Existentialising existence theory and expanding the sociology of existential milestones

This paper responds to the ‘existence theory’ proposed by Baert, Morgan and Ushiyama. It considers their proposals in light of two main thematics: the general account of human existence, and the more empirical sociology of existential milestones. Both elements are appraised in light of existentialist philosophy and earlier attempts at ‘existentialist sociology’. It is suggested that the authors engage with generational theory, and also give an account of the commodification of significant life-stages by the milestones culture industry.

Not only scholarships

This paper deals with the Ford Foundation’s support for sociology in Poland, especially with its influence on the development of the social research in this country. It is based on materials from both American and local archives—sources which have never before been combined. The role of the Ford scholarships for Polish scholars is relatively well known, but this paper covers two less known aspects of the Foundation’s activity—funding American sociologists’ visits to Poland and the material support for local libraries and statistical laboratories. The American visitors were neither numerous, nor was their role particularly significant, except one: Herbert Menzel, who spent almost a year in Poland, helping to spread the know-how of quantitative social research. The Ford Foundation also supported libraries and helped to equip the statistical research lab of the Institute of Sociology of the Polish Academy of Science, tripling the technical base of quantitative social re­search in this country. Although Polish empirical sociology was successful and Poland became the center of empirical research in Eastern Europe for a while, Poles were hardly able to spread it all over the region on their own, as they were dependent on Western support.

Features of sociological diagnostics of russian police and its media representation in the aspect of improving management quality

The article considers theoretical and applied assessment of Russian police sociological diagnostics. In Russian society there is a problem of improving efficiency of internal affairs bodies management system, overcoming formalism, voluntarism, bureaucratization and other negative effects. In this article there are analyzed the general theoretical aspects of sociological diagnostics integration into the management practice of internal affairs bodies, the possibilities and limitations of quantitative and qualitative methodology of empirical analysis. The police is treated as a local and integrated institution of the institutional system, simultaneously represented in the social consciousness by the means of traditional and new media resources. The article presents the results of research investigation and methodological-oriented empirical study aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of internal affairs bodies management system, as well as searching for weaknesses of sociological diagnostic system. The conclusion is formulated as follows: the symbiosis of quantitative and qualitative empirical sociology (based on theoretical and methodological constructs of positivism and phenomenology) allows establishment of feedback with the controlled object.

Socjologiczno-prawne badania prestiżu prawa

<p class="DomylneA"><span lang="EN-US">The prestige of law is one of the most crucial issues addressed in the sociology of law. The awareness of the degree of acceptance of the law by its addressees is a fu</span><span lang="EN-US">n</span><span lang="EN-US">damental factor in the introduction of possible changes in the legal system.</span><span lang="EN-US">The notion of “prestige of law” was intr</span><span lang="EN-US">o</span><span lang="EN-US">duced to empirical sociology by Adam Podgórecki in the research he conducted in Poland in 1964.</span><span lang="EN-US">A new perspective in the study was to go beyond classical socio-demographic variables and put an emphasis on personality variables. It was also one of the first such studies internatio</span><span lang="EN-US">n</span><span lang="EN-US">ally. In the fifty years that have passed since A</span><span lang="EN-US">.</span><span lang="EN-US"> Podgórecki’s research, similar studies, even using exactly the same que</span><span lang="EN-US">s</span><span lang="EN-US">tions, have been repeated many times in both nation-wide and local studies. It should be assumed that the changes taking place in Poland and in the consciousness of its citizens during that time, such as the change of the system, increasing civil rights and fre</span><span lang="EN-US">e</span><span lang="EN-US">doms, Poland’s accession to international organizations, etc., </span><span lang="EN-US">might</span><span lang="EN-US"> be reflected in the increasing level of the prestige of law. But did it happen? Unfortunately not. The analysis of empirical research devoted to the prestige of law in the following article, especially after the political tran</span><span lang="EN-US">s</span><span lang="EN-US">formation that took place in 1989, but also nowadays, is an attempt to explain the reasons for its persistently low level.</span></p>

EKSISTENSI HUKUM ADAT PERKAWINAN MASYARAKAT BAYAN DI KABUPATEN LOMBOK UTARA

The Bayan villagers are known as the Bayan Indigenous Peoples, where in their lives, they always apply customary law rules without abandoning state and religious law, one of which is related to marriage. This study aims to determine and analyze the existence of customary law in the aspects of the social and cultural life of the Bayan Village community and what factors are supporting and inhibiting the existence of customary law in the socio-cultural aspect of the Bayan Village community. The approach used is a qualitative approach with an empirical sociology method. The sampling technique is the Purposive Sampling technique. Sources of data in this study are primary and secondary data sources. To collect research data observation, interview, documentation and literature study techniques are used. Furthermore, the data that has been obtained from the field are analyzed by comparison, then analyzed to draw generalizations or conclusions. This research concludes that up to now the Bayan community has always carried out traditional marriages with a marriage system called Mulang, which in the process began with the Mulang implementation, which at the peak of the event was carried out by the Customary Marriage tradition. This proves that until now the existence of customary law in the socio-cultural life of the community is still strong. The factors that support the existence of customary law in life are: 1) The concept of life of the Bayan community, 2) The existence of Bayan adat institutions in overseeing Bayan customary law, and 3) The strict sanctions of customary law that apply to Bayan villagers. Furthermore, in general fatktor that impedes it is the desire of local people to change their living systems and the lack of Bayan young people who respect the value of customs.

Sociology and Philosophy: Inseparable and Non-Merged. The Birth of Marxist Sociology from the Spirit of Bolshevism. Part 1

This article discusses the problem of the relationship between sociology and philosophy in 1920’s Soviet Russia, the result of which was the birth of “Marxist sociology” and its approval in the 1930’s. In the first part of the article, the problem becomes more acute in the question of whether there was any sociology in the USSR during those years. It is argued that the answer to it cannot be unconditional and unequivocal, because much depends on what was considered to be “sociology” at the time. In this regard, the thesis about the existence of “empirical sociology” in the 1920’s is questioned. The article briefly highlights the original meaning of the concept of “sociology”, the history of its existence in the Russian Empire. It analyzes how the trends of “philosophical nihilism” in the early years of Soviet government were reflected in its interpretation. The task is set not only to describe the historically and socio-culturally conditioned changes in the meaning of the term “sociology” in the 1920’s, but also to determine the factors that influenced them from the perspective of sociology of knowledge. In this regard, the key yet negative role of Vladimir Lenin in the history of domestic social thought is considered.

Interaction of Empirical Sociology and Statistics: Military-Sociological Research

Currently, sociology and statistics are unique sciences, which is a source of social information and current scientific knowledge. In the process of studying society, sociology and statistics function simultaneously, and during such interaction they «meet» in the field of social research. The subject of sociology is exclusively focused on the study of various aspects and problems of society. In recent years, based on the urgent need to protect the independence of our country and restore its territorial integrity in the context of armed aggression of the Russian Federation, the role and importance of applied military-sociological research has grown significantly. Among the specialists in the field there is a lack of scientific works on the study of problems of interaction, interconnections, complementarity, the issues of the use of similar or transformed similar methodological and practical tools, which are used at the same time in applied military-sociological researches and in the field of social statistics. The purpose of the article is to highlight the key aspects and issues regarding the interdisciplinary interaction of empirical sociology and statistics in particular areas of scientific knowledge of these scientific and applied fields of research, at different levels of generalization, methodological approaches, tools and more. This interaction is considered in this article by sociology, first of all, in the field of applied military-sociological researches, which in recent years are beginning to occupy a proper place in the spectrum of the general research field, in which modern scientists and specialists of Ukraine work fruitfully. Nowadays, at the junction of sociology and statistics, sociological and statistical surveys are introduced, as well as monitoring studies, the result of which, in addition to improving social knowledge in general, is the formation of a new type of information — social and statistical data, which integrates qualitative and quantitative characteristics of sociological and statistical direction. Scientifically based national applied military-sociological researches, which generally develop in unity and complementarity with sociological and statistical methodology and practice, should play their role in solving this pressing problem in their own sphere of application.

Philosophy and Social Science: Introducing Bourdieu and Passeron

This text derives from a recording, and transcripts, of the introduction which Althusser gave on 6 December 1963, to a seminar for students in the École Normale Supérieure, Paris, offered at his invitation by Pierre Bourdieu and Jean-Claude Passeron. Althusser takes the opportunity to raise questions about the status of social science and suggests that Bourdieu and Passeron represent slightly different strands of contemporary research practice, partly as a result of their different formation and practice since themselves leaving the École. Althusser first considers the relation between the human sciences and the traditionally instituted Faculty of Letters or Humanities. What is the origin of the compulsion to constitute a science of human relations? Given that the social sciences have established themselves, Althusser then tries to define their nature. He suggests that they have three forms: as abstract and general theory, as ethnology, and as empirical sociology. He discusses the pros and cons of each in some detail. Althusser then asks what are the features which constitute sciences and concludes that they must always possess discrete theoretical perspectives corresponding with discrete components of reality but must also possess an element of self-referentiality or, as he puts it, must be objects to themselves. Althusser suggests that his contemporary social sciences are not philosophically adequate by the criteria which he advances. He proceeds to introduce Bourdieu and Passeron in such a way as to invite consideration of whether their practices meet his criteria.