Technical and economic feasibility of an integrated ethanol and anthocyanin coproduction process using purple corn stover

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chinmay Kurambhatti ◽  
Deepak Kumar ◽  
Vijay Singh
Keyword(s):  
Corn Stover ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Purple Corn

scholarly journals Techno-Economic Bottlenecks of the Fungal Pretreatment of Lignocellulosic Biomass

Fermentation ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Vasco-Correa ◽  
Ajay Shah
Keyword(s):  
Corn Stover ◽  
Production Cost ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Process Improvements ◽  
Current State ◽  
Lignocellulosic Feedstocks ◽  
Fungal Pretreatment ◽  
Wastewater Generation

Fungal pretreatment is a biological process that uses rotting fungi to reduce the recalcitrance and enhance the enzymatic digestibility of lignocellulosic feedstocks at low temperature, without added chemicals and wastewater generation. Thus, it has been presumed to be low cost. However, fungal pretreatment requires longer incubation times and generates lower yields than traditional pretreatments. Thus, this study assesses the techno-economic feasibility of a fungal pretreatment facility for the production of fermentable sugars for a 75,700 m3 (20 million gallons) per year cellulosic bioethanol plant. Four feedstocks were evaluated: perennial grasses, corn stover, agricultural residues other than corn stover, and hardwood. The lowest estimated sugars production cost ($1.6/kg) was obtained from corn stover, and was 4–15 times as much as previous estimates for conventional pretreatment technologies. The facility-related cost was the major contributor (46–51%) to the sugar production cost, mainly because of the requirement of large equipment in high quantities, due to process bottlenecks such as low sugar yields, low feedstock bulk density, long fungal pretreatment times, and sterilization requirements. At the current state of the technology, fungal pretreatment at biorefinery scale does not appear to be economically feasible, and considerable process improvements are still required to achieve product cost targets.

Improving technical and economic feasibility of water based anthocyanin recovery from purple corn using staged extraction approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 158 ◽  
pp. 112976 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chinmay Kurambhatti ◽  
Deepak Kumar ◽  
Kent D. Rausch ◽  
Mike E. Tumbleson ◽  
Vijay Singh
Keyword(s):  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Water Based ◽  
Purple Corn

scholarly journals Improving Nutritive Value of Purple Field Corn Residue and Rice Straw by Culturing with White-Rot Fungi

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 69
Author(s):  
Benjamad Khonkhaeng ◽  
Anusorn Cherdthong
Keyword(s):  
Corn Stover ◽  
Rice Straw ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
White Rot ◽  
White Rot Fungus ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Ch4 Production ◽  
Field Corn ◽  
Purple Corn

It was hypothesized that white-rot fungus fermented with rice straw and purple field corn improves nutrient utilization via enhanced digestibility and lowers methane (CH4) production due to the effects of the lovastatin compound. The aim of the current experiment was to investigate the effect of inoculation of two fungi belonging to white-rot fungus type on feed value and ruminal fermentation characteristic. The experiment was carried out according to a completely randomized 3 × 3 factorial design: three roughage sources (rice straw, purple corn stover, and purple corn field cob) for three inoculation methods (untreated, P. ostreatus treated, and V. volvacea treated). The two fungi increased concentration of lovastatin when compared to the untreated, and P. ostreatus had higher lovastatin production potential than V. volvacea (p < 0.05). The yield of lovastatin was obtained from rice straw fermentation with P. ostreatus. The monomeric anthocyanin content (MAC) in untreated purple field corn cobs was higher than in the fermentation groups. Ruminal fermentation gas production from soluble fractions ranged from −2.47 to 1.14 and differed among the treatments (p < 0.01). In comparison to all treatments, the gas production rate for the insoluble fraction was significantly highest (p < 0.01) in treatment alone, in which purple field corn stover was fermented with P. ostreatus and V. volvacea. There was significant interaction in in vitro dry matter digestibility at 12 h of incubation. Purple field corn cob had a higher significant effect on in vitro DM digestibility at 12 and 24 h after incubation when compared to that of other groups. Moreover, current research has found that roughage fermented with P. ostreatus and V. volvacea increased in vitro DM digestibility at 24 h after incubation. Fermenting roughage with fungi did not affect rumen pH, which ranged from 6.60 to 6.91 (p > 0.05), while P. ostreatus resulted in increased levels of ruminal ammonia-nitrogen concentrations. Propionic acid increased in all roughages fermented with P. ostreatus or V. volvacea after 8 h of ruminal fermentation testing. The two fungi fermented as substrate treatments had significantly lower (p < 0.05) CH4 production. Based on the improved rumen DM digestibility and reduced CH4 production, P. ostreatus and V. volvacea could be utilized for enhancing feeding efficiency of roughage.

Economic Feasibility of Corn Stover Torrefaction for Distributed Processing Systems

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evan R. Almberg ◽  
Michael P. Twedt ◽  
Christina Gerometta ◽  
Stephen P. Gent
Keyword(s):  
Corn Stover ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Distributed Processing ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Base Case ◽  
Product Price ◽  
Capital Costs ◽  
Wide Range

This study investigated the economic feasibility of distributed or decentralized torrefaction bio-refining using corn stover feedstock to generate value added products. Distributed bio-refining systems would be able to operate on private farm and commercial scales, eliminating the need for large capital investment for large processing facilities and decreasing logistical concerns for harvesting and marketing corn stover. A techno-economic model was developed to analyze the economics of harvesting techniques, logistics, processing requirements, and end product utilization. With the model, a base case analysis was established to analyze average values and to create a basis in which to compare a variety of economic scenarios. A sensitivity analysis was also completed to investigate outcomes based on variability of crop yields and product price, as well as costs associated with harvesting stover, input for operating the torrefaction system, and capital costs of equipment. Results of the analyses were quantified with respect to input costs required to generate torrefied products, potential profit of processed products, and the payback period of the production and conversion system. Preliminary results indicated that processing corn stover feedstock within a distribution torrefaction bio-refining system had high potential, in terms of economic feasibility, over a wide range of scenarios. Results indicated that payback periods as low as five years were possible under a wide variety of applications and operating costs. In addition to operating economically, it was also shown that end products could have increasing profit potential as a value added product.

scholarly journals Assessment of reducing sugars production from agro-industrial wastes by batch and semicontinuous subcritical water hydrolysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-63
Author(s):  
Victor Fernando Marulanda Cardona ◽  
Itzayana Gonzalez Avila ◽  
Alexandra Lopez Vanegas ◽  
Juan Rodríguez Buitrago
Keyword(s):  
Corn Stover ◽  
Reducing Sugars ◽  
Subcritical Water ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Mode Operation ◽  
Water Hydrolysis ◽  
Subcritical Water Hydrolysis

Reducing sugars produced from agro-industrial wastes by means of hydrolysis represent a promising alternative of chemicals and energy. Yet, large scale production still struggles with several factors involving process complexity, sugars degradation, corrosion, enzyme recyclability, and economic feasibility. More recently, sub and supercritical water hydrolysis has been reported for the production of reducing sugars as a readily available alternative to acid and enzymatic biomass hydrolysis. Accordingly, in this work, the results of batch and semicontinuous lab scale subcritical water hydrolysis experiments of agro-industrial wastes of pea pot and corn stover are discussed. Experiments were carried in the temperature range 250 to 300 °C, pressures up to 3650 psi, residence times up to 30 minutes in batch mode operation, or water flowrates up to 12 mL/min in semicontinuous mode operation. Produced sugars were assessed in the effluent of each experimental run by means of dinitrosalicilic acid method (DNS). A maximum total reducing sugar (TRS) yield of 21.8% was measured for batch pea pot subcritical water hydrolysis experiments at 300°C, 15 minutes, 3650 psi, and 1:6 biomass to water mass ratio. Semicontinuous subcritical water hydrolysis of corn stover showed a maximum TRS accumulated yield of 19% at 290 °C, 1500 psi, and water flowrate of 9 mL/min. The results showed the feasibility of producing reducing sugars from agro-industrial wastes currently discarded through subcritical hydrolysis.

scholarly journals Production of Ethanol from Livestock, Agricultural, and Forest Residuals: An Economic Feasibility Study

Environments ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyoung S Ro ◽  
Mark A Dietenberger ◽  
Judy A Libra ◽  
Richard Proeschel ◽  
Hasan K. Atiyeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Analysis ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Corn Stover ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Swine Manure ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Gasoline Prices ◽  
Construction Costs ◽  
Facility Size

In this study, the economic feasibility of producing ethanol from gasification followed by syngas fermentation via commercially available technologies was theoretically evaluated using a set of selected livestock and agricultural and forest residuals ranging from low valued feedstocks (i.e., wood, wheat straw, wheat straws blended with dewatered swine manure, and corn stover) to high valued oilseed rape meal. A preliminary cost analysis of an integrated commercial system was made for two cases, a regional scale 50 million gallon (189,271 m3) per year facility (MGY) and a co-op scale 1–2 MGY facility. The estimates for the minimum ethanol selling prices (MESP) depend heavily on the facility size and feedstock costs. For the 1–2 MGY (3785–7571 m3/y) facility, the MESP ranged from $5.61–$7.39 per gallon ($1.48–$1.95 per liter) for the four low-value feedstocks. These high costs suggest that the co-op scale even for the low-value feedstocks may not be economically sustainable. However, the MESP for the 50 MGY facility were significantly lower and comparable to gasoline prices ($2.24–$2.96 per gallon or $0.59–$0.78 per liter) for these low-value feedstocks, clearly showing the benefits of scale-up on construction costs and MESP.

scholarly journals Techno-Economic Analysis of a Process for the Aqueous Conversion of Corn Stover into Lactic and Levulinic Acid through Sn-Beta Catalysis

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 436
Author(s):  
Andrew Kohler ◽  
Wayne Seames ◽  
Cassandra Shaffer ◽  
Cara Bjerke ◽  
Jacob Dahl
Keyword(s):  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Corn Stover ◽  
Levulinic Acid ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Operating Costs ◽  
Corn Plant ◽  
Global Demand ◽  
Fuels And Chemicals ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Acetic Acids

A readily available source for renewable fuels and chemicals is corn stover, which consists of the leftover stalks, leaves, husks, and cobs from the corn plant and makes up nearly half of the yield of a corn crop. Common practice is to pretreat it with sulfuric acid to break down the hemicellulose, releasing xylose, followed by enzymatic hydrolysis to convert the cellulose into glucose. Using a Sn-Beta catalyst, it is possible to convert these monomeric sugars into lactic, levulinic, formic, and acetic acids. This paper presents the results of a techno-economic analysis (TEA) of the commercial feasibility of producing these acids from corn stover. Two preliminary process designs were evaluated which represent two separate reaction yields: a balanced yield of both lactic and levulinic acids and the yields from a co-catalysis with CaSO4 to produce primarily lactic acid. Both process designs are scaled to process 230,000 MT/y of corn stover. An AACS Class 4 factored broad capital cost estimate and comparable estimates of operating costs and revenues were used to generate cash flow sheets to evaluate the economic feasibility of both options. The balanced product process has an estimated NPV@20% = 3.3 million USD ± 40%, while the CaSO4-facilited process has an NPV@20% = 110 million USD ± 40% (January 2019 basis). A major hurdle for both processes is the demand for levulinic acid. The balanced product process will produce 135% of the expected global demand and the CaSO4-facilitated alternative will meet 31% of the demand. For the demand to meet production, advances in levulinic acid applications are needed. However, the attractive economics suggest that these technologies warrant further development towards commercialization.

Thathir Quality Scholarship Program For Students At University level

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 206-219
Author(s):  
Louay Qais Abdullah ◽  
Duraid Faris Khayoun
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Life Sciences ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
First Year ◽  
Grant Program ◽  
Scholarship Program ◽  
University Level ◽  
Faculty Of Education ◽  
The University ◽  
The Relationship

The study focused basically on measuring the relationship between the material cost of the students benefits program and the benefits which are earned by it, which was distributed on college students in the initial stages (matinee) and to show the extent of the benefits accruing from the grant program compared to the material burdens which matched and the extent of success or failure of the experience and its effect from o scientific and side on the Iraqi student through these tough economic circumstances experienced by the country in general, and also trying to find ways of proposed increase or expansion of distribution in the future in the event of proven economic feasibility from the program. An data has been taking from the data fro the Department of Financial Affairs and the Department of Studies and Planning at the University of Diyala with taking an data representing an actual and minimized pattern and questionnaires to a sample of students from the Department of Life Sciences in the Faculty of Education of the University of Diyala on the level of success and failure of students in the first year of the grant and the year before for the purpose of distribution comparison. The importance of the study to measure the extent of interest earned in comparision whit the material which is expenseon the program of grant (grant of students) to assist the competent authorities to continue or not in the program of student grants for the coming years.

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