“A STUDY OF CORRELATION BETWEEN CLINICAL FEATURES, RADIOLOGICAL FINDINGS AND SPIROMETRY PARAMETERS IN PATIENTS OF BRONCHIECTASIS”

INTRODUCTION: Bronchiectasis is dened as an irreversible dilation and destruction of one or more bronchi with a reduction in clearance of secretions and in the expiratory airow. Etiologies include prior lung infection, systemic inammatory disorders, and genetic disorders of host defense. METHODOLOGY: This is an Observational study of 160 patients patient who were diagnosed with Bronchiectasis in tertiary health care centre over a period of 15 months. Data was collected and analyzed for correlation between clinical features, radiological ndings and spirometry parameters. RESULT: Mean age of presentation was 21-30 years. Most important etiology was post-infections, pulmonary tuberculosis followed by pneumonia. The cardinal symptoms of bronchiectasis were productive cough followed by dyspnoea on exertion. The most common bacteria isolated from sputum culture was Haemophilus Inuenzae. The commonest radiological pattern of bronchiectasis was cylindrical followed by cystic and varicose. Most of the patients had obstructive pattern in spirometry tests. CONCLUSION: Radiological ndings and spirometry test are more valuable for early and accurate diagnosis of bronchiectasis which help in early and prompt management. Cases of bronchiectasis have repeated history of admissions in the hospital thus all options of treatment including surgical intervention must be taken into consideration for good quality life and healthy.

Breathing resistance in heat and moisture exchanging devices

The purpose of this study was to investigate the resistance to breathing (RES) in heat and moisture exchanging devices (HME) intended for use during physical activity in the cold. RES was investigated for seventeen HMEs, including different types of filters. In addition, the influence of headwind on RES was tested using four representative HMEs. HMEs were mounted to the face of an artificial head manufactured from ABS plastic. The HMEs were connected to a mechanical lung simulator, which delivered standardised inspiratory and expiratory air flow rates ([Formula: see text], L/s). The delta pressure (Δ p, Pa) between ambient air and the air inside the HME was measured, whereupon RES was calculated. The results showed significant ( p < 0.05) differences in RES between HMEs from different manufacturers, while the difference was smaller, and in some cases not significant ( p > 0.05), between different models/filters within the same brand. The results also showed that RES was highly influenced by different ventilations and headwind conditions. RES increased with increased [Formula: see text] and, when a headwind was introduced, RES decreased during inspiration and increased during expiration. Calculations showed that the oxygen and energy cost for breathing through an HME was very small for most of the tested models. The effect of HME dead space on pulmonary gas fractions depends on the tidal volume. At large tidal volumes and ventilations, the effect of HMEs on pulmonary gas fractions becomes relatively small.

ASPECTS OF VERIFICATION OF RADIATION DIAGNOSTICS OF CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE LUNG DISEASE

During the examination of 60 patients with long-term (chronic) cough and shortness of breath using standard and digital radiography, as well as computed tomography, 21 patients were verified to have chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Differentiated chronic obstructive pulmonary disease based on the clinical and radiological symptom complex, indicating damage to the small bronchi. A symptom of an expiratory "air trap" in combination with the expansion and deformation of the bronchi of various calibers, up to bronchioelectasis, was a diagnostic symptom for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease during computed tomography.

Membandingkan Kejadian Gangguan Gastrointestinal Penggunaan Aminofilin dan Salbutamol pada Pasien Eksaserbasi Asma di Surabaya

Abstract—Asthma is a heterogeneous disease, which is characterized by inflammation of the respiratory tract with respiratory classification such as wheezing, shortness of breath, distress in the chest and coughing over time and intensity with variations in expiratory air flow. In Indonesia the prevalence of asthma is uncertain, it is not estimated that 2-5% of Indonesia's population has asthma. The main objective of this study is to study gastrointestinal-related cases of the use of aminophylline and salbutamol in asthma exacerbation patients in hospitals in Surabaya and also to discuss gastrointestinal problems related to ADRs (Bad Drug Reactions) using the use of aminophylline and salbutamol on Naranjo scale. In this study using the Quasi Experimental method. This research was conducted in October 2014 to February 2015. The results of the study of 7 samples obtained 14.29% using ADR from the use of aminophylline and from 13 patients in the use of salbutamol was not found ADR can be used in accordance with the existing salbutamol in patients with asthma exacerbations at hospitals in Surabaya. The general benefits of this study are useful in monitoring the treatment of acute asthma patients who need salbutamol and theophylline therapy so as to reduce the incidence of ADR. Abstrak—Asma merupakan penyakit heterogen, yang ditandai dengan peradangan saluran napas kronis dengan disertai riwayat gejala pernapasan seperti mengi, sesak napas, rasa tertekan di dada dan batuk dari waktu ke waktu dan intensitas dengan variasi keterbatasan aliran udara ekspirasi. Di Indonesia prevalensi asma belum diketahui secara pasti, namun diperkirakan 2-5 % penduduk Indonesia menderita asma. Tujuan utama penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui perbedaan kejadian gangguan gastrointestinal pada penggunaan aminofilin dan salbutamol pada pasien eksaserbasi asma di Rumah Sakit di Surabaya serta mengetahui kejadian gangguan gastrointestinal terkait ADRs (Adverse Drug Reaction) akibat penggunaan aminofilin dan salbutamol berdasarkan penilaian Naranjo scale. Pada penelitian ini menggunakan metode Quasi Eksperimental. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan Oktober 2014 sampai Februari 2015. Hasil penelitian dari 7 sampel diperoleh 14,29% mengalami ADR dari penggunaan aminofilin dan dari 13 pasien pada pengguanaan salbutamol tidak ditemukan ADR sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa tidak ada perbedaan kejadian gangguan gastrointestinal pada penggunaan aminofilin dan salbutamol pada pasien eksaserbasi asma di Rumah Sakit di Surabaya. Manfaat umum dari penelitian ini adalah berguna dalam monitoring pengobatan pasien asma akut terutama yang mendapat terapi salbutamol dan teofilin sehingga dapat mengurangi angka kejadian ADR.

Levels of Carbon Monoxide Expiratory Air on Shisha Users and the Factors Affecting

Background: Shisha is one method of consuming tobacco similar to cigarette but in a different form. Lately it became a trend in Indonesian people, especially teenagers, without knowing any hazards contained in shisha which could cause cancer or even death. Lack of study about shisha in Indonesia was the main reason to do this study so further impact of shisha could be understood. Methodology: This study was analytical observational with cross sectional design. Data of this study was obtained from examination using CO analyzer and from questionnaire filling by respondents from the shisha Bogor community and smokers in Bogor. Results: Among 60 samples we obtained mean expiratory air CO levels of 8,62 ppm for smokers and 20,67 ppm for shisha users. There were also a significant correlation between shisha consumption duration per times and CO expiratory air levels, with P-value of 0,004 and odds ratio 12,52. Conclusion: Expiratory air CO levels in shisha users were higher than smokers, also there were a significant correlation between shisha consumption duration per times and the increasing levels of expiratory air CO. (J Respir Indo 2019; 39(1))

Microbiota stability in healthy individuals after single-dose lactulose challenge – a randomized controlled study

Background and aimsLactulose is a common food ingredient and widely used as a treatment for constipation or hepatic encephalopathy and a substrate for hydrogen breath tests. Lactulose is fermented by the colon microbiota resulting in the production of hydrogen (H2). H2is a substrate for enteropathogens includingSalmonellaTyphimurium (S. Typhimurium) and increased H2production upon lactulose ingestion might favor the growth of H2-consuming enteropathogens. We aimed to analyze effects of single-dose lactulose ingestion on the growth of intrinsicEscherichia coli(E. coli), which can be efficiently quantified by plating and which share most metabolic requirements withS. Typhimurium.Methods32 healthy volunteers (18 females, 14 males) were recruited. Participants were randomized for single-dose ingestion of 50 g lactulose or 50 g sucrose (controls). After ingestion, H2in expiratory air and symptoms were recorded. Stool samples were acquired at days −1, 1 and 14. We analyzed 16S microbiota composition and abundance and characteristics ofE.coliisolates.ResultsLactulose ingestion resulted in diarrhea in 14/17 individuals. In 14/17 individuals, H2-levels in expiratory air increased by ≥20 ppm within 3 hours after lactulose challenge. H2-levels correlated with the number of defecations within 6 hours.E. coliwas detectable in feces of all subjects (2 x 102- 109CFU/g). However, the number ofE.colicolony forming units (CFU) on selective media did not differ between any time point before or after challenge with sucrose or lactulose. The microbiota composition also remained stable upon lactulose exposure.ConclusionIngestion of a single dose of 50 g lactulose does not significantly alterE.colidensity in stool samples of healthy volunteers. 50 g lactulose therefore seems unlikely to sufficiently alter growth conditions in the intestine for a significant predisposition to infection with H2-consuming enteropathogens such asS. Typhimurium (www.clinicaltrials.govNCT02397512).