Dyeing of Jute Fabrics with Prodigiosin Produced from Sago Waste and their Applications

Synthetic dyes are hazardous to the environment and humans due to their toxic and recalcitrant nature. Hence, the present study attempts to produce eco-friendly dye from the sago industrial waste using S. marcescens SS1. The dye produced by the bacterial bioconversion of sago was characterized by GC-MS and obtained 13.423 acquisition time, which is similar to the standard prodigiosin. The effects of the dyeing parameters were optimized for Jute fabric using tannic acid as a pre mordant, the maximum uptake of dye was observed at 80 °C, pH 7, 60 mins with the K/S of 6.6. The minimum K/S value of 3.9 was observed at 65 °C, pH 3 in 45 min. Better colour fastness was observed in prodigiosin with mordant compared to without mordant. The antimicrobial activity of dyed fabric was tested against a few pathogenic bacteria and it showed maximum activity against P. aeruginosa. The dye extracted from S. marcescens SS1 prodigiosin was found to be an effective dyeing agent and also pose antimicrobial properties.

Fabrication and Characterization of Composite Materials Using Multiple Waste Materials (Leather & Jute Fabrics) and Unsaturated Polyester Resin

Now a days environment is getting polluted due to different types of manmade reasons than ever for extreme use of synthetic materials. Various kinds of waste materials from numerous industries are also enhancing this. So, Utilization of waste materials and reduction of synthetic materials will definitely subside the environmental pollution. In this research, waste jute fabric and leather waste (cow hides) were used as reinforcing agent and unsaturated polyester resin (UPR) as matrix to prepare environmental friendly composite materials. Hand-lay up method was conducted to fabricate composite materials. Different percentages of waste leather and used jute fabrics were used with the UPR. Improved mechanical properties, tensile strength (TS), tensile modulus (TM), and percentage elongation at break (EB) were observed with the certain percentage of waste materials. Composites were also characterised by the scanning electron microscope (SEM) and fourier transform infrared (FTIR).

Characterization of 3D Printing on Jute Fabrics

This work evaluates the feasibility to manufacture polylactic acid (PLA) composites using jute fiber fabrics. For characterization, PLA-fused filament was successfully deposed onto jute fabrics to print dog-bone tensile specimens (Type I specimen from ASTM D638). The jute fabrics were chemically modified, treated with flame retardant additives, and sprayed with aerosol adhesive to improve the mechanical properties of PLA/Jute fabric composites. The elastic modulus and the strength of PLA were higher than PLA composites, and the plastic deformation of the PLA composites was slightly lower than PLA. Tomography scans revealed the fabrics were well oriented and some adherence between jute fabrics and PLA. Viscoelastic properties of PLA composites resulted in the reduction in storage modulus and the reduction in intensity in the damping factor attributed to segmental motions with no variations in the glass transition temperature. Flame retardant and spray adhesive on jute fabrics promoted better response to time of burning than PLA and PLA with modified fibers. The results presented in this work lead to the need for a more detailed investigation of the effect of plant fiber fabrics as reinforcement of 3D printed objects for industrial applications.

ON THE EFFECT OF A GAS DISCHARGE ON THE PROPERTIES OF JUTE

The article considers the influence of high-frequency capacitive discharge on the mechanical proper-ties of jute fibres and jute fabrics. The surface changes of jute fibres were studied by scanning electron atomic force microscopy. The authors noted that after exposure to a gas discharge on the fibres, there is a smoothing of the relief boundaries, and the products of etching of the fibre surface are also visible; when etching in the air, destructed areas appear, the surface is damaged and becomes inhomogeneous. An increase in the strength of jute fibres during modification in reactive and inert gases was revealed. During the experiments, it was found that the strength of the samples of jute fibres treated in the high-frequency capacitive discharge in the argon and nitrogen medium is higher than the original fibre samples by an average of 23 %. According to experimental data, an increase in the breaking load of jute fabrics was found to be up to 20% on average. The use of plasma modification at the stage of preparation of jute fibres for carding processes is recommended.

Electro-physical properties of jute fabrics in a condition of high humidity - Effect of fabric chemical composition and coating with Cu-based nanoparticles

The electro-physical properties of raw and chemically modified jute fabrics were studied as complex phenomena of the interaction between the fabrics’ chemical composition, crystallinity, moisture sorption, COOH group content, structural characteristics, and frequency of the electric field. At 80% relative air humidity, all chemically modified jute fabrics have 38–179% and 1.7–5.4 times higher dielectric loss tangent and effective relative dielectric permeability compared to unmodified, respectively. To further improve these properties, fabrics were treated with CuSO4 and Cu-based nanoparticles were in situ synthesized on their surface by reduction. A few single Cu-based nanoparticles were observed across the alkali modified fabric’s surface, while single and agglomerated nanoparticles were distributed over the oxidatively modified fabric’s surface. No matter whether metallic Cu or copper oxide (Cu2O or CuO) nanostructures (or their mixtures) are synthesized (proven by XRD), excellent fabrics’ effective relative dielectric permeability is guaranteed. In other words, during the exploitation in specific conditions contributing to copper reduction, the jute fabrics will be able to store 21–163 times more energy from an external electric field than before the exploitation, which further extended their lifetime. On the other hand, with increasing the total content of Cu after the reduction and formation of single and agglomerated Cu-based nanoparticles, the movement of jute structural components’ molecules becomes difficult resulting in lower energy dissipation within the chemically modified than within unmodified fabric. Applied chemical modification and coating with Cu-based nanoparticles enables designing fabrics with predictable electro-physical properties, which is very important from the application point of view.

Engineered Jute Bags for Storing Food Grains within Harrington’s Safe Zone of Seed Moisture Content

<p>Harrington’s thumb rule states that for every 1% increase in seed moisture content (SMC), seed lifetime decreases by 50%. Thus, to avoid post-harvest grain losses, stored seeds must be insulated from water. Although the jute bags typically used to store grains afford an ecofriendly, durable, and low-cost storage solution, their hydrophilic nature makes them vulnerable to wetting from airborne humidity and precipitation events. To address this issue, we treated jute fabrics with alkali and wax to render them water-repellent. A 2-month seed storage experiment revealed that wax-coated jute bags (WCJBs) outperformed control jute bags (CJBs) at safeguarding wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i>) grains exposed to 55%–98% relative humidity. Specifically, grains stored in WCJBs exhibited 15%–50% less SMC than grains stored in CJBs, which led to a 21%–66% enhancement in the germination efficacy of WCJB-stored seeds. This engineering solution could enhance the potential of jute bags to reduce post-harvest losses.</p>

Engineered Jute Bags for Storing Food Grains within Harrington’s Safe Zone of Seed Moisture Content

<p>Harrington’s thumb rule states that for every 1% increase in seed moisture content (SMC), seed lifetime decreases by 50%. Thus, to avoid post-harvest grain losses, stored seeds must be insulated from water. Although the jute bags typically used to store grains afford an ecofriendly, durable, and low-cost storage solution, their hydrophilic nature makes them vulnerable to wetting from airborne humidity and precipitation events. To address this issue, we treated jute fabrics with alkali and wax to render them water-repellent. A 2-month seed storage experiment revealed that wax-coated jute bags (WCJBs) outperformed control jute bags (CJBs) at safeguarding wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i>) grains exposed to 55%–98% relative humidity. Specifically, grains stored in WCJBs exhibited 15%–50% less SMC than grains stored in CJBs, which led to a 21%–66% enhancement in the germination efficacy of WCJB-stored seeds. This engineering solution could enhance the potential of jute bags to reduce post-harvest losses.</p>