New measurement of the β-spectrum of 210Bi with a silicon 4πβ-spectrometer

The shape of 210Bi β-spectrum was measured using a spectrometer based on Si(Li) detectors with a 4π geometry. Full absorption spectrometer allows for a direct measurement of the β-spectra without using the electron backscattering corrections for the response function. The measured value of nuclear shape factor C(W)=1+(-0.4378±0.0072)W+ (0.0526±0.0021) W2 is in agreement with the results of previous studies.

Growth, survivorship, and predator avoidance capability of larval shortnose sturgeon (Acipenser brevirostrum) in response to delayed feeding

Larval shortnose sturgeon, reared at 17°C, were subjected to delayed feeding treatments of 0, 5, 10, 15, 18, and 23 days post-yolk absorption to examine effects of food deprivation on growth, survival, swimming activity, and escape capabilities. Starvation affected growth and survival but despite degree of starvation, larvae were able to resume growth and experience high survivorship following feeding. Specific growth rate based on larval dry weight for the period directly following first feeding was highest for the day 15 and 18 delayed feeding treatments. There were no differences in survival between the 0 and 5 day treatments, however survival was reduced to 71.2%, 45.4%, and 28.8% for 10, 15, and 18 day delayed feeding treatments, respectively. Shortnose sturgeon had a point-of-no-return (PNR; 55.7% initiated feeding) at ~19 days (or 42 days post-fertilization) following the full absorption of yolk. Mean percent swimming activity and swimming speeds showed an interaction between delayed feeding treatment and larval age, such that no differences were detected at 1 and 6 days post-yolk absorption, while these swimming behaviors generally increased or spiked as feeding was delayed for 10, 15, and 18 days post-yolk absorption. At 23 days post-yolk absorption, only swimming speed increased for larvae that were denied food for 18 days. While there was an interaction between delayed feeding treatments and age for proportion of larvae exhibiting an escape response, generally, larvae from all feeding treatments exhibited a positive escape response. There were also interactions between delayed feeding treatments and age post-yolk absorption for mean and maximum escape speeds, such that less aggressive escape responses were typically detected the longer larvae were denied food. Our research suggests that larval shortnose sturgeon increase physical activity during periods of starvation to find a food patch while remaining vigilant but maybe not as capable to defend against a predatory attack as fed individuals.

Augmenting Photosynthesis through Facile AIEgen-Chloroplast Conjugation and Efficient Solar Energy Utilization

<p>Photosynthesis is regarded as the foundation for sustaining planet living, and light-harvesting is the initial step of photosystems and activates the subsequent photochemical reactions. However, the incomplete match between the solar radiation spectrum and absorption profile of chloroplasts limited the full absorption and utilization of sunlight by the photosynthetic pigments. Here, we designed two new aggregation-induced emission (AIE)-active molecules with activated alkyl groups (TPE-PPO and TPA-TPO), and realized the substantial manipulation of live chloroplasts via facile metal-free “Click” reaction. Owing to the matched photophysical properties, the AIE luminogens (AIEgens) could harvest harmful ultraviolet radiation (HUVR) and photosynthetically inefficient radiation (PIR), and further convert them into photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) for chloroplasts absorption. As a result, the AIEgen-chloroplasts bioconjugation exhibited better capability of water splitting and election separation for adenosine triphosphate (ATP) generation, which are important processes in photosynthesis. This is the first AIEgen-based conjugation strategy reported for improving solar-energy utilization and augmenting photosynthetic efficiency.<b></b></p>

Augmenting Photosynthesis through Facile AIEgen-Chloroplast Conjugation and Efficient Solar Energy Utilization

<p>Photosynthesis is regarded as the foundation for sustaining planet living, and light-harvesting is the initial step of photosystems and activates the subsequent photochemical reactions. However, the incomplete match between the solar radiation spectrum and absorption profile of chloroplasts limited the full absorption and utilization of sunlight by the photosynthetic pigments. Here, we designed two new aggregation-induced emission (AIE)-active molecules with activated alkyl groups (TPE-PPO and TPA-TPO), and realized the substantial manipulation of live chloroplasts via facile metal-free “Click” reaction. Owing to the matched photophysical properties, the AIE luminogens (AIEgens) could harvest harmful ultraviolet radiation (HUVR) and photosynthetically inefficient radiation (PIR), and further convert them into photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) for chloroplasts absorption. As a result, the AIEgen-chloroplasts bioconjugation exhibited better capability of water splitting and election separation for adenosine triphosphate (ATP) generation, which are important processes in photosynthesis. This is the first AIEgen-based conjugation strategy reported for improving solar-energy utilization and augmenting photosynthetic efficiency.<b></b></p>

RELATIVE PRINCIPLE OF FULL ABSORPTION

The paper discusses the principle of complete absorption, which plays the same role in relational theory as the principle of equivalence in general relativity and the principle of waveparticle duality in quantum theory. The physical essence of this principle boils down to the fact that a sufficiently large number of particles must be present in the Universe so that complete absorption of radiation from any source is possible. This implies complete equivalence, from the experimental point of view, of direct interparticle interaction and the interaction carried by a local field in spacetime. It is noted that in its classical interpretation the Fokker variational principle, on which the theory of direct interparticle interaction is based, contains a dilemma caused by two mutually contradictory necessary properties of the interaction action. One of the options for overcoming this dilemma is proposed.

INTERFERENCE IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF ARABIC VOCABULARY (A MORPHOLOGICAL REVIEW)

Purpose: This study aims to describe the forms of Arabic language interference on terminologies in the domains of science, technology, and art. Methodology: The study was conducted morphophonologically using descriptive-analytical research methods. The descriptive-analytic research method was used to facilitate the achievement of goals specified in this study. The data findings were reviewed using the distributional method. Main Findings: The study found that language interference is an aspect of vocabulary development and enrichment, which requires harmonization of speech sounds. The results showed that in the Arabic language, interference produced partial absorption and full absorption. Phonologically, partial absorption occurred through the absorption of sound elements at the beginning or end of a word. Applications: Understanding the issue of language transfer in the development of Arabic vocabulary is useful for non- native Arabic speakers. The findings can also help Arabic teachers revise their teachings methods accordingly. Novelty/Originality of this study: This study contributed to a better understanding of the forms of phonological interference of foreign languages into the Arabic language. These forms can be represented as partial absorption, total absorption, and sound change. While in morphological forms, interference causes different developments of word patterns from classical Arabic.

MORPHO-PHONOLOGICAL OF LOANWORDS IN LAMPUNG LANGUAGE FROM ARABIC

The purpose of this discussion is to find out the process of changing loanwords and the form or type of loanwords that occur. The research method used is a descriptive method. This methodology focuses more on the “what” of the research subject rather than the “why” of the research subject. Data collection used in this study is content analysis and library techniques from literature sources such as dictionaries. Data analysis used in this study is the translational equivalent method. The results of this study found that the loanwords on Lampung language from Arabic through morphophonological processes in the form of sound attenuation, sound reinforcement, sound relaxation, addition of sound, reduction of multiple consonants, dissimilation, and aferesis. Then, the types of loanwords produced by the Lampung language from Arabic Language are in the form of full absorption patterns, partial absorption and pronunciation adjusment. This study contributes to the wealth of linguistic studies, especially Arabic and Lampung language which are widely spoken by the local community.

Matching Revenues and Costs: The Counter-Intuitive Rationality of Direct Costing

This study investigates the consequences of adopting two simple sets of rules the manager can consider as perfectly rational and follow in his decisions regarding price, volume and mix of the various products. The first set follows the full (absorption) costing method logic, while the second is based on the direct (variable, marginal) costing method logic. It shows that costing systems adopting the full-costing method can lead management to make non-rational decisions regarding the setting of prices, acceptance of orders, make or buy choices and, above all, determination of the optimal production mix through programming and budgeting. On the other hand, using the direct costing method allows the manager to achieve rational results during the decision-making and planning phases, even if these often appear counter-intuitive when compared with the results achieved using the full costing method, which seem to conform to na&iuml;ve intuition. The risk in the latter case is even more serious when we are dealing with multi-production firms operating under conditions of limited production capacity regarding one or more factors, as occurs most of the time. The demonstration of the thesis of the superiority of direct costing method rules in management decisions related to the problem of the matching costs and revenues is carried out with numerical evidence, formulating a set of decision problems that are solved by comparing the results obtained both with the full costing method rules and with the direct costing method rules.