Social Distance Analysing - COVID-19 Using Deep Learning and Computer Vision

In the combat in opposition to the coronavirus, social distancing has tested to be an effective degree to bog down the unfold of the disease. The machine provided is for reading social distancing through calculating the space among humans for you to gradual down the unfold of the virus. This machine makes use of enter from video frames to parent out the space among people to relieve the impact of this pandemic. This is performed through comparing a video feed acquired through a surveillance camera. The video is calibrated into bird’s view and fed as an enter to the YOLOv3 version that is an already educated item detection version. The YOLOv3 version is educated using the Common Object in Context (COCO). The proposed machine turned into corroborated on a pre-filmed video. The outcomes and consequences acquired through the machine display that assessment of the space among more than one people and figuring out if policies are violated or not. If the space is less than the minimal threshold value, the people are represented through a purple bounding box, if not then it's far represented through a inexperienced bounding box. This machine may be similarly advanced to detect social distancing in real-time applications.

Defamation Law, Sullivan, and the Shape of Free Speech

This chapter examines how free speech interacts with defamation law. When thinking about defamation law and free speech, it can be difficult not to consider the classic US case of New York Times v Sullivan. The decision substantially changed how US defamation law treats political speech, and has resonated widely in other jurisdictions. It increased the burdens facing public officials who sue in defamation, making it far more difficult for them to succeed. The chapter draws out two broad issues from Sullivan and subsequent decisions which have relevance for understanding defamation and free speech more generally, especially democratic aspects of freedom of expression. It also highlights three ways in which the reform of defamation law could better protect free speech. First, legal doctrine could be reformed. Second, remedies could be altered to reduce the chill of defamation law. Third, and perhaps less often recognized, the effective degree of freedom of speech provided under any given defamation law depends greatly on litigation practice. Reforming defamation litigation has been tried in many jurisdictions and there have long been proposals for larger reforms, such as developing alternative dispute resolution methods and venues for defamation claims.

SOLUTIONS FOR PROMOTING THE DEVELOPMENT OF VALUE ENGINEERING IN THE VIETNAMESE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY

Nowadays, Value Engineering (VE) is being widely practiced in many countries around the world. However, its concepts and applications do not seem to be well embraced in the Vietnamese construction industry. This study aims to seek solutions for promoting the development of VE in the Vietnamese construction industry. Most of the previous studies gave solutions in deficiencies and lack of analysis. On the basis of literature review and interviews with experts during the pilot test of the study at the initial stage, fifteen solutions were identified. A questionnaire survey was then conducted to rate the effective degree of the fifteen solutions. This study revealed six most effective solutions that should be taken with first priorities to promote the VE development. Additionally, the factor analysis method was applied to investigate the correlation effects of the solutions, which resulted in four core factors representing the solutions, namely, positive interest from government and construction stakeholders; education about VE; presence of VE organizations in the construction industry; and interaction with the outside world. The findings of the study are expected to bring the most effective solutions to promote the development of VE in the Vietnamese construction industry.

Evaluation of capillary water retention effects on the development of the suction stress characteristic curve

The suction stress characteristic framework is a practical approach for relating the suction and the water-filled pore volume to the stress state of unsaturated soils. It predicts the effective stress by developing the suction stress characteristic curve from the soil-water retention curve. In this framework, the effective degree of saturation is usually calculated by the empirical water retention model of van Genuchten (published in 1980). In this paper, the use of a generalized soil-water retention model proposed by Lu in 2016, which differentiates the role of capillary and adsorption mechanisms, in the suction stress characteristic framework is studied. A redefinition of the effective degree of saturation is suggested, by choosing the retention state where capillarity approaches zero instead of the residual retention state. The validity of this assumption is examined using experimental data obtained by unsaturated shear strength and retention tests and datasets collected from the literature. The proposed definition is applicable for a variety of soils where capillarity is the dominant mechanism in producing suction stress within the range of suction 0–1500 kPa. In addition, it is observed that the generalized soil-water retention model presents a more realistic prediction of unsaturated shear strength compared with empirical water retention models.

Division by 1–ζ on Superelliptic Curves and Jacobians

Yuri Zarhin gave formulas for “dividing a point on a hyperelliptic curve by 2”. Given a point $P$ on a hyperelliptic curve $\mathcal{C}$ of genus $g$, Zarhin gives the Mumford representation of an effective degree $g$ divisor $D$ satisfying $2(D - g \infty ) \sim P - \infty $. The aim of this paper is to generalize Zarhin’s result to superelliptic curves; instead of dividing by 2, we divide by $1 - \zeta $. There is no Mumford representation for divisors on superelliptic curves, so instead we give formulas for functions that cut out a divisor $D$ satisfying $(1 - \zeta ) D \sim P - \infty $. Additionally, we study the intersection of $(1 - \zeta )^{-1} \mathcal{C}$ and the theta divisor $\Theta $ inside the Jacobian $\mathcal{J}$. We show that the intersection is contained in $\mathcal{J}[1 - \zeta ]$ and compute the intersection multiplicities.

Wideband tunable perfect absorption of graphene plasmons via attenuated total reflection in Otto prism configuration

A strategy is proposed to achieve wideband tunable perfect plasmonic absorption in graphene nanoribbons by employing attenuated total refraction (ATR) in Otto prism configuration. In this configuration, the Otto prism with a deep-subwavelength dielectric spacer is used to generate tunneling evanescent waves to excite localized plasmons in graphene nanoribbons. The influence of the configuration parameters on the absorption spectra of graphene plasmons is studied systematically, and the key finding is that perfect absorption can be achieved by actively controlling the incident angle of light under ATR conditions, which provides an effective degree of freedom to tune the absorption properties of graphene plasmons. Based on this result, it is further demonstrated that by simultaneously tuning the incident angle and the graphene Fermi energy, the tunable absorption waveband can be significantly enlarged, which is about 3 times wider than the conventional cavity-enhanced configuration. Our proposed strategy to achieve wideband, tunable graphene plasmons could be useful in various infrared plasmonic devices.

Evolutionary games on isothermal graphs

Population structure affects the outcome of natural selection. These effects can be modeled using evolutionary games on graphs. Recently, conditions were derived for a trait to be favored under weak selection, on any weighted graph, in terms of coalescence times of random walks. Here we consider isothermal graphs, which have the same total edge weight at each node. The conditions for success on isothermal graphs take a simple form, in which the effects of graph structure are captured in the ‘effective degree’—a measure of the effective number of neighbors per individual. For two update rules (death-Birth and birth-Death), cooperative behavior is favored on a large isothermal graph if the benefit-to-cost ratio exceeds the effective degree. For two other update rules (Birth-death and Death-birth), cooperation is never favored. We relate the effective degree of a graph to its spectral gap, thereby linking evolutionary dynamics to the theory of expander graphs. Surprisingly, we find graphs of infinite average degree that nonetheless provide strong support for cooperation.