Assessment of faecal contamination in selected concrete and earthen ponds stocked with Clarias gariepinus

Background This study was carried out to monitor the levels of faecal pollution markers in catfish (Clarias gariepinus) and their growing waters in selected earthen and concrete ponds. Water and catfish samples were collected weekly in the months of February, March, April, May, June and July, 2019. The concentrations of enteric bacteria in the water and catfish samples were determined using membrane filtration and pour plate methods, respectively. The rate of bioaccumulation of faecal indicator bacteria was obtained by dividing the log concentration of each organism in catfish by the corresponding log concentration in the growing waters. Result The concentration of faecal coliforms in catfish samples from concrete and earthen ponds ranged from 1.41 to 2.28 log10 CFU/100 ml and 1.3 to 2.47 log10 CFU/100 ml respectively and in growing waters from the concrete and earthen ponds; 1.43 to 2.41 log10 CFU/100 ml and 1.50 to 2.80 log10 CFU/100 ml respectively. Faecal coliforms exhibited positive relationships with alkalinity in water samples from the earthen (r = 0.61) and concrete ponds (r = 0.62). Salmonella and faecal coliforms had the highest and least bioaccumulation in catfish raised in earthen pond, respectively, whereas Salmonella and enterococci had the highest and least bioaccumulation in catfish raised in concrete pond, respectively. Faecal coliforms and E. coli had the highest and least counts in water samples from the earthen pond during the dry and wet months, Salmonella and E. coli had the highest and least counts in water samples from the concrete pond during the dry and wet months. Conclusion There were high levels of bacterial faecal pollution markers in water and C. gariepinus from the earthen and concrete ponds. Physicochemical characteristics of the water and seasonality played major roles in the rate of bioaccumulation of the faecal pollution markers in C. gariepinus raised in the earthen and concrete ponds.

Innovation of Fisheries Cultivation in Pasuruan, East Java

The Indonesian government made a new policy which was stated in Government Regulation no. 38 of 2017 concerning regional innovation aims to improve the performance of local government administration. In order to achieve the objectives as intended, the target of regional innovation is directed at accelerating the realization of public welfare through improving public services, empowerment and community participation and increasing regional competitiveness. One of the regional innovations that has become a national priority is Maritime Affairs and Fisheries. This is also in line with one of the visions and missions of the President and Vice President, namely the Realization of a Prosperous Marine and Fisheries Community and Sustainable Marine and Fisheries Resources. So that the marine sector in the regions needs to be developed. One of the areas with marine and fisheries potential is Pasuruan Regency, East Java. The Pasuruan Regency Government, which knows the marine and fisheries potential of its area, needs to support this potential by making programs or innovations to accelerate the development of coastal areas. So this research was conducted to identify the effectiveness of programs or innovations carried out by the Pasuruan Regency government. The fishery innovation in Pasuruan Regency in the form of Mina has been regulated in a regional law, because it has a high potential for the welfare of its people. And from these sources, the Government has developed a number of mini innovations, such as spawning concrete pond tilapia for mass production of superior tilapia, making new mina systems or technologies, even integrating fisheries with agriculture through mina rice cultivation. These innovations are expected to improve the welfare and economy of the people of Pasuruan Regency, East Java. This study used descriptive qualitative method. The results of this study found that Pasuruan Regency has high marine and fisheries potential. The innovations and programs carried out by the Pasuruan Regency Government provide a lot of advantages and results, where it can not only produce the fishery sector, but can also get results from rice plants grown using the mina method. Suggestions in the future, it is necessary to do further research to find out other factors beyond the factors that have been done in research on the adoption of fisheries business innovation in Pasuruan Regency.

Constraints to Women Involvement in Fish Production in Anambra State, Nigeria

The study analysed constraints to women involvement in fish farming and processing in Anambra State Nigeria. Multi-stage sampling procedure was employed in selecting 90 women fish farmers. Data were analysed using percentage and mean as well as ordinary least square regression. The study revealed that the women mostly used concrete pond (65.6%), the majority (70.0%) have between 1 and 3 ponds. Catfish was mainly cultured by the women (86.7%). The foremost constraints faced by the women in fish farming were inadequate capital ( = 3.31), inadequate land for expansion ( = 3.27), and high cost of fish pond establishment ( = 3.23). The coefficient of inadequate capital (-1.503) was significant at 1%, while the coefficients of inadequate land for expansion (-1.286), pre-occupation with other household chores (1.245), dominance by spouses (1.601) and high cost of fish pond establishment (- 1.768) were significant at 5% significant level. Providing low interest loans to active and registered women fish farmers, revisiting and amending the 1999 land reform, encouraging women to form formidable cooperative societies, among others were recommended by the study. Key words: Concrete pond, women, fish farming

Pengaruh Sistem Resirkulasi Terhadap Kualitas Air, Kelulushidupan Benih Ikan Gurame (Osphronemus Goramy), Serta Kelayakan Usaha

ABSTRAKSalah satu komoditas ikan air tawar yang menyumbang produksi perikanan terbesar adalah ikan gurame (Osphronemus goramy) yang mempunyai nilai ekonomis tinggi. Pembenihan ikan gurame adalah hal yang penting untuk menjaga keberlanjutan budidaya ikan gurame. Tujuan penelitian adalah menganalisis pengaruh sistem resirkulasi terhadap kualitas air, kelulushidupan benih ikan gurame, dan kelayakan usaha. Pembenihan ikan gurame pada penelitian ini menggunakan tiga wadah budidaya, yaitu: 1) akuarium dengan sistem resirkulasi (Wadah I); 2) kolam beton sistem air mengalir (Wadah II); kolam beton sistem pergantian air 30% secara berkala (Wadah III). Parameter yang diamati meliputi kualitas air dan angka kelulushidupan benih ikan gurame, serta kelayakan usahanya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemeliharaan benih ikan gurame pada akuarium dengan sistem resirkulasi mempunyai kualitas air (suhu, oksigen terlarut, dan amoniak) yang terbaik, angka kelulushidupan (average daily growth, average body weight, specific growth ratio, survival rate) yang terbaik, dan membutuhkan modal terbesar pada investasi awal tetapi menghasilkan keuntungan yang lebih tinggi. Pembenihan ikan gurame dengan sistem resirkulasi direkomendasikan karena meningkatkan kualitas air, menghasilkan tingkat kelulushidupan yang tinggi dan menghasilkan keuntungan yang lebih tinggi.ABSTRACTOne of the freshwater fish commodities that contributes to the largest fisheries production is giant gourami (Osphronemus goramy) which has high economic value. Giant gourami hatchling is important to maintain the sustainability of its cultivation. This study aims to analyze the effect of recirculation system to water quality, survival rates, and feasibility of giant gourami hatchling business. Giant gourami hatchling in this study uses three cultivation containers, namely: 1) an aquarium with a recirculation system (Container I); 2) concrete pond with flowing water system (Container II); concrete pond with 30% water change system periodically (Container III). The parameters observed included water quality and survival rate of giant gourami hatchling, as well as the feasibility of their business. The results indicated that the giant gourami hatchling in an aquarium with a recirculation system had the best water quality (temperature, dissolved oxygen, and ammonia), had the best survival rate (average daily growth, average body weight, specific growth ratio, survival rate), and requires the largest amount of capital in the initial investment but yields more returns. Giant gouramy hatchery with a recirculation system is recommended due to improves water quality, results in a high survival rate and generates higher profits.

Economic analysis of aquaculture practices in some Local Government areas of Ogun State

The primary aim of the study was to ascertain the profitaility and assess resource use efficiency as well as compare same between the two sysytems of aquaculture (Concrete pond and Dug-out pond Systems) in Ijebu-North and Ijebu Norh-East Local Government Areas of Ogun State. To accomplish this objective, the 65 fish farmers (30 Dug-out pond and 35 concrete pond) whose fish had reached market size were interviewed in the study areas during 2001/2002 production season. Sets of structured questionnaire, personally administered were used to collect the required data. The mean sizes of the concrete ponds and Dug-out ponds were employed in the analysis of the data. The mean sizes of the concrete ponds and Dug-out ponds were 64.57 M2 and 2392.43 M2 respectively. The budgetary analysis of the two systems showed that fish production was profitable in the area. The concrete pond (CPS) system was however found to be more profitable than the dug-out pond system (DPS). The result of the regression analysis showed that the number of fingerlings stocked per square metre, man days of human labour used , months of production season and quatity of fertilizer and lime used had much more significant influence on yield (harvest) from the CPS than from the DPS. The comparison of the technical efficiency of inputs in both systems showed that the inputs were more efficiently utilized in the CPS rather than in the DPS. The result of the Chow test showed that the resource used in the CPS differed significantly at 5 percent level, from that of DPS. Following their findings, it was recommended that fish farmers in the study area should increase their stocking rate and reduce the amount of hired labour as well as use appropriate good quality feed in order to improve their productivity levels.

Bacteriological Assessment of African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) Isolated from Earthen and Concrete Fish Pond

The purpose of this research work is to evaluates, isolate, identify, characterized and compare the bacteria load in African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) from Earthen and Concrete Fish Pond. African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) is a choice culture fish and an African delicacy to African consumers. Concrete pond and Earthen pond are the two types of ponds used in fish farming in West Africa. An earthen pond is a water body that is enclosed by earth while a concrete pond are pond constructed with bricks (plastered) or tanks. Clarias gariepinus were obtained from the earthen and concrete ponds from Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba–Akoko, Ondo state, Nigeria. The fishes were harvested and eviscerated and different organs of the fish were collected for the purpose of this research work. Isolation of bacteria was done using the streaking method of cultural media. Preliminary characterization of bacterial isolates were based on Gram staining, morphological and cultural characteristics. Further characterization was carried out with various biochemical tests (Catalase, Citrate, Indole, Oxidase test, Starch hydrolysis, Urease and Sugar fermentation) and Bergey’s manual Microbiology. In concrete pond, it was observed that Bacillus subtilis was the most percentage frequently distributed bacteria isolate in Clarias gariepinus with (8%) Staphylococcus aureus (9.5%), Alcaligenes xylosidans (4.7%), Alcaligenes paradoxus (4.7%), Acinetobacter calcoa ceticus (4.7%), Pseudomonas putida (4.7%), Bacillus cereus (23.8%), Citrobacter amalonaticus (9.5%), Acinetobacter baumanni(4.7%), Listeria grayi(9.5%) and Listeria monocytogenes (4.7%) while In earthen pond Enterococcus gallinarum (4.0%), Streptococcus ub eris (8.0%) and Micrococcus luteus(4.0%) was the most frequently distributed bacteria isolate in Clarias gariepinus earthen pond, Marinococcus halophilus(4.0%),Enterobacter aerogenes (4.0%), Micrococcus lylae (4.0%), Alcalige nes faecalis(4.0%), Enterococcus molodoratus (4.0%), Enterococcus gallinarum (8.0%), Bacillus pumilus (4.0%), Citrobacter freundii (4.0%), Sporosa rcina inulinus (4.0%), Deinococcus radiodurans (4.0%), Vibrio marinus(4.0%), Listeria murrayi (4.0%), Deinobacter grandis(4.0%), Deinococcus proteolyticus (4.0%), Bacillus lautus(4.0%) and Micrococcus halobius (4.0%). Highest viable colony counts (5.6 × 104 for C. gariepinus were found in the concrete pond and (6.3 × 104) from the earthen pond respectively. Alimentary canal of fish in the concrete pond has the highest value of 4.73±0.81a and fish body has the lowest values (3.53±0.99a).Fish water has the highest value (4.33±1.15a) and lowest value (2.20±1.2a)) were found in earthen pond. It can be concluded that this organisms isolated from C. gariepinus in this study has the potential of becoming pathogenic and dangerous health risk and constitute severe economic loss to fish farmers and general populate especially those that consume catfish, therefore the Catfish should be raised in an hygienic and properly processed methods before consumption.

Microbial Communities of Culture Water and African Catfish Reared in Different Aquaculture Systems in Nigeria Analyzed Using Culture Dependent Techniques

The microbial communities of culture water and catfish C. gariepinus from three replicates of earthen, concrete and tarpaulin ponds in Nigeria were analyzed. Waters was collected from 25 cm below pond water surface per culture system. Three catfish per replicate system were also collected and analyzed in the lab. Catfish gut, skin and gills were analyzed. Earthen ponds had significantly more diverse microbial community and coliform forming units (CFU/ml) 2.43 x10-4 CFU/ml than the rest systems. Earthen ponds had consortium of Klebsiella pneumonia, S. aureus and Salmonella enteritidis and E. coli, which was more diverse than all other aquaculture systems. Microbiota of tarpaulin ponds was 2.10x10-4 /ml CFU and this was significantly (P<0.05) higher than concrete ponds (1.50x10-4 CFU/ml). Tarpaulin ponds had K. pneumoniae and E. coli, while concrete pond had S. aureus and S. enteritidis. Biofilm formation could have lead to colonization of the fish body part. The skin and gills had similar microbiota as the culture water compared to the gut. The gut microbial communities were not synonymous with the culture water.