The Mechanism Causing an Increase in Farmland Transfer Rent and the Restraining Effect of High Rent on Grain Production

The rent of farmland transfer represents the economic realization of farmland contracts and management rights of agricultural households. A three-stage dynamic game model with three players is constructed in this paper to study the mechanism causing an increase in farmland transfer rent. Based on the theory of producer equilibrium and production possibility boundaries, this paper studies the restraining effect of high rent on grain production and analyzes the factors that prevent the decline in grain production at present. Combined with the process of farmland transfer in a village, both the mechanism causing an increase in farmland transfer rent and the restraining effect of high rent on grain production are empirically analyzed. The conclusion is as follows: the basic direction of farmland transfer is from farmers with a low production capacity to farmers with a high production capacity, and the rent level is determined by the transferors with high production capacity; about half of the economies of scale profits and two-thirds of transferees’ subsidies are converted into farmland transfer rents. High farmland transfer rent reinforces “nongrain” and “nonagricultural” behaviors. Finally, it is suggested that farmers should be given vocational training in agricultural production, “farmland transfer tax” should be levied on excessive farmland transfer rent, and transferees should be subsidized for grain production.

Speculative housing markets and rent control: insights from nonlinear economic dynamics

We propose a novel housing market model to explore the effectiveness of rent control. Our model reveals that the expectation formation and learning behavior of boundedly rational homebuyers, switching between extrapolative and regressive expectation rules subject to their past forecasting accuracy, may create endogenous housing market dynamics. We show that policymakers may use rent control to reduce the rent level, although such policies may have undesirable effects on the house price and the housing stock. However, we are also able to prove that well-designed rent control may help policymakers to stabilize housing market dynamics, even without creating housing market distortions.

Extreme Parties and Political Rents

We study the rent-seeking behavior of political parties in a proportional representation system. In our model, the final policy choice of the parliament is a weighted average of parties’ policy positions, weights being their vote shares. An extreme party chooses a higher rent level than a moderate party in exchange for greater policy influence, except in some cases of unlikely distributions of parties. Moreover, political rents are not eliminated even with free entry, unless the entry cost is arbitrarily small.

Increasing the efficiency of budget investment of entrepreneurial activity in Ukraine

Purpose. The aim of the article is identification of budget investment trends in Ukraine and development of recommendations for increasing the efficiency of capital investments as the main form of budget investments in the development of domestic entrepreneurship. Methodology of research. The results of the study are based on the use of abstract and logical analysis (to determine the essence of capital investments as the main form of budget investment in the development of domestic entrepreneurship in Ukraine) and statistical analysis (to study the dynamics of budget investment from state and local budgets). Theoretical and methodological basis of the study is the key provisions, principles and methods of modern economic theory, finance and economics. Findings. It is established that in order to increase the efficiency of capital investments as the main form of budget investments in the development of domestic entrepreneurship, there is a need to apply transparency of evaluation and competitive selection of investment projects and programs for the development of territories aimed at activating and stimulating entrepreneurial activity in priority areas. The use of step-by-step financing of budget investments from the budget of development of local budgets is substantiated, provided that medium-term and therefore strategic expenditure planning is implemented. It is proposed to reimburse interest rates on loans for entrepreneurs who implement priority development projects of the territories, creating new jobs in accordance with the strategy of modernization of the system of social support for the population, which will allow to increase the efficiency of budget investment at the level of all regions of our country. Originality. Recommendations for increasing the efficiency of capital investments as the main form of budget investment in the development of domestic entrepreneurship by establishing the lease of land as the difference between the actual rent and the amount of a single tax from the entrepreneurs of group IV are developed. Practical value. The results of the conducted study can be used by domestic enterprises and local governments to stimulate the development of entrepreneurial activity. This will increase the financial and economic efficiency of local budget revenues from agricultural land operations, either at the lower rent level or at the lower single tax rate. Key words: capital investments; budget investments; budget; financing; strategic planning; entrepreneurship.

Comparative Study on the Choice of Muslim migrants Residence in Xi’an and Lanzhou Cities, China

Residential choice is one of the basic contents of urban adaptation of the floating population and an important aspect in determining the quality of life in the city. This study is for Muslim migrants with three attributes (minority, floating population and religious belief). The purpose is to reveal the commonalities and differences in the choice of living spaces of Muslim Migrants in multi-ethnic cities Lanzhou and Xi’an, to provide guidance for the targeted management of Muslim migrants and promote their urban integration. Based on available research data from 2017-2019, the study adopts spatial analysis and regression analysis to explore the results of the selection of Muslim migrants living space in two cities and its influencing factors. The main conclusions are as follows: 1) The commonality of Muslim migrants living space in the two cities lies in: the distribution pattern of “Living around the mosque and running business nearby the mosque” still exists. The living space of Muslim migrants consists of points (mosques), lines (streets or traffic lines), and faces (inhabited areas), forming a spatial distribution pattern of the “mosque + community” residential circle. Differences: Muslim migrants in Hui’s street, Xi’an, taking the “Mosque-alley system” as an independent social organization, and their living space presents a " mosque-alley Interlaced" distribution. Muslim migrants living in the urban village community on the periphery of Hui’s street take "mosque" and "farm market" as the dual core, showing the “core (mosque/market) + community” inlaid living space situation. The Muslim migrants in Lanzhou generally live around the mosque or close to the streets and roads that lead to mosque. 2). In terms of commonality, the living choices of Muslim migrants in both cities consider the distance from the place of work, the mosque or the Muslim community to the place of residence. In terms of differences, the residential choice of Muslim migrants in Xi’an is mainly influenced by the composition of the living, the income of wages, and the nature of the occupation. The choice is mainly influenced by the rent level, occupational nature and wage income of the house; and the main influencing factors of the choice of Muslim migrants in Lanzhou are the education level and the rent level of the house. The main influencing factors of residential location selection are education level and mobility purpose. The level of education, traditional living customs, and rent levels have become the core factors determining the urban accommodation adaptation of Muslim migrants.

Rental Housing Market in Riga: Price Determinants and Lesson Keys of Helsinki

The research focuses on the rental housing market in Riga and reveals that among factors that affect the rent level in neighbourhoods of Riga the most are distance from the city centre, neighbourhood safety, quality of housing and transport infrastructure, access to shopping malls, and employment opportunities. The aim of the research is to analyse the housing market in Riga, by putting a special focus on price determinants and lesson keys of Helsinki. Quantitative and qualitative research methods are used in the paper with the biggest contribution being extraction and analysis of data about more than 1800 rental apartments in Riga from the largest Latvian online real estate advertisement platform. Quantitative analysis is based on investigating relationships between average rent levels in different neighbourhoods of Riga and index values of 23 urban environment factors. In addition, the rental housing market in Helsinki is researched, emphasising few guidelines for rental housing market improvements in Riga, such as introducing government subsidies.

Land evaluation data bank of Slovakia

Precise categorisation and permanent and completed evidence of agricultural land are necessary for rational utilisation of land fund in Slovakia. Current complex evaluation information system is the only system of this category in our country and consists of the following parts: (1) land-cartographic information system, (2) evaluation data bank. Evaluation data bank includes data about all evaluated soil-ecological units in basic classification, according to users, cadastral areas and higher units of administrative state division. Evaluation data bank is open system updated, improved and widened constantly. It is important source of information used for calculation of land fund evaluation, calculation of financial damage, calculation of land tax, setting of land rent level, estimate of orientation prices for purchase or sales of agricultural land. Recently the data from evaluation data bank have been used for setting and specification of criteria for classification of agricultural land and subjects into the less-favoured areas in Slovakia.

Mietpreissenkungen lösen das Leerstandsproblem nicht / Reductions of Rents do not Solve the East German Vacancy Problem

SummaryKristof Dascher’s (2005) hypothesis that the level of vacant accommodation in eastern Germany can be mitigated by lowering housing rents can be countered by an argument based on alternative, but market-oriented costs from the housing economy, which postulates that from the owners’ point of view the alternatives of demolition, vacancy or rental can be optimal depending on the situation. However, if the gross rent level is reduced by 20% the reservation rent level is reached where owners become indifferent between rental and vacancy. In view of the low elasticities in housing demand, such rent reductions are far from sufficient to eradicate vacancies.