The Phenomenon of Culture in the Philosophy of the French Enlightenment

The most relevant features of the French Enlightenment are studied in the article. One of the features is ambivalence, that was expressed in most of the theoretical judgments by representatives of the era. The main ideas of the French Enlightenment are presented through the prism of the historical formation of the basic concepts: nature, human brain, culture. It is emphasized that the main achievement of the enlighteners in the cultural reformation of society was to combat religious and moral prejudices. It is noted that the value of enlighteners is in their innovative attempt to create a progressive model of cultural development based on a naturalistic and mechanical and deterministic picture of the world. The philosophical and cultural analysis revealed the internal dynamics of the enlighteners' ideas from civilizational optimism to criticism of civilizational progress. It is concluded that the philosophical and theoretical legacy of the Enlightenment, in the framework of the development of a single paradigm, is integral, logical and actually complete, that made the most use of its methodological and heuristic potential.

Scientific and methodological analysis of educational material on physics in studying the topic "electromagnetic phenomena" in grades 8 and 9

The relevance of the study of the topic “Electromagnetic phenomena” lies in the widespread implementation of this scientific direction in various spheres of human activity. A content analysis of the various authors’ textbooks, historical background, theoretical and practical components necessary for studying electromagnetic phenomena in physics by pupils of 8–9 grades are defined. The possibilities of education material for formation of scientific worldview and development of physical thinking in schoolchildren are considered. There are intersubject and intrasubject communications of education material with other topics (in physics) and disciplines.

Ecological Trends of Modern Landscape Design

The author of the article outlines that at the end of the 20th and beginning of the 21st centuries, environmental problems were significantly aggravated in the world, which led to the loss of biological and landscape diversity, which significantly worsened the comfort of the human environment. The author also points out that in order to preserve and develop biological and landscape diversity, there is a need to develop and apply fundamentally new approaches of environmental design. The purpose of the study is to analyze the prerequisites and develop an ecological approach to the design of landscape architecture at the present stage. The object of research was the study of the formation and development of the principles of landscape and ecological architecture at the present stage of development. A general scientific method, based on the analysis of literary sources, systematization and generalization of theoretical and empirical data on the issue studied was applied. As a result of the study, it was found out that the basis of most modern urban land improvement and landscape gardening projects is the environmental principle, based on the restoration of ecosystems damaged as a result of anthropogenic activities. Landscaping projects carried out on the basis of the ecological design principle are aimed at preserving the natural topography and native vegetation on the territory of a particular object, its soil and hydrogeological conditions, using environmentally friendly materials and types of production, recycling and waste recycling, as well as wastewater treatment, reducing materials and labor input for the maintenance of the facility and much more.

Estestvennonauchnyi muzei kak faktor formirovaniia nauchno-filosofskogo myshleniia studenta (k 65-letiiu MZ MGU im. M.V. Lomonosova)

The role of the museum display of the Natural Zoning and Soil Formation Department of the Space Earth Science and Sustainable Nature Management Sector of the Landholding museum of M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University in the formation and development of the scientific conceptual apparatus of students and schoolchildren of the last stage of education is discussed. The scientific and artistic forms of providing the provisions of science are revealed. The role of scientific and philosophical creativity of V.I. Vernadsky, V.V. Dokuchaev, G.V. Dobrovolsky, Yu. K. Efremov, E.D. Nikitin, V.P. Belov in the educational process is shown on the example of the display. The importance of some fundamental provisions of the Russian science of the XX – early XXI centuries in the formation of scientific and philosophical outlook of visitors of the Landholding museum of M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University is pointed out.

Features of the Anaesthetic Manual in Obese Patients

The article is devoted to the consideration of features of anaesthetic manual in obese patients. The author outlines that the number of obese people has more than tripled worldwide. The author points out the increasing trend in the incidence of obesity in the Russian Federation in 2020. The purpose of the research is to analyze the data available in the literature on the impact of obesity on the anaesthetic manual and, as a result, the probability of complications in the peri-operative period a as well as the success of surgical interference.

Obriad "Provodov dushi" u mordvy Povolzh'ia v seredine XIX - nachale XXI vv.

On the basis of field researches, forwarding data of middle XX century made and collected by V.N. Belitser, stored in the archive of Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology Russian Academy of Science, as well as the analysis of published information made by culture researchers, the rites of the Mordvins associated with funerals and existed in the middle of the XIX – beginning of XXI century are examined. It is revealed that the funeral and memorial rites of the ethnic group are a synthesis of pre-Christian beliefs of the Mordvins with Christian ones. The changes that occurred in the funeral ceremonies of the Mordvins after adoption of Christianity, during the years of Soviet regime and over the past decades are described. As a result of the study, it was found that the funeral rites on the 40th day of the Mordvins, the Mokshas and the Erzi were largely identical; the differences were more regional than ethnic.

Prospects for the application of the provisions of foreign and international law for disputes on cross-border insolvency by the Russian courts

The problem of resolving cross-border insolvency disputes by Russian courts using foreign experience is analyzed in the article. The author describes how the problem of cross-border insolvency is resolved according to contemporary Russian legislation. It is noted that Russian courts are forced to independently develop approaches to dispute resolutions on cross-border insolvency in the absence of certain provisions in Russian law. The invocation of the concept “Center of Main Interests” (COMI) based on the analyses of the Russian courts’ cross-border insolvency precedents and the study of oversea conceptions is examined. The author comes to the conclusion that in order to justly resolve disputes on cross-border insolvency, it seems promising to use foreign experience by domestic courts.

Izuchenie vliianiia faktorov sredy na rost i razvitie odnoletnikh tsvetochnykh kul'tur

The influence of the type of plantings and design features of flower modules on the biological characteristics and decorativeness of the most common annual flower crops is studied. A reliable influence of environmental factors, genotype of the studied plants on the studied characteristics and decorative planting was observed. The growth and development of plants in various types of planting: flower modules, balcony boxes, hanging baskets, raised flower beds framed by retaining walls and open ground flower beds under conditions of private landholding are analyzed. For gardening containers and raised flower beds in private and small gardens, 13 promising annual flower crops are recommended.