The Use of Microwave Energy at Thermal Treatment of Grain Crops

Thermal treatment is used for different grain crops during the processes of drying, disinfection, and preparation to feeding, etc. The high cost of the processes is caused by the cost of energy and the energy-output ratio of the processes. The development of the processing regimes with the use of electric technologies in general and electromagnetic fields in particular can reduce the cost of the mentioned processes. When IR and MW fields are used, there occurs the direct heating of the grain material without the coolant, due to the effect of the field on water molecules in the kernels. As the grain is a colloid capillary-porous substance, moisture can be in a bound or free state that affects the properties of the material and the thermal processes in it. The use of the special programs gives vast possibilities for the design of such equipment. Using of MW fields allows reducing the cost of the thermal treatment 15-20% depending on the process and type of the processing material.

Maintenance of Power Equipment System Based on the Methods of Diagnosis and Control of Technical Condition

Maintenance of the power equipment system is based on the industry standard of averaged volumes of standard maintenance and repair of power equipment, frequency and duration of the preventive measures, the nomenclature and consumption of materials and spare parts to perform operations. One of the more efficient uses of electrical equipment is to improve its maintenance system through the development and implementation of service strategies for the actual condition. The work proved the necessary conditions for the realization of electric service strategy on defining the main diagnostic parameter. The general mathematical model is proposed to implement the service strategy. The model is based on a study of basic parameters using random monotone normal type of process and diagnostic controlled parameter with three discrete product states (working, the state of preventive actions, and failure) and continuous operating time. The results of studies of the new techniques development for improving the operation of electrical systems are presented.

The Features of the Work of Wind-Receiving Devices on Different Speeds of the Wind Flow

This chapter describes the features of the work of wind-receiving devices in the insufficient power mode when the current wind speed is below the construction value of the wind power plant. The term “effective angle” is introduced. The importance of this problem is shown and the amount of time in the insufficient power mode, for example, wind power plant, is calculated. The main characteristics of an electrical generator and a wind receiving device are considered. The importance of the mapping the characteristics of the wind-receiving device and the electrical generator is shown.

Energy-Efficient Lighting System for Greenhouse Plants

This chapter describes how with the artificial cultivation of plants lamps are required with a certain spectrum of radiation. For lighting plants have developed a special lamp. Industry produces special gas discharge lamp. In these lamps a fixed range of radiation. Recently, there were light sources for plants on LEDs. LEDs can create light with any spectrum range from 360 to 800 nm. The authors of the article give a technique for modeling the spectrum of luminaires and calculating LED lamps for plants. The tests of the developed lamps for plants in dark chambers are given. A description of a resonant regulated power supply system for LED luminaires is given. In the proposed system when the frequency changes radiation power.

Energy Saving and Safe Operating Modes of the Large Irrigative Pumping Stations

This chapter describes the methods and devices of energy-saving regulation for irrigative pumping stations based on principles of power loss reduction in pressure pipelines. These concepts are scientifically substantiated and developed. Protection of the main power equipment and pipelines of pumping stations from water at transients are developed and devices for their implementation are designed. The use of the research results will make it possible to plan the electric energy consumption, to make an estimation of power-hydraulic equipment operation quality and safety, to find the sources of energy loss and ways to reduce working at the pumping stations in the rural branches of economy.

Solar Energy in Agro-Ecologic Micrometeorology Measurements

New approach to the measurements in agro-ecologic micrometeorology is suggested on the bases of renewable solar panels for energy supply to instruments at the remote sites and new turbulent model of the flow of the gases. Analytical dynamic model of the turbulent multi-component flow in the three-layer boundary system is presented. Turbulence is simulated by the non-zero vorticity, but not only. Other mathematical aspects of the turbulence are an introducing new model of the material point and considering a torsion of their trajectories. The generalized advection-diffusion-reaction equation is derived for an arbitrary number of components in the flow. The flows in the layers are objects for matching requirements on the boundaries between the layers. Different types of transport mechanisms are dominant on the different levels of the layers and space scales. The same models of mass and energy transfer are instrumental in simulation rural electrification concepts in general on the bases renewable sources.

Vortex Effect, Vortex Power

One of the non-traditional types of renewable energy is vortex energy, which arises when swirling flows of continuous media (e.g., liquid and gas) are formed and which can be converted into thermal energy, work, and also used to raise the temperature in some systems or to create a pressure gradient. Vortex structures are systematically found in many physical processes. In recent years, new aspects of studying the vortex have been considered. These aspects are associated with physical phenomena, which indicate the occurrence of nonlinear effects in liquid media. Vortex flows of continuous media are one of the most important and complex phenomena in the mechanics of liquids and gases. They are characterized by specific manifestations that are fundamentally different from the axial properties of the motion of the medium, such as the appearance of secondary flows.

Structure and Parameter Optimization of Renewable-Based Hybrid Power Complexes

Fundamental characteristics of distributed power systems and usage patterns of renewables in such systems are considered in the chapter. The chapter presents a full description of a hybrid power complex consisteing of renewable power sources, converters, energy storages, heat and electricity transmission and distribution devices, controlled electrical and heat consumers, etc. Special features of wind, solar, and hydro power plant operational states at self-balanced hybrid power complexes are given. A description of controlled consumers characteristics is presented as well as capability of consideration of hybrid complex being MicroGrid under their influence. The chapter also prescribes examples of technical and economical features of hybrid power complexes of different structures, their future design, and development.

Innovative Means and Technologies Ensuring Electrical Safety of Agricultural Production

In this chapter the system of the innovative technologies, methods and devices providing electrical safety of modern agricultural production. These are systematized in the form of four groups, including information and communication intellectual technologies for support of adoption of unerring decisions and e-learning of personnel, innovative structural elements of electrical installations, new technical means of an electrical protection and the effective means of individual protection working in the electrical installations. The results of national standardization of requirements to the systems of e-learning production safety and also requirements of electrical safety to low-voltage electrical installations with renewable energy sources are reflected.

Cogenerative PV Thermal Modules of Different Design for Autonomous Heat and Electricity Supply

Solar energy is used for electricity production by means of photovoltaic modules and for heat supply by means of solar water-heating collectors. In recent years, combined cogeneration photovoltaic thermal modules which work out at the same time both electricity and thermal energy began to be applied actively. The chapter includes consideration of the main types of cogenerative photovoltaic thermal modules of different design such as planar liquid devices as well as devices with concentrator of solar radiation. The advantages and disadvantages of each type are presented. Main directions for improving the efficiency of converting solar energy into thermal and electricity are offered. The description of the offered construction of the module, and also results of theoretical and pilot studies of the module is provided in full-scale conditions. Installation for such tests is described as well. Testing photovoltaic thermal modules with planar and concentrator design are presented in the chapter.