision loss with trazodone in three cases

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 378-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.C. Hsu ◽  
T.C. Chen ◽  
Y.S. Huang ◽  
W.X. Fan
Keyword(s):  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Vision Loss ◽  
Low Vision ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Visual Hallucinations ◽  
Charles Bonnet Syndrome ◽  
Lower Body Weight ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Image Position

BackgroundCBS becomes more prevalent as the population ages and the number of patients with low vision increases. Clinical features of CBS have been described as complex visual hallucinations with insight due to the vision loss or visual ability decrease in patients who’re otherwise mentally normal. We describe three typical CBS patients whose visual hallucinations developed after bilateral severe visual impairment due to diabetic retinopathy. They responded well to treatment with trazodone. The effectiveness of trazodone in these patients adds to evidence implicating serotonergic pathways in the pathogenesis of visual hallucinations.Case reportThe characteristics of 3 patients and their reactions are listed in table 1.DiscussionThis is the first report describing the effectiveness of trazodone in treating typical CBS patients. It indicates that trazodone is an safer option for the treatment of CBS, especially in the elderly, diabetic population. In addition to having fewer interactions with comedications, trazodone has fewer adverse effects and relative lower body weight gain risk compared to anticonvulsants and neuroleptics. CBS is a condition that many clinicians aren’t very familiar with, yet it’s a surprisingly high prevalence rate (10%-30%) among the visually impaired. Clinicians must therefore keep in mind and ask elderly people with visual impairment whether they’ve hallucinations.

Prevalence and risk factors for adult cataract in the Jingan district of Shanghai

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Sun ◽  
Xiaofang Ye ◽  
Yi Lu ◽  
Jianjiang Xu ◽  
Jianming Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Refractive Error ◽  
Low Vision ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Logistic Analysis ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Education Status

Abstract BackgroundTo report the prevalence of age-related cataract (ARC) in the Jingan district of Shanghai and analyze the risk factors for ARC.MethodsDuring March to June in 2010, a cross sectional study was conducted in a community selected by stratified cluster sampling in the Jingan district of Shanghai. Residents aged 40 and older were recruited and investigated by questionnaire and ophthalmic examination.ResultsA total of 2894 subjects aged 40 years and above were included in our study. 948 people (32.8%) were diagnosed with cataract including 845 with bilateral cataract and 292 with moderate and severe visual impairment (low vision). There were significant differences in the risk of cataract among different age groups and genders. The multivariable Logistic analysis suggested that the prevalence of cataract increased with age. Persons at lower risk for ARC were those with higher education status (OR=0.722), with refractive error (OR=1.352), and those who used computers for 3-8 hours every day (OR=0.592).ConclusionAge, refractive error, education level and daily time of using computers have a certain correlation with ARC.

Transporting People with Visual Impairments: Knowledge of University Campus Public Transportation Workers

2019 ◽  
Vol 113 (2) ◽  
pp. 156-164
Author(s):  
Danene K. Fast ◽  
Tiffany A. Wild
Keyword(s):  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Public Transportation ◽  
Visually Impaired ◽  
Vision Loss ◽  
Low Vision ◽  
Visual Impairments ◽  
University Campus ◽  
Bus Drivers ◽  
Service Training ◽  
Independent Travel

Introduction: To support independent travel skills and accessibility for people with visual impairments (i.e., those who are blind or have low vision), this research acknowledges bus driver perceptions of visual impairment and investigates how bus drivers interact with visually impaired travelers who ride public transportation. Methods: This study utilized the Social Responsibility about Blindness Scale and a researcher-created instrument to explore how bus drivers interact with visually impaired travelers. Results: Fifty-five drivers participated in this study, with 94.55% of these drivers reporting that they have had experiences interacting with visually impaired passengers. The top concern drivers reported was ensuring these passengers located the correct stop (26.56%). Using Likert-type scale ratings to assess driver knowledge and role in assisting passengers with vision loss, overall mean average of driver knowledge was 3.33 ( SD = 1.09, V = 1.23), indicating, as a whole, driver knowledge was in the range of “unsure/don’t know.” Discussion: Although many campus area bus drivers have experience interacting with passengers who are visually impaired, the attitude of drivers toward visual impairment is varied, and their knowledge of visual impairments is limited. Implications for practitioners: Based on results, drivers recognize that accommodations may be needed for passengers with vision loss, and they have an interest in learning how to assist passengers who are visually impaired who ride campus transportation. Based on this outcome, in-service training for drivers to address interactions and accommodations for passengers with vision loss may be warranted within public transportation operations.

scholarly journals Prevalence and risk factors for pterygium: a cross-sectional study in Han and Manchu ethnic populations in Hebei, China

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. e025725 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhouxian Pan ◽  
Jiantao Cui ◽  
Guangliang Shan ◽  
Yuyu Chou ◽  
Li Pan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hebei Province ◽  
Premature Menopause ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference

AimsTo investigate the prevalence, ethnic differences and associated risk factors for pterygium in Han and Manchu populations aged 40–79 years in Hebei province, China.DesignCross-sectional study, as a part of the China National Health Survey.SettingHebei province, China.ParticipantsA multistage cluster sampling method with urbanisation level-based stratification was used to select participants for this study. A total of 4591 individuals over 40 years were recruited for this study. Inclusive criteria: (1) residents who had been living in Hebei for more than 1 year; (2) Han individuals with both parents being Han, or Manchu individuals with both parents being Manchu; (3) underwent ophthalmic examinations and (4) information in the questionnaire was complete.Main outcome measuresMultiple logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the association between pterygium prevalence and factors of interest.ResultsA total of 3790 individuals (2351 Hans and 1439 Manchus) met the study criteria, of which 248 were diagnosed with pterygium (6.5%). There was no significant difference between the prevalence rates in Hans (6.2%) and Manchus (7.2%) (p=0.232). Multivariate analysis revealed that the risk factors for grade 2 or higher pterygium were increasing age (p<0.001) and rural residence (OR 1.83; 95% CI 1.11 to 3.02; p=0.018), while the protective factors include gender (female) (OR 0.58; 95% CI 0.37 to 0.88; p=0.011), cigarette smoking (OR 0.53; 95% CI 0.34 to 0.83; p=0.005) and myopia (OR 0.50; 95% CI 0.33 to 0.77; p=0.002). Premature menopause (OR 2.66; 95% CI 1.05 to 6.72; p=0.038) increased the risk of grade 2 or higher pterygium in females, while higher high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (OR 1.94; 95% CI 1.08 to 3.47; p=0.027) was a risk factor of grade 2 or higher pterygium in males.ConclusionThe overall prevalence of pterygium in Han and Manchu population in Hebei, China was approximately 6.1%. There were no differences in the prevalence of pterygium between Hans and Manchus, and the race was not a risk factor. This is the first study to report on the positive association between premature menopause and pterygium in females and between higher HDL levels and pterygium in males.

Use of Geographic Information System Mapping in the Examination of Specialized Low Vision Resources and Areas of Need in Michigan

2021 ◽  
Vol 115 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-16
Author(s):  
Elyse Connors ◽  
Amber E. Willard ◽  
Kathleen M. Baker ◽  
Katie Debiak ◽  
Renee Beranek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Information System ◽  
Geographic Information System ◽  
Vision Loss ◽  
Low Vision ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Geographic Information ◽  
Gis Mapping ◽  
Lower Peninsula

Introduction: The number of adults with visual impairments (i.e., blindness or low vision) is increasing, especially with the aging of the population. Although awareness of vision loss as a public health problem is growing, public health budgets are decreasing. This study exemplifies the use of publicly available secondary data and geographic information system (GIS) mapping to spatially map areas of potential higher risk for vision loss and identify where specialized, low vision resources are located, by county, in Michigan. Methods: County-level, publicly available data on risk factors for low vision (health and demographic) and specialized low vision resources (medical, rehabilitation, and community) are extracted from existing public health data sets and information published on the Internet. GIS mapping is applied to visually examine potential areas of disparity between need and resources. Results: Broadly speaking, counties in Michigan with the highest number of risk factors for low vision are clustered in the center of the Lower Peninsula and on the eastern and western ends of the Upper Peninsula. Areas that have fewer resources for low vision are clustered in the thumb area and the middle to upper part of the Lower Peninsula. Resources are concentrated near the state’s metropolitan areas (i.e., Detroit and suburbs, Kalamazoo, and Grand Rapids). Discussion: Maps can be helpful in locating areas of health disparities, but they need to be interpreted carefully such as by considering the county’s population size. Understanding the eligibility criteria of available services can help to uncover groups of persons not being served. Implications for practitioners: With increasing need for services and shrinking budgets, strategic planning may help alleviate anticipated shortfalls in available services. Use of publicly available data and GIS mapping may be an affordable and efficient method to identify areas of need and resources, for targeted public health efforts in vision.

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