scholarly journals Modern solidarity and administrative repression

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Claudiu DĂNIȘOR ◽  
Mădălina-Cristina DĂNIȘOR
Keyword(s):  
Modern Society ◽  
Individual Freedom ◽  
Liberal Democracies ◽  
European Court ◽  
Criminal Charge ◽  
Additional Protection ◽  
Organic Solidarity ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Law ◽  
Mechanical Solidarity

Modern society is based on the predominance of organic solidarity over mechanical solidarity and, consequently, on the predominance of the law, which ensures cooperation between autonomous subjects from repressive law, which sanctions, through penalty, any deviation from the standards of the common conscience. Modern society is “civilized”, i.e. it is firstly and foremost based on “civil” law, the repressive law only being exceptional, which translates into three principles: that of the subsidiarity of criminal law, that of the necessity and legality of offences and penalties, and that of the additional protection of individual freedom when the subject is criminally charged. The consequence thereof is that, in modern liberal democracies, all repressive law is criminal, that any charge which may lead to the application of a repressive sanction is a criminal charge and that the law-maker cannot assign to the administration the competence regarding the application of repressive sanctions. Under these circumstances, the transformation of some repressive norms into norms of administrative law is a violation of the fundamental principles that structure the legal order of modern liberal states. Nonetheless, this type of practice is becoming more common. In order to ensure individual freedom, this tendency must be corrected. As politicians are not willing to do so, naturally this is a task for the judicial courts, that can rely for this endeavour on the European Court of Human Rights’ constructive jurisprudence.

scholarly journals TRANSFORMASI SOSIAL MASYARAKAT SAMIN Di BOJONEGORO (Analisis Perubahan Sosial dalam Pembagian Kerja dan Solidaritas Sosial Emile Durkheim)

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
Umi Hanifah
Keyword(s):  
Division Of Labor ◽  
Social Transformation ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Social Solidarity ◽  
Emile Durkheim ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
The Social ◽  
Organic Solidarity ◽  
Mechanical Solidarity ◽  
Division Of Work

Kajian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perubahan yang terjadi pada masyarakat Samin Bojonegoro dengan menggunakan teori Pembagian Kerja dan Solidaritas Sosial Emile Durkheim. Yaitu perubahan sosial dari masyarakat tradisional menuju masyarakat modern. Menurut Emile Durkheim, peningkatan sistem pembagian kerja pada masyarakat berimplikasi pada perubahan tipe solidaritas sosialnya, yaitu pada masyarakat dengan sistem pembagian kerja yang sangat sedikit akan menghasilkan tipe soli-daritas mekanik, sedangkan pada masyarakat dengan pembagian kerja yang kompleks akan menghasilkan tipe solidaritas organik. Dimulai dengan mendeskripsikan kehidupan masyarakat Samin dari asal usul, ajaran yang diikuti dan perubahan sosial yang terjadi pada mereka. Bentuk kajian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif. Data dalam kajian ini digunakan untuk memahami dan menafsirkan makna peristiwa serta pola tingkah laku masyarakat Samin Bojonegoro. Adapun data yang diperoleh berasal dari dokumen sejarah Samin dan bahan kepustakaan berupa buku, video film maupun jurnal ilmiah. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat diketahui bahwa kondisi masyarakat Samin Bojonegoro telah mengalami transformasi dari tradisional menuju masyarakat modern. Meskipun telah mengalami perubahan dan modernisasi di segala bidang, masyarakat Samin masih identik dengan masyarakat mekanik dalam hal solidaritas. Hal tersebut dikarenakan masyarakat Samin masih menjunjung tinggi ajaran Saminisme dan mengamalkannya sampai sekarang yang berimplikasi pada kesadaran kolektif yang tinggi., meskipun mengalami berbagai transformasi, masyarakat Samin masih memegang teguh ajaran leluhurnya, yaitu Saminisme.Kata Kunci: Transformasi Sosial; Suku Samin; Pembagian Kerja Emile Durkheim; Solidaritas Organik; Solidaritas MekanikThis study aims to analyze the changes that occur in the Samin Bojonegoro community by using Emile Durkheim’s Division of Work and Social Solidarity. Namely the social change from traditional society to modern society. According to Durkheim, an increase in the system of division of labor in society has implications for changes in the type of social solidarity, that is, in societies with very little division of labor will produce a type of mechanical solidarity, whereas in societies with complex division of labor will produce types of organic solidarity. It starts by describing the lives of the Samin people from their origins, the teachings that are followed and the social changes that occur in them. The form of this study is qualitative research. The data in this study are used to understand and interpret the meaning of events and the behavior patterns of the Samin Bojonegoro community. The data obtained comes from historical documents Samin and literature materials in the form of books, video films and scientific journals. Based on the results of the study it can be seen that the condition of the Samin Bojonegoro community has undergone a transformation from traditional to modern society. Although it has undergone changes and modernization in all fields, the Samin community is still synonymous with a mechanical society in terms of solidarity. That is because the Samin community still upholds the teachings of Saminism and practices it until now which has implications for high collective consciousness., Despite undergoing various transformations, the Samin community still upholds the teachings of its ancestors, namely Saminism.Keywords: Social Transformation; Samin Tribe; Emile Durkheim Division of Work, Organic Solidarity; Mechanical Solidarity

THE SUBJECT AND THE WORK OF DIFFERENCE: GENDER, SEXUALITY, AND INTELLECTUAL HISTORY

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 213-225
Author(s):  
SANDRINE SANOS
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Intellectual History ◽  
Liberal Democracies ◽  
Social Expression ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
The Law ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Historical Past ◽  
Central Term

In her epilogue, Tracie Matysik argues that “questions of universalism, difference, and morality beyond the law have returned with a new force” (256). Similarly, in hers, Judith Surkis shows how the recent virulent controversies around the headscarf in republican French schools and their attendant legislation have a genealogy in the vibrantfin de siècledebates on pedagogy, secularism, and citizenship (243–8). Few would argue with Surkis and Matysik's contention that contemporary debates on universalism, citizenship, and secularism which haunt Western liberal democracies have a historical past, yet few have explored this past in such an illuminating manner. By reflecting on these issues, both studies illustrate how intellectual history, far from being the abstract and arcane sub-field of history it is still considered by some critics, has contemporary purchase and speaks to a present that must be thought historically. These authors show how (sexual)differenceconstituted a central term in the late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century definition of the nature and social expression of the subject.

Suggestions for rendering Medico-Mental Science available to the better Administration of Justice and the more effectual Prevention of Lunacy and Crime

1868 ◽  
Vol 14 (67) ◽  
pp. 334-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Laycock
Keyword(s):  
Medical Science ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
General Medical Council ◽  
Formal Proof ◽  
Medical Council ◽  
Medical Practitioners ◽  
Administration Of Justice ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Government

That medico-mental science is often at variance with the doctrines and decisions of the courts of law is a fact too well known and too generally admitted to need formal proof. It is almost as generally assumed that the scandalous failures of justice, which too often result, must be attributed to the defective education and knowledge of the profession. It is alleged that, as a body, we are for the most part ignorant and theoretical in matters relating to insanity, and if not ignorant, then presuming, and often using the little knowledge we possess, rather with the intent to rescue thieves and murderers from the legal consequences of their crimes than to help the administration of justice. It is certainly a fact which many of us lament that the corporate bodies of the profession generally, including the general medical council, ignore the subject as a distinct department of medical education; and consequently medical practitioners, not being duly trained, do sometimes appear to great disadvantage in courts of law. Medical shortcomings are not, however, the subject of my paper, but certain fundamental defects in the principles and procedures of the law which render medico-mental science sometimes even worse than useless, and always less useful to the commonweal than it might be, if rightly adapted to the needs of modern society. Nor would it be difficult to show that some of the crime and folly which occupies our courts and fills our reformatories, prisons, workhouses, and lunatic asylums, is capable of prevention by a well-devised use of medico-mental science. As these matters are wholly beyond the powers of the profession, I shall ask leave to move at the close of the discussion that a committee be appointed, with power to take such steps as may be thought necessary to secure a thorough inquiry by the Government into the relations of medical science to the administration of the law in regard to all persons mentally disordered or defective, with a view to such improvements as may be practicable.

LEGAL ASPECTS OF FREEDOM OF CONSCIENCE AS THE RIGHT OF CHOICE BY THE SUBJECT OF LEGAL RELATIONS

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 185-189
Author(s):  
Воробьев ◽  
Sergey Vorobev
Keyword(s):  
Modern Society ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
Theoretical Argument ◽  
Individual Freedom ◽  
Freedom Of Conscience ◽  
Essential Components ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Right ◽  
Relationship Of

In the article the author discusses some approaches to the definition of freedom of conscience as a legal category. Freedom of conscience as legal basis for individual freedom in modern society is analyzed. Some aspects of the relationship of meaningful and essential components of freedom of conscience and individual freedom in legal state are presented. General theoretical argument of formation characteristics of freedom of conscience as a subjective right is given. The possibility and the need for inclusion of the category of freedom of conscience in the category of law; its definition is clarified with such a position. Conclusions are made about the diversity of freedom of conscience, multidimensional research and opportunities of formation of architectonic freedom of conscience as a legal category of law to choose the subject of legal relations.

scholarly journals Anonymous Witnesses in England and Wales: Charting a Course from Strasbourg?

2009 ◽  
Vol 73 (6) ◽  
pp. 508-529
Author(s):  
Jonathan Doak ◽  
Rebecca Huxley-Binns
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Fair Trial ◽  
Criminal Courts ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
High Profile ◽  
European Court ◽  
Legislative Framework ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Law ◽  
To Receive

The use of anonymous testimony in England and Wales has recently been the subject of a number of high-profile appellate decisions and legislative intervention. As the law currently stands, it is permissible for the criminal courts to receive such testimony, subject to certain safeguards. This article evaluates the position against the threshold for anonymous evidence laid down by the European Court of Human Rights. It is argued that such evidence is too readily admissible under the current legislative framework. As such, the rules regulating the use of anonymous testimony should be amended so that they comply fully with the fair trial rights of the accused.

scholarly journals DISTURBED PRECEDENTING OF THE LAW IN PRACTICE OF THE COURT OF BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Milan Blagojević
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Crimes Against Humanity ◽  
Criminal Sentencing ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
European Court ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Hague ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Republic

The subject of this paper is one model developed in practice of theCourt of Bosnia and Herzegovina, and it is related to unconstitutional retroactiveimplementation of incrimination crimes against humanity. Foundationsof this problem are laid in the decisions of Hague Tribunal, andthen in the decisions of the European Court for Human Rights. These decisionsare afterwards accepted without any critique in practice of the Courtof Bosnia and Herzegovina in criminal proceedings led regarding this incrimination.This is the model of disturbed precedenting of the law. In thepaper this problem has been clarified by the author on one case from theCourt practice, which unfortunately is not the only example in reality. Theessence of this problem is in the Court sentencing verdicts reached againstindividuals. Namely, assertions that widespread and systematic attackagainst civilian population is carried out by the Army and Police of the Republicof Srpska are expounded in these verdicts, but not confirmed by validproofs and arguments. This is the way for criminal sentencing of not onlyindividuals (natural persons) but the Republic of Srpska as well, withoutenabling it to defend itself from such unfounded accusations. When theCourt of Bosnia and Herzegovina is trying to find arguments for such verdictsin the decisions of the Hague Tribunal and in the decisions of theEuropean Court of Human Rights, it is defective since decisions of these internationalinstitutions are defective as well. All this in final can cause seriousconsequences against the Republic of Srpska, which (these consequences)can be not only of criminal nature but of constitutional nature aswell.

scholarly journals Improvement of the constitutional complaint as an instrument of human rights protection

2021 ◽  
pp. 9-13
Author(s):  
Kamil Prymakov ◽  
Yuliia Zakoveria
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Civil Rights ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Fundamental Rights ◽  
Human Rights Protection ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
European Court ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Law ◽  
Legal Forms

The activity of the European Court of Human Rights is investigated and the significance of the relevant practice of the European Court for the judicial practice of Ukraine is determined. It is emphasized, that a constitutional complaint serves as an effective means of protecting fundamental human rights, strengthening the rule of law and building democracy, which has already been tested in many countries around the world. The article notes that the institution of constitutional complaint significantly expands the possibilities of protecting citizens. In general, this institution is a kind of constitutional appeal, which should be understood as a written petition, submitted to the Court to review the constitutionality of the law of Ukraine (its constitutional provisions), which is used in the final court decision in the case of the subject of a constitutional rights complaint. The author also draws attention to the issues of advantages and disadvantages of a constitutional complaint and a constitutional appeal separately. Thus, one of the advantages of having a constitutional complaint is that the grounds for filing a constitutional complaint are a violation of fundamental human and civil rights. The advantages also include the fact that, unlike a constitutional appeal, which is a mechanism solely for interpreting a certain provision of the law, which excludes the possibility for individuals to apply to a constitutional justice body to declare regulations unconstitutional, a complaint directly provides such a right. However, at the same time, the model of the constitutional complaint, introduced in Ukraine on the subject, is an incomplete normative constitutional complaint, which is related to the consideration of a specific case. After all, according to it, only one type of normative legal act is subject to appeal, a law, and only the one that was applied during the trial of the person. It is stated, that ensuring the possibility of a person to take an active part in the control over the activities of higher state authorities, which is implemented in the relevant legal forms, provides grounds for recognizing a constitutional complaint as one of the modern institutions of democracy. In fact, a constitutional complaint is an effective procedural means to protect the fundamental rights and freedoms of citizens

scholarly journals ԱՇԽԱՏԱՆՔԱՅԻՆ ՎԵՃԵՐԻ ՔՆՆՈՒԹՅԱՆ ԵՎ ԼՈՒԾՄԱՆ ԴԱՏԱՎԱՐԱԿԱՆ ՊՐԱԿՏԻԿԱՆ / PROCEDURAL PRACTICE OF CONSIDERATION AND RESOLUTION OF LABOR DISPUTES

2021 ◽  
pp. 110-117
Author(s):  
A. Karakhanyan
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Labor Disputes ◽  
Foreign Experience ◽  
Legal Literature ◽  
European Court ◽  
Domestic Legislation ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Law

Սույն հոդվածի ուսումնասիրության առարկան հանդիսանում է աշխատանքային վեճերի քննության և լուծման դատավարական պրակտիկան: Վերջինիս վերաբերյալ իրավաբանական գրականությունում առկա տեսագործնական պատկերացումները ներկայացվել և քննարկվել են ինչպես ոլորտը կարգավորող ներպետական օրենսդրության, այնպես էլ օտարերկրյա փորձի տեսանկյունից: Վերլուծության է ենթարկվել նաև Մարդու իրավունքների եվրոպական դատարանի իրավակիրառ պրակտիկան, որի շրջանակներում փորձ է կատարվել բացահայտելու Եվրոպական դատարանի՝ աշխատանքային վեճեր լուծելու իրավասության հարցը: / The subject of this article is the procedural practice of consideration and resolution of labor disputes. In the legal literature, theoretical and practical ideas about the latter were presented and discussed both from the point of view of domestic legislation regulating the sphere, and from the point of view of foreign experience. The law enforcement practice of the European Court of Human Rights was also analyzed, in which an attempt was made to disclose the issue of the jurisdiction of the European Court for the settlement of labor disputes.

ИЗМЕНЕНИЕ ПАРАДИГМЫ МЕТОДОЛОГИИ ЮРИСПРУДЕНЦИИ

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 32-40
Author(s):  
Ю. М. Оборотов
Keyword(s):  
Legal Theory ◽  
Research Strategy ◽  
The State ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Methodological Question ◽  
Modern Development ◽  
Decisive Importance ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
The Law

В современной методологии юриспруденции происходит переход от изучения состо­яний ее объекта, которыми выступают право и государство, к постижению этого объек­та в его изменениях и превращениях. Две подсистемы методологии юриспруденции, подсистема обращенная к состоянию права и государства; и подсистема обращенная к изменениям права и государства, — получают свое отображение в концептуальной форме, методологических подходах, методах, специфических понятиях. Показательны перемены в содержании методологии юриспруденции, где определяю­щее значение имеют методологические подходы, определяющие стратегию исследова­тельских поисков во взаимосвязи юриспруденции с правом и государством. Среди наи­более характерных подходов антропологический, аксиологический, цивилизационный, синергетический и герменевтический — определяют плюралистичность современной методологии и свидетельствуют о становлении новой парадигмы методологии юриспру­денции.   In modern methodology of jurisprudence there is a transition from the study the states of its object to its comprehension in changes and transformations. Hence the two subsystems of methodology of jurisprudence: subsystem facing the states of the law and the state as well as their components and aspects; and subsystem facing the changes of the law and the state in general and their constituents. These subsystems of methodology of jurisprudence receive its reflection in conceptual form, methodological approaches, methods, specific concepts. Methodology of jurisprudence should not be restricted to the methodology of legal theory. In this regard, it is an important methodological question about subject of jurisprudence. It is proposed to consider the subject of jurisprudence as complex, covering both the law and the state in their specificity, interaction and integrity. Indicative changes in the content methodology of jurisprudence are the usage of decisive importance methodological approaches that govern research strategy searches in conjunction with the law and the state. Among the most characteristic of modern development approaches: anthropological, axiological, civilization, synergistic and hermeneutic. Modern methodology of jurisprudence is pluralistic in nature alleging various approaches to the law and the state. Marked approaches allow the formation of a new paradigm methodology of jurisprudence.

Without the Power to Drink or Contract

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-48
Author(s):  
Warren Swain
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Social Activity ◽  
Individual Responsibility ◽  
Roman Law ◽  
Current Position ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
The Will ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Law ◽  
Over Time

Intoxication as a ground to set aside a contract is not something that has proved to be easy for the law to regulate. This is perhaps not very surprising. Intoxication is a temporary condition of varying degrees of magnitude. Its presence does however raise questions of contractual autonomy and individual responsibility. Alcohol consumption is a common social activity and perceptions of intoxication and especially alcoholism have changed over time. Roman law is surprisingly quiet on the subject. In modern times the rules about intoxicated contracting in Scottish and English law is very similar. Rather more interestingly the law in these two jurisdictions has reached the current position in slightly different ways. This history can be traced through English Equity, the works of the Scottish Institutional writers, the rise of the Will Theory, and all leavened with a dose of judicial pragmatism.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document