scholarly journals Production and Screening of Streptomyces-Extracellular Chitinase

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Sani ◽  
Aminu Argungu Umar ◽  
Evelyn Uzoamaka Udeze
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Ammonium Sulphate ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chitinase Production

The aim of this research was to produce Streptomyces-extracellular chitinase and screen its antifungal activity on a clinically isolated Candida albicans. The Streptomyces were isolated from an agricultural farmland; they were identified and screened for the chitinase production. Effects of time, temperature, pH and nitrogen sources on the chitinase production were determined using standard methods. Ammonium sulphate precipitation was used to partially purify the chitinase. Protein concentrations were determined spectrophotometrically using bovine serum albumin as standard. Agar-well diffusion method was used to evaluate the antifungal activity of the chitinase on C. albicans. The isolated Streptomyces were of three (3) strains, and all the strains are Gram positive, catalase positive, oxidase positive while, Strain A and C are indole positive and only Strain B is citrate positive. The maximum chitinase production was at 72 h, 40°C and when yeast extract was used as the nitrogen source. Ammonium sulphate (80%) precipitation yielded the highest enzyme activity of 39.0U/ml. The maximum enzyme activity was observed at temperature of 40oC, pH 5.5 and 1.0% colloidal chitin (substrate). The partially purified chitinase showed a zone of inhibition of 20.11 ± 1.26 mm against the Candida albicans. This result has no significant difference (P>0.05) when compared with that of the standard drug (Fluconazole) with 21.42 ± 0.08 mm zone of inhibition. These findings suggest that Streptomyces at favourable conditions produce chitinase, and this enzyme can be used as an antifungal agent on Candida albicans and other chitin containing fungi.

SYNTHESIS AND EVALUATION OF SOME SUBSTITUTED 2-AMINOTHIAZOLE DERIVATIVES FOR THEIR ANTITUBERCULAR, ANTIMICROBIAL & ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY

INDIAN DRUGS ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 49 (01) ◽  
pp. 24-32
Author(s):  
S. R. Pattan ◽  
◽  
S. H Kale ◽  
R. A. Mali ◽  
S. S. Dengale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Antifungal Agents ◽  
Antitubercular Activity ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
E Coli ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
Antimicrobial And Antifungal Activity ◽  
Micro Organisms

Millions of people are affected by infectious diseases caused by micro-organisms. Further the widespread microbial resistance had renewed the interest in quest for new antitubercular, antimicrobial & antifungal agents. The present study deals with synthesis & evaluation of some substituted 2-aminothiazole derivatives for their antitubercular, antimicrobial and antifungal activity. 2-aminothiazole derivatives were synthesized by treating substituted acetophenones with thiourea in presence of bromine to give 2-amino 4-substituted phenylthizole and then further treated with chloracetyl chloride to give 2-chloro-N-(4-substituted phenylthizole-2-yl)-acetamide which on refluxing with primary amine gives 15 derivatives. All the synthesized compounds were characterized by IR, H-NMR and elemental analysis.All the synthesized compounds were screened for their antibacterial activity against S. aureus and E. coli by using cup plate agar diffusion method. The activity was measured in terms of zone of inhibition and compared with standard drug ciprofloxacin, sulfonamide. The aminothiazole derivatives were evaluated for antitubercular activity and their result were compared with standard streptomycin.

scholarly journals Antifungal Activity of the Essential Oil of Echinops kebericho Mesfin: An In Vitro Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Tamirat Bekele Beressa ◽  
Serawit Deyno ◽  
Paul E. Alele
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Cryptococcus Neoformans ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Standard Drug

Background. Echinops kebericho is an endemic medicinal plant in Ethiopia widely used in the treatment of infectious and noninfectious diseases. Essential oils are known for their antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, insecticidal, and antioxidant properties. This study evaluated the antifungal activity of essential oil from E. kebericho against four common pathogenic fungi and two standard strains. Methods. The essential oil was obtained by hydrodistillation. The antifungal screening was done by agar well diffusion method. Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined by broth microdilution. Minimal fungicidal concentrations (MFCs) were determined by subculturing fungal strains with no visible growth onto a Sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA) plate. Results. Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans were highly sensitive while Aspergillus flavus did not show sensitivity up to 1 mg/ml of essential oil; MICs ranged from 0.083 mg/ml to 0.208 mg/ml. Concentration and fungal species showed significant dose-dependent associations ( p < 0.0001 ) with antifungal activity. The MICs of essential oil were comparable to those of the standard drug (fluconazole) against C. glabrata and C. krusei. The lowest MFC of the essential oil was observed against Candida parapsilosis (0.145 mg/ml) while the highest MFC was against Candida krusei (0.667 mg/ml). Conclusion. Echinops kebericho essential oil showed noteworthy antifungal activity against Cryptococcus neoformans, Candida albicans, and Candida glabrata and could be a potential candidate for further antifungal drug development.

scholarly journals Screening of Antimicrobial Activity of Various Extracts of the Stem Justicia gendarussa

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Dhanapal Venkatachalam ◽  
Akhib Rahman ◽  
Basil Sunny ◽  
Jensy Jacob ◽  
Nikhil Kuriyan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Pathogenic Fungus ◽  
Hexane Extract ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal

Objective: The present study was designed to check in-vitro efficacy of Antibacterial and antifungal activity of aqueous and hexane extracts of stem of Justicia gendarussa against selected bacterial and fungal strains. Justicia gendarussa, belonging to the family Acanthaceae, commonly known as ‘‘vatham kolli’ was used in treatment of bronchitis, inflammation, eye diseases, ear ache, vaginal discharges, rheumatism, dysentery, eczema and jaundice. Methodology: Hexane and aqueous extracts of Justicia gendarussa was used for antimicrobial screening. Antibacterial activity was tested against pathogenic bacterial strains Eschericha coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Also antifungal activity was tested against one human pathogenic fungal strain i.e. Candida albicans. Antibacterial and antifungal activities of Justicia gendarussa extract was carried out by using disc diffusion method. Results: Aqueous extract of Justicia gendarussa showed the largest zone of inhibition (5mm) against Eschericha coli, at 50µgm/ml and 3mmzone of inhibition against S. aures, at 50µgm/ml. Hexane extract does not   showing activity against to human pathogenic E. coli and S. aures, at 50µgm/ml. Aqueous extract has shown more potent antibacterial activity against Eschericha coli. Aqueous extract was found to be more effective against human pathogenic fungus Candida albicuns than hexane extract and standard drug. The zone of inhibition of Aqueous extract was 11mm and the zone of inhibition of hexane extract was7mm and standard only 2mm.The phytochemical screening demonstrated the presence of different types of compounds like terpenoids, tannins, and flavonoids which may contribute for the anti-microbial action of this plant. Conclusions: These findings provide scientific evidence of traditional use of Justicia gendarussa and also indicate the potential of this plant for the development of antimicrobial agents.

scholarly journals Antibacterial and Antifungal Activity Analysis of Essential Oil of Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 7-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Puspa Das ◽  
Shoma Dutta ◽  
Jaripa Begum ◽  
Md Nural Anwar
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Pogostemon Cablin ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal

The essential oil of Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth, also known as Patchouli oil was subjected for its antimicrobial investigation against a panel of ten human pathogenic bacteria and six human pathogenic fungi by Agar well diffusion method and Macrobroth dilution technique using Ampicillin (20ìg/well) and Nystatin (20ìg/well) as control. Antibacterial activity revealed that, the essential oil was more active against Gram positive bacteria than Gram negative bacteria. The largest zone of inhibition was 35 mm (against Bacillus cereus) with 20 ìl of oil. Ditermination of Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) showed that, Bacillus cereus exhibited the lowest MIC (250 ìg/ml) and MBC (750 ìg/ml). The oil showed moderate antifungal activity against all tested organisms. Candida albicans showed greater zone of inhibition (16 mm) than Saccharomyces cerevisiae (14 mm) with 20 ìl and Candida albicans showed lowest MIC and MFC (both were 750 ìg/ml). The zone of inhibition was 25 mm for each filamentous fungal strain with 20 ìl, except for Rhizopus oligosporus (15 mm) and the lowest MIC (250 ìg/ml) and MFC (500 ìg/ml) were reported for Aspergillus fumigatus.Bangladesh J Microbiol, Volume 30, Number 1-2,June-Dec 2013, pp 7-10

scholarly journals Aktivitas Antijamur Air Perasan Daun Seledri (Apium graveolens L.) Terhadap Candida albicans Secara In Vitro

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 102
Author(s):  
Patra Inova Ardelia ◽  
Fauzia Andrini ◽  
M Yulis Hamidy
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Fungicidal Activity ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Apium Graveolens ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Hoc

Celery (Apium graveolens L.) has been known as traditional medicine. Apigenin is one of active component in Celeryleaf that has fungicidal activity, so celery leaf’s extortion suspected has fungicidal activity to Candida albicans. Apigenincan solved in water. The aim of this research was to know antifungal activity of celery leaf’s extortion againsts Candidaalbicans in vitro.This is a laboratory experimental research by using completely randomized design and disc diffusion method. Celeryleaf’s extortion was divided into 3 concentrations, there were 25%, 50% and 100%. Ketoconazole 2% was used aspositive control and aquadest as negative control. The result of this research was based on analysis of variance, therewas significant difference between minimal 2 treatment (p=0.000) and confirmed with Post Hoc test, there were significantdifference in all treatments. As the conclusion, celery leaf’s extortion had antifungal activity againsts Candida albicansin vitro with the best concentration 50% but smaller than ketoconazole 2%.

scholarly journals UJI POTENSI ANTIJAMUR CANDIDA ALBICANS EKSTRAK DAUN GELINGGANG (CASSIA ALATA L.) DIBANDINGKAN DENGAN SEDIAAN DAUN SIRIH YANG BEREDAR DI PASARAN SECARA IN VITRO

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 108
Author(s):  
Yustini Alioes ◽  
Amalia Kartika
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Vaginal Discharge ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Povidone Iodine ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Cassia Alata ◽  
Betel Leaf ◽  
Significant Difference

ABSTRAK           Candida albicansmerupakan salah satu contoh mikroorganisme patogenik penyebab infeksi pada bagianlumenorgan tubuh manusia yang berbentuk saluran. Candida albicanspada saluran reproduksi dan saluran urinaria wanita sering dikenal dengan “penyakit keputihan”. Salah satu cara mengatasi munculnya keputihan adalah dengan membersihkan daerah kewanitaan menggunakan larutan antiseptik seperti povidone iodine. Masyarakat pada umumnya juga menggunakan sediaan daun sirih yang telah beredar di pasaran. Sediaan ini juga dikenal sebagai antiseptik sehingga dapat menghambat pertumbuhan C. Albicans,selain daun sirih (Piper bitleL.), ternyata daun gelinggang atau ketepeng cina (Cassia alataL.) juga memiliki aktivitas antibakteri dan antijamur.           Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental dengan menggunakan isolat jamur C.albicans. Proses ekstraksi daun gelinggang dilakukan dengan teknik maserasi menggunakan pelarut metanol, alkohol 96%, dietil eter, dan infusa. Ekstrak dan SDS diuji aktivitas antijamurnya dengan menggunakan metode difusi agar menggunakan kertas cakram. Analisis uji ini dilakukan dengan mengukur zona hambatan ekstrak dan sediaan daun sirih terhadap pertumbuhan jamur.          Analisis nilai persentase aktivitas zona hambat ekstrak metanol daun C.alata menunjukkan tidak adanya perbedaan yang signifikan dengan SDS 1 (asymp. Sig.= 0,245) dan dengan SDS 2 (asymp. Sig. = 0,882) dalam menghambat pertumbuhan jamurC.albicans.Ekstrak metanol daun gelinggang memiliki efektifitas yang hampir sama dengan dua kelompok perlakuan SDS yang beredar di pasaran(SDS 1 dan SDS 2).Kata kunci: Antijamur, Candida albicans, sediaan daun sirih (SDS), ekstrak daun Gelinggang (Cassia alata L.). ABSTRACT Candida albicans is one of pathogenic microorganisms that cause infections in the lumen of the organs of human body in the shape of the channel. Candida albicans in the reproductive tract and women urunaria tract is often known as "diseases of vaginal discharge". One way of overcoming the appearance of vaginal discharge is to clean the area using an antiseptic solution of femininity such as povidone iodine. Society in General also use material of betel leaf that has been circulating in the market. This material is also known as an antiseptic so that it can inhibit the growth of C. albicans. In addition to the betel leaf (Piper bitle l.), turns the leaves gelinggang or Chinese ketepeng (Cassia alata L.) also has antibacterial and antifungal activity.             The objective of this study was to compare the test potential antifungal Candida albicans gelinggang leaves (Cassia alata L.) with material of betel leaf that already circulating in the market(SDS).This research is experimental research using fungal isolates of C. albicans. The extraction process of leaf gelinggang done with the technique of maceration using methanol solvent, 96% alcohol, diethyl ether, and infusa. Extract and SDS tested of antifungal activity by using diffusion method using paper discs. The analysis of the test is done by measuring the resistance zone extracts and preparations betel leaf against mold growth.         The analysis of the value of the percentage of the activity of the methanol extracts of the leaves of the inhibitory zones c. alata indicates the absence of a significant difference with the SDS 1 (asymp. Sig. = 0.245) and with SDS 2 (asymp. Sig. = 0.882) in inhibiting the growth of c. albicans yeast.The methanol extract of gelinggang leaves treatment has effectiveness similar to the treatment of the two groups of SDS (SDS 1 and SDS 2) that is circulating in the market.Keywords: Antifungal preparations, Candida albicans, Betel leaf (SDS), Gelinggang leaf extract (Cassia alata L.).

scholarly journals Uji aktivitas antifungi ekstrak etanol daun cabai jawa (Piper retrofractum) terhadap pertumbuhan candida albicans

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 36-42
Author(s):  
EVI ROSYIDA SARI ◽  
ESTU RETNANINGTYAS NUGRAHENI
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Activity Test ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Piper Retrofractum ◽  
One Way Anova ◽  
Concentration Series ◽  
Selection Of

Sari ER, Nugraheni ER. 2013. Antifungal activity test of Piper retrofractum leaf ethanol extract on Candida albicans growth. Biofarmasi 13: 36-42. Candida albicans is a pathogenic microbe infecting vagina, thrush (fungal infection on mouth cavity) and paronichia (the presence of pus on nail pad). The less effective treatment system, and the incidence of toxicity on several antifungal lead to the selection of alternative medication (treatment) from the secondary metabolite compounds of flavonoid, alkaloid and saponin existing in java chili (Piper retrofractum Vahl) leaf. This research aimed to examine the antifungal activity of javanese chili (Piper retrofractum Vahl) leaf ethanol extract on Candida albicans, as well as to determine the antifungal properties of antifungal activity of javanese chili leaf ethanol extract. The extract was obtained by maceration using 70% ethanol. The ethanol extract obtained was 57.895 gram with the specimen of 7.61% (b/w). The result of phytochemical screening showed the presence of flavonoid, saponin and alkaloid compounds, all of those were antifungal. The examination of antifungal activity of javanese chili leaf ethanol extract was performed by using a diffusion method and the concentration series of 10-100% by adding DMSO as a diluent and it was performed with 3 times of repetition. The result of DDH was analyzed using CRD (Completely Random Design) with one-way ANOVA at a confidence interval of 95% and LSD to find out the significant difference between the concentration series. The result of antifungal activity examination showed that the ethanol extract at 40% concentration provided more effective DDH on C. albicans of 5.54±0,64 mm. The result of examination was processed by using one-way ANOVA and LSD indicating a significant difference (p<0.05) between the concentration series. At 40% concentration, the antifungal examination was performed on C. albicans. The result showed that the javanese chili leaf ethanol extract was a fungiostatic against the tested fungus.

Aktivitas Antifungi Air Perasan Bawang Merah (Allium ascalonicum L.) Terhadap Candida albicans Secara In Vitro

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
Nurhasanah Nurhasanah ◽  
Fauzia Andrini ◽  
Yulis Hamidy
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Allium Sativum ◽  
Fungicidal Activity ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

Shallot (Allium ascalonicum L.) has been known as traditional medicine. Shallot which has same genus with garlic(Allium sativum L.) contains allicin that is also found in garlic and has been suspected has fungicidal activity toCandida albicans. It is supported by several researches. Therefore, shallot is suspected has antifungal activity too.The aim of this research was to know antifungal activity of shallot’s water extortion againsts Candida albicans invitro. This was a laboratory experimental research which used completely randomized design, with diffusion method.Shallot’s water extortion was devided into three concentrations, there were 50%, 100% and 200%. Ketoconazole 2%was positive control and aquadest was negative control. The result of this research based on analysis of varians(Anova), there was significant difference between several treatments and was confirmed with Duncan New MultipleRange Test (DNMRT) p<0,05, there was significant difference between 100% shallot’s water extortion with othertreatments, but there was no significant difference between 50% shallot’s water extortion with 200% shallot’s. Theconclusion was shallot’s water extortion had antifungal activity againsts Candida albicans with the best concentration100%, but it was lower than ketoconazole 2%.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the anti-mycotic activity of Rosemary Oil Against Candida al-bicans

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 1228-1232
Author(s):  
Shebi S ◽  
Geetha RV ◽  
Lakshmi Thangavelu Lakshmi Thangavelu
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Disc Diffusion Method ◽  
Rosemary Oil ◽  
Athlete’S Foot ◽  
Systemic Infections ◽  
Sterile Filter

An antifungal medication, also known as an antimycotic medication, is a pharmaceutical fungicide or fungistatic used to treat and prevent mycoses such as athlete's foot, ringworm, candidiasis, serious systemic infections such as Cryptococcal meningitis, and others. In traditional medicine, extracts and essential oil from flowers and leaves are used in the belief they may be useful to treat a variety of fungal disorders. The aim of this study was to analyse the antimycotic properties of rosemary oil and its principal components. The Rosemary oil was screened for antifungal activity by the disc diffusion method. Activated cultures of Candida albicans in Sabouraud’s broth was adjusted to 0.5 McFarland standards [108cfu/ml]. 100 µl of the inoculum was introduced to molten Sabourauds dextrose agar and poured in the sterile Petri plates and allowed to set. Sterile filter paper discs (6.0 mm diameter) impregnated with 25µl, 50µl and 100µl /disc were placed on fungal seeded plates and incubated at 28oC for 48 hrs. Clear zones within which fungal growth was absent were measured and recorded as the diameter (mm) of complete growth inhibition. All the concentrations of the test solution inhibited the fungal species with varying degree of sensitivity. The extract showed good antifungal activity at different concentrations with a maximum zone of inhibition of 38 mm at concentration 100µl. This study provides a sample large enough to determine the antifungal properties of Rosemary oil and suggests further studies for possible therapeutic use.

scholarly journals ANTIBACTERIAL AND ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES AGAINST NEISSERIA GONORRHOEAE AND CANDIDA ALBICANS

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 179-187
Author(s):  
Titik Taufikurohmah ◽  
Tasha Anandya Tantyani
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Neisseria Gonorrhoeae ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal Activity ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Fungal Inhibition ◽  
Inhibition Response ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal

This Research on the antibacterial and antifungal activity of nanosilver against Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Candida albincas fungi has been carried out. The purpose of this study was to determine antibacterial activity of nanosilver against Neisseria gonorrhoeae and antifungal activity against Candida albincas. Synthesis Nanosilver uses bottom up method and characterized using UV-Vis Spectrophotometer. Nanosliver concentrations used were 30, 40, 50, and 60 ppm. Antibacterial and antifungal activity tests using disk diffusion method. Observations obtained in form of the presence or absence of clear zones formed around paper discs indicate the inhibition of nanosilver on microbial growth. The results of testing the antifungal activity of Candida albicans on nanosilver with concentrations of 30, 40, 50 and 60 ppm resulted in clear zones of 9.73 nm, 11.46 nm, 11.93 nm, and 13 nm with fungal inhibition response categories is medium and strong. The results antibacterial activity test of Neisseria gonorrhoeae on nanosilver with concentrations of 30, 40, 50 and 60 ppm did not show any clear zone around the disc, it showed that nanosilver in this study did not have antibacterial activity against Neisseria gonorrhoeae.

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