Standardization of Aquafaba Production and Application in Vegan Mayonnaise Analogs

Canning or boiling pulse seeds in water produces a by-product solution, called “aquafaba”, that can be used as a plant-based emulsifier. One of the major problems facing the commercialization of aquafaba is inconsistency in quality and functionality. In this study, chickpea aquafaba production and drying methods were optimized to produce standardized aquafaba powder. Aquafaba samples, both freeze-dried and spray-dried, were used to make egg-free, vegan mayonnaise. Mayonnaise and analog physicochemical characteristics, microstructure, and stability were tested and compared to mayonnaise prepared using egg yolk. Chickpeas steeped in water at 4 °C for 16 h, followed by cooking at 75 kPa for 30 min at 116 °C, yielded aquafaba that produced the best emulsion qualities. Both lyophilization and spray drying to dehydrate aquafaba resulted in powders that retained their functionality following rehydration. Mayonnaise analogs made with aquafaba powder remained stable for 28 days of storage at 4 °C, although their droplet size was significantly higher than the reference sample made with egg yolk. These results show that aquafaba production can be standardized for optimal emulsion qualities, and dried aquafaba can mimic egg functions in food emulsions and has the potential to produce a wide range of eggless food products.

A Clinical Trial on the Glycemic Index of Nutritional Product for Diabetes Mellitus

In the world as well as in Vietnam, diabetes have shown bad effects and there is increasing number of deaths over years because of diabetes as one of three leading causes of deaths. Penalver et al (2016) stated to achieve good metabolic control in diabetes and keep long term, a combination of changes in lifestyle and pharmacological treatment is necessary. The type of food tested was Nutritional product (Vietnam). Nutritional product solution with 83.3g diluted in 390 ml water. The food-to-water ratio followed the processing instruction from the manufacturer. In this study we discover a low GI of nutritional product, as of (48.2 ± 5.3). And also, we found out there is decrease (slow) of responses of mean blood glucose (Nutritional product) after 90 minutes (4.7 mmol/L) till 120 minutes (4.3 mmol/L). As we conduct this paper with younger subjects, comparing to older people, they can regulate blood sugar better. Finally, we also compare to other previous studies for literature review.

PENGUJIAN REAKSI INVESTOR ATAS PEMERINGKATAN CORPORATE GOVERNANCE PERCEPTION INDEX DI PERUSAHAAN YANG LISTING DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA (BEI)

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji secara empiris pengaruh pemeringkatan CGPI terhadap abnormal return dan volume perdagangan saham di perusahaan yang listing di BEI. Penelitian ini satu variabel terikat (dependen) yaitu corporate governance perception index (CGPI) dan dua variabel bebas (independen) yaitu abnormal return dan volume perdagangan saham. Sampel penelitian adalah perusahaan-perusahaan yang masuk pemeringkatan CGPI dari tahun 2005 sampai tahun 2010. Data diolah dengan menggunakan analisis regresi berganda serta menggunakan aplikasi Software Statistical Service Product Solution (SPSS), yang kemudian berganti nama menjadi Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara statistik, pengumuman pemeringkatan CGPI tidak berpengaruh terhadap abnormal return, hal ini berarti bahwa investor kurang merespon pengumuman peringkat CGPI tahun 2006-2009. Berdasarkan hasil uji statistik, pengumuman pemeringkatan CGPI tidak berpengaruh tehadap volume perdagangan saham, hal ini berarti investor kurang merespon pengumuman peringkat CGPI tahun 2006-2009. Penyebab investor kurang merespon pengumuman peringkat CGPI 2006-2010 dapat disebabkan pada hari pengumuman ada suatu peristiwa lain yang lebih berpengaruh terhadap abnormal return dan volume perdagangan pada perusahaan yang masuk pemeringkatan CGPI tahun 2006-2010.

Pengaruh Kemampuan Dan Integritas Terhadap Loyalitas Dan Kinerja Pegawai Pada Dinas Sosial Kabupaten Balangan Kalimantan Selatan

Abstrak : Ridha Mulyani, Npm.1811.32202.4734, Pengaruh Kemampuan Dan Integritas Terhadap Loyalitas Dan Kinerja Pegawai Pada Dinas Sosial Kabupaten Balangan Kalimantan Selatan, Dibawah Bimbingan Rosadiro Cahyono Dan Yudi Rahman, 2020. Tujuan penelitian yang ingin dicapai dalam penelitian ini, adalah untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis pengaruh kemampuan terhadap loyalitas pegawai, untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis pengaruh integritas terhadap loyalitas pegawai, untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis pengaruh kemampuan terhadap kinerja pegawai, untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis pengaruh integritas terhadap kinerja pegawai dan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis pengaruh loyalitas terhadap kinerja pegawai pada Dinas Sosial Kabupaten Balangan Kalimantan Selatan. Populasi dan sampel dari penelitian ini pegawai Dinas Sosial Kabupaten Balangan Kalimantan Selatan yang berjumlah 50 orang dan pengambilan dalam sampel penelitian ini mengunakan metode sensus. Teknik pengolahan data yang akan dilakukan oleh penulis adalah dengan menggunakan kuantitatif, dianalisis dengan analisis jalur (path analysis) bantuan program SPSS (statistic produk service solution) Versi 17 for windows. Hasil penelitian pada pengujian hipotesis pertama diketahui bahwa variabel kemampuan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap loyalitas pegawai, pada pengujian hipotesis kedua diketahui bahwa variabel integritas berpengaruh signifikan terhadap loyalitas pegawai pada Dinas Sosial Kabupaten Balangan, pada pengujian hipotesis ketiga diketahui bahwa variabel kemampuan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja pegawai, pada hasil pengujian hipotesis keempat diketahui bahwa variabel integritas berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja pegawai dan pada hasil pengujian hipotesis kelima diketahui bahwa variabel loyalitas berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja pegawai pada Dinas Sosial Kabupaten Balangan. Kata Kunci : Kemampuan, Integritas, Loyalitas Dan Kinerja Abstract : Ridha Mulyani, Npm. 1811.32202.4734, The Influence Of Ability And Integrity On Loyalty And Performance Of Employees In Social Services Of Balangan District, South Kalimantan, Under The Guidance Rosadiro Cahyono And Yudi Rahman, 2020. The research objectives to be achieved in this study, are to determine and analyze the effect of ability on employee loyalty, to know and analyze the effect of integrity on employee loyalty, to know and analyze the effect of ability on employee performance, to find out and analyze the effect of integrity on employee performance and to find out and analyze the effect of loyalty on employee performance at the Balangan Regency Social Service in South Kalimantan. The population and sample of this study were 50 employees of the Balangan Regency Social Service Office in South Kalimantan, and the sampling in this study used the census method. Date processing techniques that will be carried out by the author is to use quantitative, analyzed by path analysis (path analysis) SPSS program (service product solution statistics) Version 17 for windows. The results of the research on the first hypothesis testing note that the ability variable has a significant effect on employee loyalty, on the second hypothesis testing it is known that the integrity variable has a significant effect on employee loyalty at the Balangan District Social Service, on the third hypothesis testing it is known that the ability variable has a significant effect on employee performance, at the fourth hypothesis testing results note that the integrity variable has a significant effect on employee performance and on the results of the fifth hypothesis testing it is known that the variable of loyalty has a significant effect on employee performance at the Balangan District Social Service. Keywords: Ability, Integrity, Loyalty and Performance

Hydrogenation of Adiponitrile to Hexamethylenediamine over Raney Ni and Co Catalysts

Hexamethylenediamine (HMDA), a chemical for producing nylon, was produced on Raney Ni and Raney Co catalysts via the hydrogenation of adiponitrile (ADN). HMDA was hydrogenated from ADN via 6-aminohexanenitrile (AHN). For the two catalysts, the effects of five different reaction parameters (reaction temperature, H2 pressure, catalyst loading, and ADN/HMDA ratio in the reactant) on the hydrogenation of ADN were investigated. Similar general trends demonstrating the dependence of ADN hydrogenation on the reaction conditions for both catalysts were observed: higher temperature (60–80 °C) and H2 pressure, as well as lower ADN/catalyst and ADN/HMDA ratios, led to higher HMDA yields. A further increase in temperature from 80 to 100 °C increased the HMDA yield from 90.5 to 100% for the Raney Ni catalyst, but did not affect the HMDA yield (85~87%) for the Raney Co catalyst. A 100% HMDA yield (the highest yield reported to date) was also achieved via ADN hydrogenation over the Raney Ni catalyst, with a high HMDA content in the reactant (e.g., ADN/HMDA volumetric ratio of 0.06). No sign of metal leaching into the product solution was found, meaning that the Raney Ni and Raney Co catalysts were stable during ADN hydrogenation.

Production of 7-methylxanthine from Theobromine by Metabolically Engineered E. coli

In this work, a novel biocatalytic process for the production of 7-methylxanthines from theobromine, an economic feedstock has been developed. Bench scale production of 7-methlxanthine has been demonstrated. The biocatalytic process used in this work operates at 30 OC and atmospheric pressure, and is environmentally friendly. The biocatalyst was E. coli BL21(DE3) engineered with ndmB/D genes combinations. These modifications enabled specific N7- demethylation of theobromine to 7-methylxanthine. This production process consists of uniform fermentation conditions with a specific metabolically engineered strain, uniform induction of specific enzymes for 7-methylxanthine production, uniform recovery and preparation of biocatalyst for reaction and uniform recovery of pure 7-methylxanthine. Many E. coli BL21(DE3) strains metabolically engineered with single and/or multiple ndmB/D genes were tested for catalytic activity, and the best strains which had the higher activity were chosen to carry out the N-demethylation reaction of theobromine. Strain pBD2dDB had the highest activity for the production of 7-methylxanthine from theobromine. That strain was used to find the optimum amount of cells required to achieve complete conversion of theobromine to 7-methylxanthine within two hours. It was found that the optimum concentration of pBD2dDB strain to achieve 100% conversion of 0.5 mM theobromine to 7-methylxanthine was 5 mg/mL. The cell growth of pBD2dDB strain was studied using two different growth media, (Luria-Bertani Broth and Super Broth). Super broth was found to be the best medium to produce the highest amount of cell paste (1.5 g). Subsequently, the process was scaled up in which 2 L reaction volume was used to produce 7-methylxanthine (100% conversion) from 0.5 mM theobromine catalyzed by pBD2dDB strain. The reactions was carried out at 30 oC and 250 rpm shaker speed, and the reaction medium was 50 mM potassium phosphate buffer (pH=7). 7-methylxanthines was separated by preparative chromatography with high recovery, and the product solution was collected, purified by drying at 120-140 oC for 4 hours and, recovered (127 mg). Purity of the isolated 7-methylxanthine was comparable to authentic standards with no contaminant peaks, as observed by HPLC, LC-MS, and NMR.

Chickpea Cultivar Selection to Produce Aquafaba with Superior Emulsion Properties

Aquafaba (AQ), a viscous by-product solution produced during cooking chickpea or other legumes in water, is increasingly being used as an egg replacement due to its ability to form foams and emulsions. The objectives of our work were to select a chickpea cultivar that produces AQ with superior emulsion properties, and to investigate the impact of chickpea seed physicochemical properties and hydration kinetics on the properties of AQ-based emulsions. AQ from a Kabuli type chickpea cultivar (CDC Leader) had the greatest emulsion capacity (1.10 ± 0.04 m2/g) and stability (71.9 ± 0.8%). There were no correlations observed between AQ emulsion properties and chickpea seed proximate compositions. Meanwhile, AQ emulsion properties were negatively correlated with AQ yield and moisture content, indicating that AQ with higher dry-matter content displayed better emulsion properties. In conclusion, the emulsification properties of aquafaba are greatly influenced by the chickpea genotype, and AQ from the CDC Leader chickpea produced the most stable food oil emulsions.

EVALUASI WEBSITE PEMKO PEKANBARU MENGGUNAKAN METODE HEURISTIC EVALUATION

Kota Pekanbaru merupakan salah satu Kota di Provinsi Riau dan telah menggunakan website sebagai tempat untuk mendapatkan informasi. Tujuan dibangunya website ini ialah untuk memudahkan pengguna dalam mengakses informasi seputa Kota Pekanbaru. Dalam penerapan website ini masih terdapat beberapa permasalahan yaitu informasi yang kurang update dan lengkap serta tidak adanya menu untuk membalas kritik atau saran dari masyarakat, sehingga dapat mempengaruhi kualitas dari website tesebut. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi dan mengukur tingkat keberhasilan website Pemko Pekanbaru menggunakan metode heuristic evaluation dan untuk memberikan rekomendasi kepada pihak Pemko Pekanbaru agar dapat dijadikan solusi untuk meningkatkan kepuasan pengguna berdasarkan tingkat keberhasilan website. Pengambilan data melalui observasi, wawancara, dan kuesioner. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik Slovin dan Simple Random Sampling. Untuk metode analisis data menggunakan usability testing serta alat pengolahan data menggunakan IMB Software Statistical Product Solution (SPSS) Statistics 23. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian terhadap data yang diperoleh dari Pemko Pekanbaru, maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa didapatkan nilai persentase dari Usability Testing total ditemukan mendapatkan nilai 63,18% yang berarti menunjukkan bahwa website cukup baik bagi penggunanya, untuk total tidak ditemukan mendapatkan nilai 36,81% yang berarti menunjukkan bahwa website kurang baik bagi penggunanya.Kata kunci: Heuristic Evaluation, Pemko Pekanbaru, Usability Testing, website.