scholarly journals Quantitative assessment of renovation of “Petmol” plant in Saint-Petersburg

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 28-41
Author(s):  
I. O. Gurov
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Industrial Production ◽  
Quantitative Assessment ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Harmful Effect ◽  
Industrial Area ◽  
Commercial Development ◽  
Saint Petersburg ◽  
Calculation Results ◽  
Urban Conditions

The standardized harmful effect of industrial production on buildings is one of the reasons for the plant withdrawal to the outskirts. The paper examines a particular case of renovation of the urban industrial area for residential commercial development. The energy consumption, environmental pollution, demographic burden, drains. and other indicators are analyzed. The calculation results show that restrained urban conditions can surpass the industrial in terms of the negative impact on the environment, and therefore renovation leads to an increase in resource consumption and deterioration of the environmental situation. Air monitoring data are used to confirm the correctness of the calculations.

Slope Stability Analysis under the Condition of Seepage

2012 ◽  
Vol 204-208 ◽  
pp. 241-245
Author(s):  
Yang Jin
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Method ◽  
Shear Strength ◽  
Slope Stability ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Strength Reduction ◽  
Soil Slope ◽  
Failure State ◽  
Calculation Results ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Shear Strength Reduction

The stability of soil slope under seepage is calculated and analyzed by using finite element method based on the technique of shear strength reduction. When the condition of seepage or not is considered respectively, the critical failure state of slopes and corresponding safety coefficients can be determined by the numerical analysis and calculation. Besides, through analyzing and comparing the calculation results, it shows that seepage has a negative impact on slope stability.

scholarly journals Association between risk of type 2 diabetes and changes in energy intake at breakfast and dinner over 14 years: a latent class trajectory analysis from the China health and nutrition Survey, 1997–2011

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. e046183
Author(s):  
Xiyun Ren ◽  
Jian Gao ◽  
Tianshu Han ◽  
Changhao Sun
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Harmful Effect ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Diabetes Status

ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the association between the trajectories of energy consumption at dinner versus breakfast and the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D).DesignCohort study.SettingThe study was conducted in China.ParticipantsA total of 10 727 adults, including 5239 men and 5488 women, with a mean age of 42.7±11.2 years and a mean follow-up time of 9.1 years, met the study criteria and completed a questionnaire about energy intake and diabetes status from the China Health and Nutrition Survey in 1997–2011.Primary outcome measuresParticipants were divided into subgroups based on the trajectories of the ratio of energy consumption at dinner versus breakfast. Cox multivariate regression models were used to explore the associations between different trajectories and the risk of T2D after adjustment for confounders and their risk factors. Mediation analysis was performed to explore the intermediary effect of triacylglycerol (TG), total cholesterol (TC), uric acid (UA) and apolipoprotein B (ApoB) between the trajectories and the risk of T2D.ResultsFor energy consumption at dinner versus breakfast, compared with a low-stable trajectory, the adjusted HR of T2D in low-increasing from early-stage trajectory was 1.29 (95% CI 1.04 to 1.60). TG, TC, UA and ApoB were significantly higher in low-increasing from early-stage trajectory than other trajectories and play partial regulation roles between trajectories and T2D.ConclusionsThis study emphasised the harmful effect of a gradual increase in the ratio of energy consumption at dinner versus breakfast from early stage on the development of T2D and partially mediated by TG, TC, UA and ApoB, highlighting that it is necessary to intake more energy at breakfast compared with dinner to prevent T2D in adults.

scholarly journals The Urbanisation Impacts on the Policy Effects of the Carbon Tax in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 6749
Author(s):  
Shuyang Chen
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Computable General Equilibrium ◽  
Carbon Tax ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Evaluation Framework ◽  
Socioeconomic Impacts ◽  
Policy Effects ◽  
Distributed Lag

In the literature, very few studies have focused on how urbanisation will influence the policy effects of a climate policy even though urbanisation does have profound socioeconomic impacts. This paper has explored the interrelations among the urbanisation, carbon emissions, GDP, and energy consumption in China using the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model. Then, the unit urbanisation impacts are inputted into the policy evaluation framework of the Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model in 2015–2030. The results show that the urbanisation had a positive impact on the GDP but a negative impact on the carbon emissions in 1980–2014. These impacts were statistically significant, but its impact on the energy consumption was not statistically significant. In 2015–2030, the urbanisation will have negative impacts on the carbon emissions and intensity. It will decrease the GDP and the household welfare under the carbon tax. The urbanisation will increase the average social cost of carbon (ASCC). Hence, the urbanisation will reinforce the policy effects of the carbon tax on the emissions and welfare.

scholarly journals Kinetics of Microcystin-LR Removal in a Real Lake Water by UV/H2O2 Treatment and Analysis of Specific Energy Consumption

Toxins ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 810
Author(s):  
Sabrina Sorlini ◽  
Carlo Collivignarelli ◽  
Marco Carnevale Miino ◽  
Francesca Maria Caccamo ◽  
Maria Cristina Collivignarelli
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Specific Energy ◽  
Lake Water ◽  
Harmful Effect ◽  
Specific Energy Consumption ◽  
World Health ◽  
Oh Radicals ◽  
H2o2 Treatment ◽  
Initial Concentration ◽  
Kinetics Of

The hepatotoxin microcystin-LR (MC-LR) represents one of the most toxic cyanotoxins for human health. Considering its harmful effect, the World Health Organization recommended a limit in drinking water (DW) of 1 µg L−1. Due to the ineffectiveness of conventional treatments present in DW treatment plants against MC-LR, advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) are gaining interest due to the high redox potential of the OH• radicals. In this work UV/H2O2 was applied to a real lake water to remove MC-LR. The kinetics of the UV/H2O2 were compared with those of UV and H2O2 showing the following result: UV/H2O2 > UV > H2O2. Within the range of H2O2 tested (0–0.9 mM), the results showed that H2O2 concentration and the removal kinetics followed an increasing quadratic relation. By increasing the initial concentration of H2O2, the consumption of oxidant also increased but, in terms of MC-LR degraded for H2O2 dosed, the removal efficiency decreased. As the initial MC-LR initial concentration increased, the removal kinetics increased up to a limit concentration (80 µg L−1) in which the presence of high amounts of the toxin slowed down the process. Operating with UV fluence lower than 950 mJ cm−2, UV alone minimized the specific energy consumption required. UV/H2O2 (0.3 mM) and UV/H2O2 (0.9 mM) were the most advantageous combination when operating with UV fluence of 950–1400 mJ cm−2 and higher than 1400 mJ cm−2, respectively.

The nexus between financial development and energy consumption: Estimating the role of foreign direct investment, economic growth and urbanization

2021 ◽  
pp. 0958305X2110453
Author(s):  
Jaleel Ahmed ◽  
Shuja ur Rehman ◽  
Zaid Zuhaira ◽  
Shoaib Nisar
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Financial Development ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
The Impact

This study examines the impact of financial development on energy consumption for a wide array of countries. The estimators used for financial development are foreign direct investment, economic growth and urbanization. The study employed a panel data regression on 136 countries with time frame of years 1990 to 2019. The model in this study deploys system GMM technique to estimate the model. The results show that financial development has a significant negative impact on energy consumption overall. Foreign direct investment and urbanization has significant impact on energy consumption. Also, economic growth positive impact on energy consumption its mean that economic growth promotes energy consumption. When dividing further the sample into different groups of regions such as Asian, European, African, North/Latin American and Caribbean countries then mixed results related to the nexus between financial development and energy consumption with respect to economic growth, urbanization and foreign direct investment. The policymakers in these different groups of countries must balance the relationship between energy supply and demand to achieving the sustainable economic development.

Vacuum Carbothermic Reduction of Alumina

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Halmann ◽  
Aldo Steinfeld ◽  
Michael Epstein ◽  
Irina Vishnevetsky
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Industrial Production ◽  
Carbothermic Reduction ◽  
Induction Furnace ◽  
Pure Aluminum ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Furnace Heating ◽  
Yellow Orange ◽  
Orange Powder ◽  
Equilibrium Calculations

The current industrial production of aluminum from alumina is based on the electrochemical Hall-Héroult process, which has the drawbacks of high-greenhouse gas emissions, reaching up to 0.70 kg CO2-equiv/kg Al, and large energy consumption, about 0.055 GJ/kg Al. An alternative process is the carbothermic reduction of alumina. Thermodynamic equilibrium calculations and experiments by induction furnace heating indicated that this reaction could be achieved under atmospheric pressure only above 2200° C. Lower required reaction temperatures can be achieved by alumina reduction under vacuum. This was experimentally demonstrated under simulated concentrated solar illumination and by induction furnace heating. By decreasing the CO partial pressure from 3.5 mbar to 0.2 mbar, the temperature required for almost complete reactant consumption could be decreased from 1800°C to 1550°C. Deposits condensed on the relatively cold reactor walls contained up to 71 wt% of Al. Almost pure aluminum was observed as Al drops, while a gray powder contained 60–80% Al and a yellow-orange powder contained only Al4C3, Al-oxycarbides and Al2O3.

scholarly journals Flight Simulator’s Energy Consumption Depending on the Conditions of the Air Operation

Energies ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 580
Author(s):  
Michał Gołębiewski ◽  
Marta Galant-Gołębiewska ◽  
Remigiusz Jasiński
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Natural Environment ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Flight Simulator ◽  
Motion Platform ◽  
Simulator Motion ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

Protection of the natural environment is a key activity driving development in the transport discipline today. The use of simulators to train civil aviation pilots provides an excellent opportunity to maintain the balance between efficiency and limit the negative impact of transport on the environment. Therefore, we decided to determine the impact of selected simulations of air operations on energy consumption. The aim of the research was to determine the energy consumption of the flight simulator depending on the type of flight operation and configuration used. We also decided to compare the obtained result with the energy consumption of an aircraft of a similar class, performing a similar aviation operation and other means of transport. In order to obtain the results, a research plan was proposed consisting of 12 scenarios differing in the simulated aircraft model, weather conditions and the use of the simulator motion platform. In each of the scenarios, energy consumption was measured, taking into account the individual components of the simulator. The research showed that the use of a flight simulator has a much smaller negative impact on the natural environment than flying in a traditional plane. Use of a motion platform indicated a change in energy consumption of approximately 40% (in general, flight simulator configuration can change energy consumption by up to 50%). The deterioration of weather conditions during the simulation caused an increase in energy consumption of 14% when motion was disabled and 18% when motion was enabled. Energy consumption in the initial stages of pilot training can be reduced by 97% by using flight simulators compared to aircraft training.

scholarly journals Alternative and Transitional Energy Sources for Urban Transport

2020 ◽  
pp. 586-596 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dmitriy Ya. Rozhko
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Urban Transport ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Political Factors ◽  
Alternative Energy Sources

In urban areas, the transport sector is one of the main sources of significant energy consumption and carbon emissions. Although diesel and gasoline are still the main sources of energy used in urban transport, more and more attention is now being paid to alternative and transitional sources of energy, as they are renewable and have less negative impact on the environment. However, the successful use of alternative energy sources can be hindered by various technical, economic and political factors. This article discusses the latest literature on alternative and transitional energy sources in order to understand the possibility of their use in urban transport at present, as well as the possibility of introducing these sources in the future

scholarly journals The ecological framework as part of the land and property complex of an industrial city (on the example of an urban district of Tobolsk)

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 01004
Author(s):  
N.V. Litvinenko ◽  
E.P. Evtushkova ◽  
Yu.E. Ogneva
Keyword(s):  
Urban Environment ◽  
Industrial Production ◽  
Ecological Framework ◽  
Urban District ◽  
Industrial City ◽  
Reconstruction Methods ◽  
Urban Conditions ◽  
The City ◽  
Property Complex

In modern urban conditions with intensive industrial production affecting the life and health of people, the authorities of many cities have thought about holding activities aimed at improving the ecological component of the urban environment. One of such activities may be the creation or improvement of the ecological framework of the city. This article discusses the features of the ecological framework in the industrial city of Tobolsk. A number of tasks that are faced by the City Administration were formulated; those must be solved using sound reconstruction methods of urban territorial and functional structures. The role of the ecological framework of the urban area is considered as the possibility of avoiding the environmental problems’ emergence and preserving the ability of the territorial system as an independent land and property complex to develop.

scholarly journals BIOLOGICAL MONITORING OF ROADSIDE PLANT (MANGIFERA INDICA,L)EXPOSED TO VEHICULAR POLLUTION IN INDORE CITY WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO M .L. B. COLLEGE , KILABHAVAN INDORE (M.P.) INDIA

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (9SE) ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Saroj Mahajan
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Urban Air Pollution ◽  
Harmful Effect ◽  
Industrial Area ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Urban Air ◽  
Vehicular Emissions ◽  
Vehicular Pollution ◽  
The Many

The present study gives an idea of changes taking place in plants morphology. Under the influence of urban air pollution. By the many activities of man, the composition and complex nature of environment gets changed. These activities include industrialization, population explosion construction, and transportation. In cities vehicles are major contributors of air pollution. The vehicular emissions have a very harmful effect on the ecology.The important parameters like pH, chlorophyll, Biomass, Leaf area which help study of vehicular pollution in Industrial area.

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