Somatotype as a Component of the Biological Determinant of Mental Health

The paper summarizes the results of the studies devoted to the impact of a person's constitutional features on his or her mental state. According to many anthropologists, human constitution is characterized not only by a specifics of metabolism level (muscle, fat and bone components of the body) and by a susceptibility to certain types of diseases, but also by psychophysiological features. Since biological health, including mental health, is generally determined by genetic and hereditary factors, the authors of the paper examine the possibility of considering the somatotype as a component of the biological determinant of mental health. To create the concept of a personalized approach that takes into account the relationship of somatotype and psychophysiological indicators in the educational process, the authors propose to conduct a study of the students' constitutional characteristics in combination with psychological testing.

Types of morphofunctional structure of human body and possibilities of their using in ophthalmic research

The review analyzes literature data's on main issues related to clinical anthropology, which studies the individual typological variability of phenotype and biopsychological characteristics of patient's personality, taking into account differentiating factors to assess their clinical, pathogenetic, prognostic, and therapeutic significance. It is shown that using special tools and scales, clinical anthropology allows you to determine the quantitative and qualitative phenotypic characteristics of patient, the morphophenotype of constitution, its age, sex, normal and pathological variability in relation to clinical manifestations of the disease. The importance and prospects of using anthropometric research methods in clinical medicine to maximize individualization of approaches to diagnosis and treatment of various pathologies of body are shown. Key words: clinical anthropology, human constitution, somatotype, anthropometry.

Kant on the Ground of Human Dignity

Kant interpreters have contrasting views on what Kant takes to be the basis for human dignity. Several commentators have argued that human dignity can be traced back to some feature of human beings. Others contend that humans in themselves lack dignity, but dignity can be attributed to them because the moral law demands respect for humanity. I argue, alternatively, that human dignity in Kant’s system can be seen to be grounded in the reciprocal relationship between the dignity of the moral law and the dignity inherent in the human constitution. The latter includes the dignity of personhood, construed as rational inner purposiveness, and the dignity of giving oneself the law and striving to follow it.

Ser e estar em um mundo pandêmico: marcas da Covid-19 na subjetividade

Apresentamos um ensaio reflexivo, com base nos pressupostos sócio-históricos de conceituação de personalidade e identidade. Nessa perspectiva, a compreensão de qualquer fenômeno só pode ocorrer em sua totalidade e materialidade, em seu contexto histórico e social. Dessa forma, analisamos as marcas da pandemia, da Covid-19 e do isolamento social, na constituição humana; e de modo mais específico, no ser e estar no mundo pandêmico, imerso em contradições e potencialidades. Indicamos aspectos contraditórios que perpassam essa vivência e os modos como afetam subjetivamente cada um, nas dimensões coletiva e particular, em contextos diferenciados, entre eles: negação e medo; confiança e fé; barbárie e cuidado; necessidade e empoderamento. Para finalizar, apontamos a dimensão ético-política como caminho de ressignificação do mundo pandêmico e dos modos de nele ser e estar, pelo implicar-se solidariamente. Nesse caminho, refletir as possibilidades de compreensão da vivência humana que respeite a dignidade humana em suas diferentes dimensões. Subjective individual and social marks in the being as a result from the Covid-19 global pandemic We present a reflective essay, based on the socio-historical assumptions of conceptualization of personality and identity. In this perspective, the understanding of any phenomenon can only occur in its totality and materiality, in its historical and social context. In this way, we analyzed the marks of the Covid-19 pandemic and of social isolation, in the human constitution; and more specifically, in being in the pandemic world, immersed in contradictions and potentialities. We indicate contradictory aspects that permeate this experience and the ways in which they subjectively affect each one, in the collective and particular dimensions, in different contexts, among them: denial and fear; trust and faith; barbarism and care; need and empowerment. To conclude, we point out the ethical-political dimension as a way of giving new meaning to the pandemic world and of the ways of existing as personal and social beings in it, by getting involved in solidarity. In this way, we invite to reflect the possibilities of understanding human experience that respects human dignity in its different dimensions. Keywords: Subjectivity. Pandemic. Human formation. Ethical-political suffering.

Morphofunctional characteristics as criteria for sports selection in aerobics

The features of morphofunctional characteristics and their influence on sports selection in aerobics are analyzed in the article. Practical experience shows that the rapid training of athletes who specialize in aerobics depends on a certain type of physique. Therefore, today, there is a set of pedagogical and medical-biological criteria that determine the rapid training of athletes engaged in aerobics. In the course of numerous researches in the field of physical education and sports the morphological and functional indicators characterizing the fast-trained athletes specializing in aerobics have been revealed. The peculiarities of the human constitution attract the attention of researchers in studying the factors of success of activity in sports of higher achievements. Among the large number of constitutional indicators, the morphofunctional features of the athlete's body are of the greatest interest. They affect the manifestation of strength, flexibility, speed, endurance, performance and adaptation of the organism to different environmental conditions, the speed of recovery after physical and mental stress. Practical experience shows that the rapid training of athletes who specialize in aerobics depends on a certain type of physique. Therefore, today, there is a set of pedagogical and medical-biological criteria that determine the rapid training of athletes engaged in aerobics. At our time, the good is the sound of the health of people with social and economic development, science and technology progress and their access. On an economically and socially disadvantaged march, the flow of information, lower activity, and the greater loss of psychological and emotional strength are greater, which is more burdensome and weaker health. Pedagogical criteria for sports selection allow you to divide athletes who specialize in aerobics into fast and slow training, with significant differences in morphological performance.

Constitutional psychic human qualities influence on the clinical picture of reflex neurological cervical spine disorders

Objective - to study the constitutional psychic human qualities influence on the symptoms without pain in clinical picture of reflex neurological cervical spine disorders (RNCSD). Methods and subjects. 93 patients (18-44 years old) were examined by clinical-anamnestic, clinical-functional (vertebroneurological), clinical-neurological methods. A.M. Vein’s questionnaire was used and his others diagnostic approaches. Psychic functions of human constitution were studied by temperament type determining with using Eysenck’s EPQ questionnaire. All patients had RNCSD as cervicocranialgia, cervicalgia and cervicobrachialgia. Results and discussion. Muscle-tonic disturbances in the cervical spine segments were morpho-functional basis for RNCSD and clinical symptoms were formed for all sicks from this study. RNCSD characterized by symptoms without pain in clinical picture, except pain. There are pain sensitivity and tactile sensitivity disturbances in the cervical spine segments and dizziness and lack of coordination. Constitutional psychic human qualities were examined and pointed domination temperament types among ills with RNCSD. It are choleric and melancholic temperament types. Differentiation clinical pecularitіes were determined for every temperament type. Constitutional psychic human qualities influence on the forming, many symptoms, expression and hard course RNCSD. Worser being have ills with cervicalgia, cervicocranialgia, cervicobrachialgia whith melancholic and choleric temperament types. Better being and course of RNCSD have sicks with sanguine and phlegmatic temperament types. For treatment and preventions there disorders should considere temperament types. Studies about constitutional approach are relevant. Conclusions. Constitutional psychic human qualities which including in temperament influenced on the clinical picture of RNCSD. It create clinical structure and add different tints to sympthoms coloring. Constitutional psychic human quality can use as predictors of burden cource, choose criteries of treatment and prevention for patients with RNCSD.