scholarly journals Research on the Training Method of Clinical Thinking in Human Anatomy Teaching

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 82
Author(s):  
Gaigai Su

<p><span lang="EN-US">Human anatomy is a science to study the normal human body shape and structure. It is an important basic medical course, and closely related to various medical disciplines, especially to clinical medicine. Under the concept of comprehensive quality education, anatomy teachers should not only impart theoretical knowledge and professional skills, but also pay attention to the cultivation of students’ clinical thinking ability, so as to lay a solid foundation for students’ subsequent professional study and clinical practice. This paper focuses on the training of clinical thinking in human anatomy teaching.</span></p>

Author(s):  
А.Б. Салтыков ◽  
С.В. Грачев

Редукционистский подход в медицине рассматривает живые системы в качестве закрытых (замкнутых) образований, функции которых полностью детерминированы свойствами соответствующих материальных компонентов. Каждое нарушение функции объясняется предшествующими изменениями структур, реализующих эту функцию. Из этого следует, что любая патология структурно-функциональна по своей сути, а понятие «функциональные заболевания» - принципиально ошибочно из-за искажения причинно-следственных отношений. По мере прогресса медицины ожидается открытие собственно первичных структурных маркеров «функциональных» заболеваний, что будет иметь решающее значение для их ранней диагностики и патогенетического лечения (ориентированного прежде всего, на устранение первичного звена расстройств). Вместе с тем, в медицине существует более общий холистический (функционально ориентированный) подход, формирующий иной стереотип клинического мышления. В этих рамках любая патология объясняется недостаточностью адаптивных функций организма в изменившихся условиях существования. Обычно сложный характер функциональных взаимодействий делает невозможным их описание на основе текущих характеристик материальных компонентов системы, особенно при воздействии на организм внешних патогенных факторов. Именно внешние воздействия способны инициировать первичный дефицит адаптивных механизмов с заведомо вторичными структурными изменениями, что позволяет перестать рассматривать «функциональные болезни» как принципиально ошибочное понятие. Первичный дефицит функций наиболее нагляден при информационной патологии, идеальная природа которой не сводится к соответствующим материальным носителям. Все это ставит под сомнение возможность обнаружения собственно первичных структурных маркеров некоторых заболеваний, особенно если в их основе лежит информационная патология (невроз, нервная анорексия, психическая аменорея, морская болезнь, некоторые формы фантомных болей и др.). Reductionist approach in medicine considers living systems as closed (closed) formations whose functions are completely determined by the properties of the corresponding material components. Each disturbance of the function is explained by previous changes in the structures that realize this function. From this it follows that any pathology is structurally functional in its essence, and the concept of «functional diseases» is fundamentally erroneous because of the distortion of cause-effect relationships. As medicine progresses, the actual primary structural markers of «functional» diseases are expected to be discovered, which will be crucial for their early diagnosis and pathogenetic treatment (primarily aimed at eliminating the primary link of disorders). At the same time, in medicine there is a more general holistic (functionally oriented) approach, forming a different stereotype of clinical thinking. Within this framework, any pathology is due to the lack of adaptive functions of the organism in the changed conditions of existence. Usually the complex nature of functional interactions makes it impossible to describe them on the basis of the current characteristics of the material components of the system, especially when external pathogenic factors influence the organism. It is external actions that can initiate a primary deficit of adaptive mechanisms with known secondary structural changes, which allows us to stop treating «functional diseases» as a fundamentally wrong concept. The primary deficit of functions is most evident in information pathology, the ideal nature of which is not reduced to the corresponding material carriers. All this calls into question the possibility of detecting the primary structural markers of certain diseases, especially if they are based on information pathology (neurosis, anorexia nervosa, mental amenorrhea, seasickness, some forms of phantom pains, etc.).


2014 ◽  
Vol 926-930 ◽  
pp. 4004-4007
Author(s):  
Zhang Peng ◽  
Ji Liang ◽  
Shen Lei

PBL (Problem-Based Learning) method is to problem for based of a method, teaching process in the teachers boot students based on specific problem read information, and organization discussion, eventually boot students to analysis problem and settlement problem; in human anatomy teaching in the application PBL method, change has traditional teaching means, enhanced has students of learning consciousness and sense, improve has students multi cognitive and overall thinking capacity, in students of active participation in the training they of team spirit At the same time flexible application of modern information technology, improving organizational communication skills; The proper application of PBL teaching theory to teaching human anatomy to improve student interest in learning, improve teaching effectiveness, and lay a solid foundation for the future of PBL teaching other courses.


2001 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 234-235
Author(s):  
E. S. Valishin

Khabibulla Nurmukhametovich Amirov was born on May 18, 1901 in the village of Tat. Tashaevo of the Nurlatsky district of Tatarstan in a working peasant family. His early desire for knowledge prompted him to move to his brother in Chita as a child, where he graduated from the parish school of the 1st stage in 1916, and in 1923 from the parish school of the 2nd stage. Having shown outstanding performance, curiosity and a great thirst for knowledge over the years of study, after graduating from college, he was sent to continue his studies at the Medical Faculty of Kazan State University. From the very first days of his stay at the university, he takes up his studies with great zeal, paying great attention to a new and unfamiliar subject normal human anatomy. However, experiencing great financial difficulties, he was forced to interrupt his studies at the university. From 1924 to 1927, the young man worked as a nurse in the Zabulachno-Pletenevsky skin and venereological dispensary of the Tatnarkomzdrav, and only after the appointment of a special family scholarship, he was able to continue his studies.


2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-82
Author(s):  
I.V. Bobina ◽  
◽  
V.I. Kravtsova ◽  

The article presents not only the official data on the professor of the Department of Normal Human Anatomy at Kharkiv National Medical University, Academician of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences of National Progress, Honorary Academician of the International Academy of Integrative Anthropology, Doctor of Medical Sciences Vladimir Viktorovich Bobin, but also the memories of students and relatives of the scientist. Shownthe portrait of an intellectual person, Teacher, a loving father and grandfather, such as Professor V.V. Bobin. In the article, the biography of the scientist is shown against the background of historical events in the country. The role of father Viktor Vladimirovich Bobin and academician Vladimir Petrovich Vorobyov in the formation of the character and scientific interests of V.V. Bobin.


2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shibabaw Tedla Tiruneh ◽  
Belta Asnak Abegaz ◽  
Abebe Ayalew Bekel ◽  
Yibeltal Wubale Adamu ◽  
Mengistu Desalegn Kiros ◽  
...  

Abstract Objective: The objective of this study was to identify college facility related factors affecting medical students’ academic performance in human anatomy course. Result: A total of 120 study participants were included in the study. Off which 81 (67.5%) were male while 39 (32.5%) were females. Dormitory crowdedness (AOR 3.16 (95% CI: 2.01-.83, p= 0.11), large class size (AOR = 2.36; 95%CI: 1.11- 4.64 p = 0.005), inadequate classroom facilities (AOR = 1.56; 95%CI: 1.51-4.91, p = 0.001), low internet access (AOR = 1.99; 95%CI: 1.07-3.22, p = 0.015) and inadequate anatomy teaching model (AOR = 2.63; 95%CI: 1.17 - 6.12, p =0.003) were significantly associated with low performance in human anatomy course exam. However, college library (AOR = 0.23; 95%CI: 0.1-0.48 p = 0.061) did not showed significant association with academic performance (p = 0.61). As a conclusion, dormitory crowdedness, large class size, inadequate classroom facilities, low internet access and inadequate anatomy-teaching models were independent factors, which affect performance of medical students in human anatomy course exam. However, there was no significant association between college library and performance of study participants in human anatomy course exam.


Author(s):  
T. J. Joyce ◽  
P McCormack

Bioengineering is a multidisciplinary subject which necessitates that engineering students, who typically have no knowledge of medicine, must quickly and effectively gain a thorough understanding of the complexities of human anatomy. Teaching on a Bioengineering module at Newcastle University’s School of Mechanical and Systems Engineering employed a combination of Primal Pictures anatomical software, bespoke teaching materials and peer to peer learning. This allowed Bioengineering students to quickly construct an understanding of anatomical principles which they used in individual, assessed projects on total joint replacement. Anonymised, written feedback gathered from the students revealed overwhelmingly positive learning experiences and assessed projects indicated deep knowledge of the anatomical descriptions necessary to understand and work with the science of joint replacement.


Folia Medica ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 175-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Themistoklis Tzatzairis ◽  
Jannis V. Papathanasiou ◽  
Athanasios Ververidis ◽  
Ioannis Kazakos ◽  
Georgios Drosos ◽  
...  

Abstract Radio-opaque formations behind the spinous processes of the cervical spine are really rare. They were described in 1929 for the first time. Sesamoid ossicles are found close to a bone or a joint and are usually small. Some sesamoids form part of normal human anatomy, while others are normal anatomical variants. We report a case of a 73-year-old Caucasian male who visited the outpatient clinic complaining about chronic cervical pain. An oblong sesamoid accidentally discovered during routine anteroposterior (AP) and lateral x-ray, within the nuchal ligament (NL) at the C3-C6 spinous processes level. A cervical MRI scan was performed and the result showed ‘fabella nuchae’. This type of sesamoids are rarely symptomatic, but it should be differentially diagnosed anyway. We review its morphology, the mechanical factors of the region acting throughout life and last, but not least, the differential diagnosis.


2019 ◽  
Vol 68 ◽  
pp. 02015
Author(s):  
Dzintra Kazoka ◽  
Mara Pilmane

The main aim of this study is to present the usage and importance of 3D dissection tools in the teaching and learning of Anatomy and to describe and explain our experience with Anatomage Table in Human Anatomy studies at Rıga Stradiņš University. In 2017–2018 two 3D dissection tools (scalpels) were used every week in work with Anatomage Table during the practical classes. As methods for collecting data were used discussions between students and teachers. Together 200 students of the Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry were involved in this study. It was possible to create incisions and cuts in order to remove and uncover different layers of organic tissues, to move deep inside step by step and find out which structures it was necessary to look for. Afterwards students showed that they were able to place the organs back and reattach the bones, muscles, blood vessels in the body and put the skin back on. Students enjoyed virtual tools in the practical classes and learned the material better. Virtual tools helped students and tutors to easily understand and memorize different anatomy structures. 3D scalpels were useful for different education activities, but the learning experience may be suitable further for the study of real materials.


1946 ◽  
Vol 133 (872) ◽  
pp. 235-248 ◽  

Since a review of the conditions under which siderocytes appear will support a hypothesis that it is an ageing erythrocyte at least as strongly as Grüneberg’s (1941 a ) theory that it should be considered as a young cell, a search was made in blood films of stored mammalian blood and large numbers of siderocytes were found. The conditions affecting the rate of appearance of the siderocytes were studied, and it was found that adverse conditions would hasten their appearance. The relationship of the siderotic material to the 'easily split’ blood iron was also considered, and it seems probable that both are derived from a special and identical fraction of ‘haemoglobin’, and that this phenomenon is related to an intracorpuscular bile pigment formation. The occurrence of siderocytosis after the ingestion of acetyl phenylhydrazine by a ‘normal’ human being was followed, and a close correlation between siderocytosis, erythrocyte destruction and urinary siderosis as described by Peyton Rous (1918) is shown. The siderocyte extrudes its siderotic granules and reverts to a state at present morphologically indistinguishable from the normal erythrocyte, but appears to be susceptible of phagocytosis at this stage. The application of siderocyte counts to clinical medicine is suggested.


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