Heterospecific competitors and seasonality can affect host physiology and behavior: key factors in disease transmission

Sanitary inspection intended to eliminate environmental risk factors in the ships to break the chain disease transmission in order to maintain and enhance the health status. Based on data from 2015 the Port Health Office class I Surabaya, during the ships inspection there are found 23 rats from 2734 ships. The existence of the rats on the cargo ship is very harmful, which can caused disease and damaged food material in cargo ship. The tendency of rats existence on board as media transmission of the disease, is the reason for researchers to identify the level of sanitation review and behavior of crew that affecting the existence of rats on cargo ship in the Port of Tanjung Perak Surabaya. That research aimed to analyze the level of sanitation and behavior of crew that affects the existence of rats. This study was an observational study with cross sectional study design, sampling for ship sanitation in research using accidental sampling, behavior of crew using the proportional random sampling method. The research variables are behavior of crew and ship sanitation. The primary data were collected by observation, indepth interviews, and questionnaires. Secondary data collected from the Port Health Office Class I Surabaya. Statistical test with multiple regression showed that behavior of crew significant effect on the existence of rat in cargo ship. The results using ship sanitation level variables sig. 0.043 means that the behavior of crew variable significant effect on the presence of rats on a cargo ship, while for the ship sanitation variables sig. 0.0002, means that the variable ship sanitation very significantly affected on the presence of rats on a cargo ship. The conclusion of this study be found influences of the ship sanitation and behavior of crew against the presence of rats in cargo ship, so it needs to be disseminated to the crew of cargo ship in order to increase knowledge about ship sanitation, and the health effects of the presence of rats on a cargo ship.

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AKU ANAK AKSI! Penyuluhan Kesehatan Pencegahan Infeksi Saluran Pernapasan Atas Ringan pada Anak Usia Dini di Sekolah Islam Intan Surabaya dengan Pendekatan Theory of Planned Behavior Model

PSIKOLOGI KONSELING ◽

10.24114/konseling.v17i2.22107 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (2) ◽

pp. 800

Author(s):

Anak Agung Ratih Damayanti ◽

Nerissa Wijaya

Keyword(s):

Disease Transmission ◽

Healthy Living ◽

Community Members ◽

Standard Precautions ◽

Childhood Education ◽

Long Duration ◽

Education Community ◽

Palm Of The Hand ◽

And Behavior ◽

Children's Activities

Sekolah Islam Intan (SII) Surabaya is one of the institutions of early childhood education which has three types of education, playground, kindergarden, and daycare. Children who attend daycare at SII spend up to 54 hours a week. Children who are entrusted in daycare have a higher susceptibility to disease transmission. The long duration of children's activities at the school, the habit of closing the mouth using the palm of the hand and immediately resume other activities when coughing, as well as the lack of habits and the application of clean and healthy living behaviors can increase the chance of ARI transmission to children. The purpose of this counseling to increasing awareness of clean and healthy living behaviors, as well as teaching cough ethics as prevention of ARI transmission. Counseling is effective enough to change the knowledge, beliefs, and behavior of the SII education community in dealing with mild A, as well as efforts to disseminate information by reminding other community members to follow the WHO standard precautions against ARI by participants

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Infectious Diseases in an Age of Chance: The Impact of Human Ecology and Behavior on Disease Transmission

American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene ◽

10.4269/ajtmh.1996.55.577 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 55 (5) ◽

pp. 577-577

Author(s):

Stephen M. Ostroff

Keyword(s):

Infectious Diseases ◽

Human Ecology ◽

Disease Transmission ◽

And Behavior ◽

The Impact

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Key influencing factors of consumers’ vegetable e-commerce adoption willingness, behavior, and willingness-behavior consistency in Beijing, China

British Food Journal ◽

10.1108/bfj-11-2019-0834 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 122 (12) ◽

pp. 3741-3756

Author(s):

Bo Li ◽

Zhengqing Yin ◽

Junqi Ding ◽

Suyao Xu ◽

Biao Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Binary Logistic Regression ◽

Key Factors ◽

Content Type ◽

Behavior Consistency ◽

Second Tier ◽

Usefulness Perception ◽

Market Distance ◽

And Behavior ◽

Logistics Service Quality ◽

Beijing China

PurposeVegetable e-commerce is of great significance for improving the efficiency of vegetable circulation, and for solving the problems of high circulation cost and poor connection between production and marketing. The purpose of this study is to explore the key factors that influence consumers’ vegetable e-commerce adoption willingness, behavior, and willingness-behavior consistency.Design/methodology/approachA total of 427 valid questionnaires were collected from 16 districts of Beijing in 2019 via the internet, yielding a response rate of 94.9%. Bivariate probit and binary logistic regression were used for analysis.FindingsThe results show that 62.84% of vegetable e-commerce consumers have the same willingness and behavior, and 37.16% of consumers have a deviation of willingness and behavior; the key factors influencing the willingness, behavior, and willingness-behavior consistency of vegetable e-commerce consumers are different. The three variables of usefulness perception, logistics service quality perception, and nearest vegetable market distance have significant effects on and are positively correlated with the adoption willingness, behavior, and willingness-behavior consistency of vegetable e-commerce consumers.Research limitations/implicationsConsumers in Beijing, a first-tier city, were taken as the research object in this study. Second-tier and even third-tier cities can be investigated as comparative studies in a follow-up study. In addition, the key factors that affect the differences in the willingness and behavior of vegetable e-commerce adoption can be studied.Originality/valueThe results obtained in the present study and their implications could aid in vegetable e-commerce optimization, and contribute to the understanding of how to improve consumers’ awareness and participation in vegetable e-commerce. The suggestions of this study could also be used for the improvement of vegetable e-commerce in other cities facing similar issues.

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Urban Sustainability and Smartness Understanding (USSU)—Identifying Influencing Factors: A Systematic Review

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su12114682 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (11) ◽

pp. 4682

Author(s):

Hasan Fehmi Topal ◽

Dexter V.L. Hunt ◽

Christopher D.F. Rogers

Keyword(s):

Influencing Factors ◽

Critical Evaluation ◽

Urban Sustainability ◽

Holistic Approach ◽

Human Beings ◽

Key Factors ◽

Urban Context ◽

Social Environmental ◽

And Behavior ◽

The Relationship

Urban Sustainability and Smartness Understanding (USSU) can be defined by a group of sociopsychological determinants (such as awareness, perception, attitude and behavior) which shapes the relationship between human beings and the environment in which they live. A variety of influencing factors must exist in relation to USSU, however, a comprehensive examination of these, looking at personal, social, environmental, economic, technical, and governance perspectives in an urban context, appear to be less well researched. As such this paper provides an exploratory and critical evaluation of the literature by focusing on the USSU determinants; with an aim toward identifying the key factors (and sub-factors) that are in relation with these determinants. Two big databases of Scopus and Web of Science—have been searched systematically for the relevant studies. Therein it is observed how these factors affect USSU according to the characteristics of the study. Sustainability focused studies were found to be more commonplace than smartness studies. Moreover, there is currently ambiguity in evaluating the impacts of the identified factors. This paper concludes that a holistic approach is needed for clarifying the relationship and causality between sociopsychological determinants on Urban Sustainability and Smartness context. A framework with six dimensions is presented to initiate future studies to develop a consistent; coherent and comprehensive methodology to assess an individuals’ USSU.

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FINANCIAL DECISION MAKING AMONG YOUNG ADULTS: AN AHP APPROACH

International Journal of the Analytic Hierarchy Process ◽

10.13033/ijahp.v13i3.864 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Tamara Kaftandzieva ◽

Violeta Cvetkoska

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Young Adults ◽

Personal Experience ◽

Decision Making Process ◽

Key Factors ◽

Personal Finances ◽

Financial Decision ◽

The Republic ◽

Socio Demographic Factors ◽

And Behavior

In an uncertain economic environment, the decision-making process regarding personal finances relies heavily on personal experience and behavior, and is largely influenced by a variety of psychological and socio-demographic factors. The aim of this paper is to analyze the key factors of the decision-making process regarding financial choices of the population of young adults in the Republic of North Macedonia, and to further explain young people’s motives for the proposed decision and the conditions under which the decision was made. The research was conducted through an AHP-based questionnaire that was distributed to respondents ranging in age from 18 to 35 years. According to the obtained results, the respondents value financial security the most, hence their primary choice is investment in real estate and commodities. Young adults are less inclined to invest, especially in the more complex financial instruments. The developed AHP model will help young people make better, fact-based financial choices.

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A model and predictions for COVID-19 considering population behavior and vaccination

10.21203/rs.3.rs-318158/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Thomas Usherwood ◽

Zachary LaJoie ◽

Vikas Srivast

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Disease Transmission ◽

Transmission Rate ◽

Time History ◽

The United States ◽

High Rate ◽

Safety Level ◽

History Of ◽

Approach Zero ◽

And Behavior

Abstract The effect of vaccination coupled with the behavioral response of the population is not well understood. Our model incorporates two important dynamically varying population behaviors: level of caution and sense of safety. Level of caution increases with infectious cases, while an increasing sense of safety with increased vaccination lowers precautions. Our model accurately reproduces the complete time history of COVID-19 infections for various regions of the United States. We propose a parameter d_I as a direct measure of a population’s caution against an infectious disease that can be obtained from the infectious cases. The model provides quantitative measures of highest disease transmission rate, effective transmission rate, and cautionary behavior. We predict future COVID-19 trends in the United States accounting for vaccine rollout and behavior. Although a high rate of vaccination is critical to quickly ending the pandemic, a return towards pre-pandemic social behavior due to increased sense of safety during vaccine deployment can cause an alarming surge in infections. Our results predict that at the current rate of vaccination, the new infection cases for COVID-19 in the United States will approach zero by August 2021. This model can be used for other regions and for future epidemics and pandemics.

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Genetic stability of Aedes aegypti populations following invasion by wMel Wolbachia

BMC Genomics ◽

10.1186/s12864-021-08200-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Meng-Jia Lau ◽

Thomas L. Schmidt ◽

Qiong Yang ◽

Jessica Chung ◽

Lucien Sankey ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Aedes Aegypti ◽

Disease Transmission ◽

Geographic Location ◽

Infection Status ◽

Population Differences ◽

Outlier Analysis ◽

Genetic Changes ◽

Genome Wide ◽

And Behavior

Abstract Background Wolbachia wMel is the most commonly used strain in rear and release strategies for Aedes aegypti mosquitoes that aim to inhibit the transmission of arboviruses such as dengue, Zika, Chikungunya and yellow fever. However, the long-term establishment of wMel in natural Ae. aegypti populations raises concerns that interactions between Wolbachia wMel and Ae. aegypti may lead to changes in the host genome, which could affect useful attributes of Wolbachia that allow it to invade and suppress disease transmission. Results We applied an evolve-and-resequence approach to study genome-wide genetic changes in Ae. aegypti from the Cairns region, Australia, where Wolbachia wMel was first introduced more than 10 years ago. Mosquito samples were collected at three different time points in Gordonvale, Australia, covering the phase before (2010) and after (2013 and 2018) Wolbachia releases. An additional three locations where Wolbachia replacement happened at different times across the last decade were also sampled in 2018. We found that the genomes of mosquito populations mostly remained stable after Wolbachia release, with population differences tending to reflect the geographic location of the populations rather than Wolbachia infection status. However, outlier analysis suggests that Wolbachia may have had an influence on some genes related to immune response, development, recognition and behavior. Conclusions Ae. aegypti populations remained geographically distinct after Wolbachia wMel releases in North Australia despite their Wolbachia infection status. At some specific genomic loci, we found signs of selection associated with Wolbachia, suggesting potential evolutionary impacts can happen in the future and further monitoring is warranted.

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