scholarly journals On the Assembly of Microreactors with Parallel Enzymatic Pathways

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (11) ◽  
pp. 2000132
Author(s):  
Adam Armada‐Moreira ◽  
Bo Thingholm ◽  
Kristine Andreassen ◽  
Ana M. Sebastião ◽  
Sandra H. Vaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Pathways

Probing the Substrate Promiscuity of Isopentenyl Phosphate Kinase as a Platform for Hemiterpene Analogue Production

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean Lund ◽  
Taylor Courtney ◽  
Gavin Williams
Keyword(s):  
Synthetic Biology ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Isoprenoid Biosynthesis ◽  
Thermoplasma Acidophilum ◽  
Substrate Promiscuity ◽  
Enzymatic Pathways ◽  
First Time ◽  
Rate Limiting ◽  
Alcohol Dependent ◽  
Isopentenyl Phosphate

Isoprenoids are a large class of natural products with wide-ranging applications. Synthetic biology approaches to the manufacture of isoprenoids and their new-to-nature derivatives are limited due to the provision in Nature of just two hemiterpene building blocks for isoprenoid biosynthesis. To address this limitation, artificial chemo-enzymatic pathways such as the alcohol-dependent hemiterpene pathway (ADH) serve to leverage consecutive kinases to convert exogenous alcohols to pyrophosphates that could be coupled to downstream isoprenoid biosynthesis. To be successful, each kinase in this pathway should be permissive of a broad range of substrates. For the first time, we have probed the promiscuity of the second enzyme in the ADH pathway, isopentenyl phosphate kinase from Thermoplasma acidophilum, towards a broad range of acceptor monophosphates. Subsequently, we evaluate the suitability of this enzyme to provide non-natural pyrophosphates and provide a critical first step in characterizing the rate limiting steps in the artificial ADH pathway.<br>

Biodegradation of organophosphorus Pollutants by Soil Bacteria: Biochemical Aspects and Unsolved Problems

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 126-135
Author(s):  
T.V. Shushkova ◽  
D.O. Epiktetov ◽  
S.V. Tarlachkov ◽  
I.T. Ermakova ◽  
A.A. Leontievskii
Keyword(s):  
Genome Sequencing ◽  
Soil Bacteria ◽  
Activity Regulation ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Russian Science ◽  
Degrading Bacteria ◽  
Phosphorus Source ◽  
Glyphosate Herbicide ◽  
Enzymatic Pathways

The degradation of persistent organophosphorus pollutants have been studied in 6 soil bacterial isolates and in 3 bacterial strains adapted for utilization of glyphosate herbicide (GP) under laboratory conditions. Significant differences in the uptake of organophosphonates were found in taxonomically close strains possessing similar enzymatic pathways of catabolism of these compounds, which indicates the existence of unknown mechanisms of activity regulation of these enzymes. The effect of adaptation for GP utilization as a sole phosphorus source on assimilation rates of several other phosphonates was observed in studied bacteria. The newly found efficient stains provided up to 56% of GP decomposition after application to the soil in the laboratory. The unresolved problems of microbial GP metabolism and the trends for further research on the creation of reliable biologicals capable of decomposing organophosphonates in the environment are discussed. organophosphonates, glyphosate, biodegradation, bioremediation, C-P lyase, phosphonatase, degrading bacteria Investigation of phosphonatase and genome sequencing were supported by Russian Science Foundation Grant no. 18-074-00021.

scholarly journals Fighting Oxidative Stress with Sulfur: Hydrogen Sulfide in the Renal and Cardiovascular Systems

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 373
Author(s):  
Joshua J. Scammahorn ◽  
Isabel T. N. Nguyen ◽  
Eelke M. Bos ◽  
Harry Van Goor ◽  
Jaap A. Joles
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Redox Status ◽  
The Body ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Enzymatic Production ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Anti Oxidant ◽  
Enzymatic Pathways

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is an essential gaseous signaling molecule. Research on its role in physiological and pathophysiological processes has greatly expanded. Endogenous enzymatic production through the transsulfuration and cysteine catabolism pathways can occur in the kidneys and blood vessels. Furthermore, non-enzymatic pathways are present throughout the body. In the renal and cardiovascular system, H2S plays an important role in maintaining the redox status at safe levels by promoting scavenging of reactive oxygen species (ROS). H2S also modifies cysteine residues on key signaling molecules such as keap1/Nrf2, NFκB, and HIF-1α, thereby promoting anti-oxidant mechanisms. Depletion of H2S is implicated in many age-related and cardiorenal diseases, all having oxidative stress as a major contributor. Current research suggests potential for H2S-based therapies, however, therapeutic interventions have been limited to studies in animal models. Beyond H2S use as direct treatment, it could improve procedures such as transplantation, stem cell therapy, and the safety and efficacy of drugs including NSAIDs and ACE inhibitors. All in all, H2S is a prime subject for further research with potential for clinical use.

scholarly journals The Effect of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction on the Progression of Osteoarthritis

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 506-510 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rory Norris ◽  
Pete Thompson ◽  
Alan Getgood
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Ligament Reconstruction ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Acl Injury ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Indirect Trauma ◽  
Ligament Rupture ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Anterior Cruciate ◽  
Enzymatic Pathways

Anterior cruciate ligament rupture (ACL) is a common injury, particularly among young sporting adults. Early onset osteoarthritis (OA) can be a devastating and difficult to manage consequence of such an injury. The techniques for reconstructing the ACL are advancing all the time, but the effect that this has on the progression of OA is less well understood. Many factors affect the development of OA following an ACL injury, including direct and indirect trauma to the articular cartilage, associated meniscal injuries, chronic tibiofemoral joint instability, and multiple enzymatic pathways. This review will summarize the current evidence surrounding each of these areas, and describe some of the recent developments that may have an impact on the management of these injuries in the future.

Regulation of lysophosphatidylcholine-metabolizing enzymes in isolated myocardial cells from rat heart

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (8) ◽  
pp. 944-951 ◽  
Author(s):  
David L. Severson ◽  
Thea Fletcher
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Palmitic Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Rat Heart ◽  
Marked Reduction ◽  
Myocardial Cells ◽  
Acyltransferase Activity ◽  
Metabolizing Enzymes ◽  
Enzymatic Pathways ◽  
Lysophospholipase Activity

Enzymatic pathways involved in the metabolism of lysophosphatidylcholine were investigated in rat heart myocardial cells. Acyl CoA-dependent acyltransferase activity was localized in microsomes, and was much greater than lysophospholipase activity in either cytosolic or microsomal fractions. The cytosolic lysophospholipase was more sensitive to inhibition by palmitylcarnitine in comparison to free fatty acids. In contrast, free fatty acids (oleate and palmitate) produced a greater inhibition of the microsomal acyltransferase and lysophospholipase than did palmitylcarnitine. A reduction in the assay pH to 6.5 resulted in an increase in microsomal acyltransferase and cytosolic lysophospholipase activities, but brought about a marked reduction in the microsomal lysophospholipase activity. At pH 6.5, the percentage inhibition of the microsomal acyltransferase by palmitylcarnitine was reduced, whereas the inhibition by palmitic acid was enhanced. The inhibition of the microsomal lysophospholipase by both palmitylcarnitine and palmitic acid was reduced at pH 6.5. With respect to myocardial ischemia, the inhibition of microsomal acyltransferase by free fatty acids and the reduction in microsomal lysophospholipase activity due to acidosis may contribute to the elevation of cellular lysophosphoglycerides which are arrhythmogenic.

Biosynthesis of cyclopropane in natural products

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suze Ma ◽  
Dhanaraju Mandalapu ◽  
Shu Wang ◽  
Qi Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Structural Motif ◽  
Enzymatic Pathways

This review discusses the diverse enzymatic pathways in the biosynthesis of cyclopropane, a unique structural motif with important biochemical properties.

scholarly journals Impact of Oxysterols on Cell Death, Proliferation, and Differentiation Induction: Current Status

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 2301
Author(s):  
Fábio Alessandro de Freitas ◽  
Débora Levy ◽  
Amira Zarrouk ◽  
Gérard Lizard ◽  
Sérgio Paulo Bydlowski
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Adipogenic Differentiation ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Oxidation Processes ◽  
Proliferation And Differentiation ◽  
Induction Current ◽  
Enzymatic Pathways ◽  
Derivatives Of ◽  
Oxidized Derivatives Of Cholesterol

Oxysterols are oxidized derivatives of cholesterol produced by enzymatic activity or non-enzymatic pathways (auto-oxidation). The oxidation processes lead to the synthesis of about 60 different oxysterols. Several oxysterols have physiological, pathophysiological, and pharmacological activities. The effects of oxysterols on cell death processes, especially apoptosis, autophagy, necrosis, and oxiapoptophagy, as well as their action on cell proliferation, are reviewed here. These effects, also observed in several cancer cell lines, could potentially be useful in cancer treatment. The effects of oxysterols on cell differentiation are also described. Among them, the properties of stimulating the osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells while inhibiting adipogenic differentiation may be useful in regenerative medicine.

scholarly journals Activation and Regulation of Cellular Eicosanoid Biosynthesis

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 1273-1284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas G. Brock ◽  
Marc Peters-Golden
Keyword(s):  
Arachidonic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Key Points ◽  
Enzymatic Pathways

There is a growing appreciation for the wide variety of physiological responses that are regulated by lipid messengers. One particular group of lipid messengers, the eicosanoids, plays a central role in regulating immune and inflammatory responses in a receptor-mediated fashion. These mediators are related in that they are all derived from one polyunsaturated fatty acid, arachidonic acid. However, the various eicosanoids are synthesized by a wide variety of cell types by distinct enzymatic pathways, and have diverse roles in immunity and inflammation. In this review, the major pathways involved in the synthesis of eicosanoids, as well as key points of regulation, are presented.

scholarly journals Preparative synthesis of dTDP-L-rhamnose through combined enzymatic pathways

2005 ◽  
Vol 93 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Young-Bok Kang ◽  
Yung-Hun Yang ◽  
Kwang-Won Lee ◽  
Sun-Gu Lee ◽  
Jae Kyung Sohng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preparative Synthesis ◽  
Enzymatic Pathways

Impact of heavy metal compounds on oxygen consumption of freshwater mussel Lamellidens consobrinus (Lea)

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 01-04
Author(s):  
P. R. Bhamre ◽  
A. E. Desai
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Experimental Work ◽  
Cadmium Chloride ◽  
Zinc Sulphate ◽  
Freshwater Mussel ◽  
Metal Compounds ◽  
Toxic Concentrations ◽  
Enzymatic Pathways

The purpose of this study was to assess the toxic effects of heavy metal compounds like Cadmium chloride (CdCl2) and Zinc sulphate (ZnSo4) on respiratory metabolism of the freshwater mussel Lamellidens consobrinus.The effect was observed for 24, 48, 72 and 96 h exposure. On exposure of mussels to toxic concentrations the respiratory metabolic rate was found profoundly decreased after two hours of intoxication in Cadmium chloride (0.0863 ± 0.0032 mg/gm/l/h) and Zinc sulphate (0.1517 ± .0018 mg/gm/l/h). The oxygen consumption was continuously decreased up to 96 h in CdCl2 (0.0303 ± 0.0019 mg/gm/l/h) and ZnSo4 (0.0746. ± 0.0019 mg/gm/l/h).The decrease in metabolic rate was more prominent in cadmium chloride than zinc sulphate. This impact may be due to inhibition of enzymatic pathways and osmoregulatory response which depends on the time of exposure to heavy metal compounds used for experimental work.

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