continuous text
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2022 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Connor T. Jerzak ◽  
Gary King ◽  
Anton Strezhnev

Abstract Some scholars build models to classify documents into chosen categories. Others, especially social scientists who tend to focus on population characteristics, instead usually estimate the proportion of documents in each category—using either parametric “classify-and-count” methods or “direct” nonparametric estimation of proportions without individual classification. Unfortunately, classify-and-count methods can be highly model-dependent or generate more bias in the proportions even as the percent of documents correctly classified increases. Direct estimation avoids these problems, but can suffer when the meaning of language changes between training and test sets or is too similar across categories. We develop an improved direct estimation approach without these issues by including and optimizing continuous text features, along with a form of matching adapted from the causal inference literature. Our approach substantially improves performance in a diverse collection of 73 datasets. We also offer easy-to-use software that implements all ideas discussed herein.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Екатерина Евгеньевна Петрова ◽  
Анжелика Алексеевна Никитина

В данной статье исследуются возможности более эффективного развития навыков чтения при обучении иностранному языку в высшей школе посредством привлечения несплошных текстов. Авторы разработали ряд заданий, преобразовав традиционный линейный текст в несплошной и провели опрос студентов, который показал, что данный вид работы лучше отвечает интересам и когнитивным особенностям современных студентов. This article examines the possibilities for more effective development of reading skills in foreign language teaching in higher education by using non-continuous texts. The authors developed a series of tasks, transforming a traditional linear text into a non-continuous one and conducted a survey of students, which showed that this type of work better meets the cognitive characteristics and interests of modern students.


2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 223-234
Author(s):  
Klaudia Bracisiewicz

Usable texts should be extremely clear and functional. The present article focuses on instructions as a genre. Using French braid instructions as an example, the author presents how the form and layout of a text influence its usability. To this end an experiment was conducted on a sample of 32 individuals. The subjects received four versions of the same instructions — in the form of continuous text, in the form of continuous text with fragments in bold type, bullet point instructions and bullet point instructions with illustrations. The objective was to compare various forms of instructions (a form of text often used in everyday life, the clarity of which should consequently be as high as possible) in order to test their usability.


2021 ◽  
Vol 113 ◽  
pp. 00007
Author(s):  
N.V. Dronyakina ◽  
E.R. Chemezova

The article considers the need for the elaboration of the modern strategy for text interpretation by prospective philologists. This issue caused by the new tendencies in higher professional education aimed at developing new theoretical approaches to updating the content and methods of pedagogical activity. In the focus area of modern educational process are methods of enriching the students’ culturological background, since the scope of tasks the institutions of higher education for the humanities set today incorporates the training of qualified graduates having profound theoretical learning in philosophy, cultural studies, and art. The very hermeneutical approach contributes to effective training of prospective philologists to decode the author’s message having its deep-lying roots in the textual space. The continuous text analysis is developed for the students of different educational and academic background but able to interpret the text under study. Such an approach to the study of the textual content and composition may presuppose the students’ reference to lexicographic resources of culture, history, symbols, philosophy, etc. We consider this methodological tool to be the most effective and promising in training the prospective philologists able to perceive and interpret continuously any text in class or independently.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sven Komenda

The book deals primarily with the prose rhythm in Cicero’s orations by performing a colometric analysis and draws on prose rhythm for continuous text interpretation. The core thesis is that Latin word accent already has a constitutive function in respect to prose rhythm of classical Latin. Even in the case of Cicero, a set of five so-called “clausulas” is proven to be essentially sufficient for a rhythmic analysis (in the context of the Trias of compositio, concinnitas and numerus). This is illustrated primarily by an interpretation of the first 300 cola of Pro Quinctio, de lege agraria (second speech) and the 14th Philippic.


Author(s):  
Tommaso Raiola
Keyword(s):  

Abstract In books 46–49 of the Collectiones medicae, Oribasius collects a remarkable number of text excerpts, varying in size, from Galen’s commentaries on Hippocrates’ surgical treatises (In the surgery, On fractures, and On joints). Besides being a witness of indirect tradition for the surviving Greek text of the commentaries, these excerpts offer good overall specimens of Oribasius’ writing method. The paper analyzes some significant examples, in order to highlight Oribasius’ compilatory technique and the strategies he adopted to overcome the difficulties in building a continuous text moving from a non-continuous one.


2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 60-85
Author(s):  
M.A.S. Abdel Haleem

Mary is a very important figure in the Qur'an, in which she is mentioned by name 34 times. In addition to passing references, such as in Q. 23:50 and Q. 66:12, two important Qur'anic pericopes are devoted to her: Q. 3:33–50 and Q. 19:16–36. Over and above this, Sura 19 is named after her. Much has been written about this sura, with recent scholarship giving particular attention to its structure. Identifying the structure within the sura is of course important, especially in view of the way the material is presented in the muṣḥaf, which sets out the entire sura in continuous text, without any divisions or paragraphs apart from the markers at the end of each verse. Structural analysis can be useful in terms of identifying main subject topics of a given sura, but there is a danger that overreliance on structural analysis can focus too heavily on form, thereby overlooking the message and purpose that runs throughout each sura. Form and literary analysis are important but only insofar as they indicate topics and meanings and show the purpose of the entire sura. In this article, I seek to undertake a structural analysis of Sūrat Maryam which identifies a different structure from those outlined by previous scholars. This structural analysis is based in, and led by, the study of the theme and purpose of this sura, which I maintain is to provide comfort and reassurance for the Prophet Muḥammad.


2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 227-242
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Szczaus

The aim of the article is a genological analysis of the oldest Polish-language encyclopedia, i.e. Informacyja matematyczna [Mathematical information] by Wojciech Bystrzonowski (first edition 1743). It is a continuous text divided into chapters devoted to various fields of knowledge included in the groups of topics that deal with theoretical and practical problems. This conception of text influenced its genre diversity: theoretical parts were overpowered by genres serving an informative function (e. g. description, list, index), but sometimes also a persuasive function (e. g. a treaty, a matter), while the practical parts included genres fulfilling a predominantly directive function (e. g. military regulations, instructions). The genres combining informative and ludic functions were also marginally present (e. g. Latin-language mnemotechnical poems woven into the text). Such extreme internal diversity of genres had several reasons: a) high diversity of topics, b) reference to silva rerum literary formula developed in the Baroque period, c) reference to and benefit from dozens of different studies conducted by Polish and Latin-language authors. Based on the example of selected parts of the text (e. g. descriptions), it was proved that we can observe in Bystrzonowski’s compendium a development process of a new genre, i.e. an encyclopedic entry.


Onomastica ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wojciech Włoskowicz

The aim of this paper is to discuss selected formal and pragmatic aspects of the Austro-Hungarian military name policy in the last quarter of the 19th and in the early 20th century. In the introductory section the proprial status of the names of military units (which constitute a part of military chrematonymy) is discussed. An attempt is made to outline the location of these names on the classifi-catory map of chrematonomastics as well. A brief discussion of the historical and terminological background of the Austro-Hungarian military unit names follows. The most important concepts of the theory of name and naming policy are outlined. The presentation of the analysed onymic mate-rial covers unit names included in the officer lists (Schematismen) of the Austro-Hungarian forces as well as names present in the paper seals (Verschlussmarken). On the basis of the material, polymorphism of the discussed names is shown in the sense that obligatory and facultative elements of the names may appear in different ways and within various syntactic name models, depending on the context (including continuous text within which a name is used). Two main syntactic models of the discussed names are proposed. The orthographic and syntactic rules of unit numbering and the ways of embedding geographical names and names of patrons and honorary regiment owners (Inhaber) into unit names are outlined. The meaning and spelling of the expressions imperial-royal (k.k. = kaiserlich-königlich) and imperial and royal (k.u.k. = kaiserlich und königlich) are explained.


2020 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 84-93
Author(s):  
M. B. Plyukhanova ◽  

The article is based on the idea that fi ve Dostoevsky’s novels can be interpreted as one continuous text. This opinion has already been expressed by Vyacheslav Ivanov, Petr Bitsilli and others, in various frameworks. The article shows how certain scenes and details migrate from one novel to the other, gaining key positions in the novels’ structure. Scenes involving a coffi n with the body of a victim (a woman, a child), are analyzed: flowers, birds, a fly acquire different functions and meanings in such scenes in "Crime and Punishment", "The Idiot", "The Eternal Husband", "The Brothers Karamazov". The concept of one continuous work («great novel», or «super-novel») takes shape through correspondences and contrasts between such images and details.


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