A critical evaluation of 42, large‐scale, science and technology foresight Delphi surveys

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Belton ◽  
Kerstin Cuhls ◽  
George Wright
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Critical Evaluation ◽  
Technology Foresight

The long-term development of Russian biotech sector

foresight ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 491-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Grebenyuk ◽  
Nikolai Ravin
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Plant Biotechnology ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
The Usa

Purpose To define strategic directions for the Russia’s social, economic, scientific and technological development in 2011-2013, a large-scale foresight study including the deep analysis of prospects of biotechnology development there was undertaken (Russia 2030: Science and Technology Foresight). This paper aims to present results of this research. Design/methodology/approach The study was based on a combination of technology-push and market-pull approaches that aimed not only to identify most promising science and technology (S&T) areas but also to understand how they can be realized in practice. Representatives from federal authorities, science and business were involved in the project to create future visions of technological directions; analyze grand challenges, weak signals and wild cards; and set research and development (R&D) priorities. Findings According to results of the study, Russia has a potential for biotech sector development, although the level of R&D in the majority of areas is lagging behind that in the USA and leading EU countries. However, there are several advanced applied research areas where efforts can be focused. Among them are high-performance genomics and post-genomics research platforms, systems and structural biology, microbial metabolic engineering, plant biotechnology and microbial strains and consortia for development of symbiotic plant–microbial communities. Originality/value Concentration of available resources of government and business on biotechnological sector development can help to find answers for challenges that Russia faces today or will face tomorrow. It will help to pick up on the current level of research activities, improve the quality of personnel training, make this area the engine of the economy and carry out the so-called new industrialization of the country, building a new, high-tech device industry.

scholarly journals Contamination of Asian herbal drugs : Need for its critical evaluation

2009 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 291-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.K. Gupta ◽  
G. Prasad ◽  
A.K. Chopra ◽  
D.R. Khanna
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Critical Evaluation ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Severe Adverse Effect ◽  
World Population ◽  
Herbal Drugs ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Dual Action

Herbal drugs have been used as remedies for the treatment of large number of humans, ailments since ancient times as the traditional medicine system; India has a glorious past, having first documented record of fully developed medical science known as Ayurveda written by several ancient Rishi’s. Major groups of indigenous system of medicine are based on herbal drugs. A survey made by WHO indicated that about 80% of the world population relies on herbal drugs. Herbal drugs are becoming more popularized and important even in the developednations with hope of their non-toxicity and may play a role of substitute to overcome the problems of multi drug resistant pathogens. Cultivation of drug plants has been started in large scale without considering the land quality and in certain cases irrigation with waste water. Application of different fungicides, pesticides in that specific field or in neighboring fields may be directly deposited superficially or may be absorbed by the plant system. Therefore in the present situation possibilities of the Asian herbal drugs, contaminated with large number of toxic components cannot be ignored which may severely hurt human life in place of healing or curing.These contaminants may be either alone or in combination and may be originated intrinsically, extrinsically and deliberately. Certain contaminants may be highly toxic and may cause severe adverse effect in the human system. Some of the important contaminants are the heavy metals like lead, arsenic, cadmium, mercury, copper and pesticides. Adulteration of modern drugs to enhance drug potency and heterogenous microbial population including human pathogens may contaminate both raw and powdered herbal drugs. Among these contaminants, microbial contamination seems more severe and may be due to their dual action on the drug i.e. utilization of medicinally important chemical components as nutrients and in certain cases by producing certain mycotoxins, which may be even carcinogenic under certain conditions . Critical evaluation of both raw and powdered herbal drugs for contaminants is the urgent need of the time in order to provide safety measures in herbal health care medicine.

scholarly journals Views on Differential Management in Safety Supervision of Construction Engineering

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Song Yinghua
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Deep Foundation ◽  
Safety Risk ◽  
Construction Engineering ◽  
Engineering Construction ◽  
Engineering Structure ◽  
High Level ◽  
Socialist Market

Given the advances in science and technology, rapid development of socialist market economy and continuous advance of urbanization, it is necessary to enlarge the scale of engineering construction. As the form of engineering structure becomes more complex, large-scale and high-level projects with deep foundation have appeared in engineering construction. For construction engineering, one of its technologies includes solving the difficulties in construction. It is required to deal with the safety risk of construction in time to guarantee safety construction, timely solve the management difficulties and contradictory problems of the project and ensure both the safety of engineering construction and the rationalization of the institution setting of the safety supervision on the project. 

Large-scale Chemistry at the Imperial College of Science and Technology

Nature ◽  
1921 ◽  
Vol 107 (2698) ◽  
pp. 624-627
Author(s):  
J. F. T.
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Imperial College

scholarly journals A critical evaluation of results from genome-wide association studies of micronutrient status and their utility in the practice of precision nutrition

2019 ◽  
Vol 122 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie-Joe Dib ◽  
Ruan Elliott ◽  
Kourosh R. Ahmadi
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Critical Evaluation ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Genome Wide Association ◽  
Genome Wide Association Studies ◽  
Micronutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Micronutrient Status ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Fat Soluble Vitamins

AbstractRapid advances in ‘omics’ technologies have paved the way forward to an era where more ‘precise’ approaches – ‘precision’ nutrition – which leverage data on genetic variability alongside the traditional indices, have been put forth as the state-of-the-art solution to redress the effects of malnutrition across the life course. We purport that this inference is premature and that it is imperative to first review and critique the existing evidence from large-scale epidemiological findings. We set out to provide a critical evaluation of findings from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in the roadmap to precision nutrition, focusing on GWAS of micronutrient disposition. We found that a large number of loci associated with biomarkers of micronutrient status have been identified. Mean estimates of heritability of micronutrient status ranged between 20 and 35 % for minerals, 56–59 % for water-soluble and 30–70 % for fat-soluble vitamins. With some exceptions, the majority of the identified genetic variants explained little of the overall variance in status for each micronutrient, ranging between 1·3 and 8 % (minerals), <0·1–12 % (water-soluble) and 1·7–2·3 % for (fat-soluble) vitamins. However, GWAS have provided some novel insight into mechanisms that underpin variability in micronutrient status. Our findings highlight obvious gaps that need to be addressed if the full scope of precision nutrition is ever to be realised, including research aimed at (i) dissecting the genetic basis of micronutrient deficiencies or ‘response’ to intake/supplementation (ii) identifying trans-ethnic and ethnic-specific effects (iii) identifying gene–nutrient interactions for the purpose of unravelling molecular ‘behaviour’ in a range of environmental contexts.

Special Issue on NIED Frontier Research on Science and Technology for Disaster Risk Reduction and Resilience 2020

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 675-675
Author(s):  
Haruo Hayashi ◽  
Ryohei Misumi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Disaster Risk Reduction ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
The United States ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Risk Information ◽  
Shaking Table ◽  
Scale Model ◽  
Special Issue

We are very pleased to publish the Special Issue on NIED Frontier Research on Science and Technology for Disaster Risk Reduction and Resilience 2020. There are nine papers in this issue. The first two papers concern hazard and risk information systems: Sano et al. constructed a real-time risk information map for flood and landslide disasters, and Hirashima et al. created an alert system for snow removal from rooftops. These systems are already in use on the NIED website. The next three papers are case studies of recent storm disasters in Japan and the United States: Cui et al. analyzed the time variation in the distribution of damage reports in the headquarters for heavy-rainfall disaster control in Fukuoka, Shakti et al. studied flood disasters caused by Typhoon Hagibis (2019), and Iizuka and Sakai conducted a meteorological analysis of Hurricane Harvey (2017). Regarding volcanic disasters, Tanada and Nakamura reported the results of an electromagnetic survey of Mt. Nasudake. This special issue also includes three papers on large-scale model experimentation: Danjo and Ishizawa studied the rainfall infiltration process using NIED’s Large-Scale Rainfall Simulator, Kawamata and Nakazawa conducted experiments concerning liquefaction, and Nakazawa et al. reported the results of experiments on seismic retrofits for road embankments. The experiments used E-Defense, the world’s largest three-dimensional shaking table. We hope this issue will provide useful information for all readers studying natural disasters.

Analysis of Resonance Transformer Design Based on Electronic Linear Accelerator

2013 ◽  
Vol 416-417 ◽  
pp. 2102-2104
Author(s):  
Hong Juan Peng
Keyword(s):  
Linear Accelerator ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Simulation Experiment ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Current Situation ◽  
Management Process ◽  
Transformer Design ◽  
Pscad Simulation

Resonance transformer design is a large-scale and complicated management process. With the improvement of science and technology in China, and the application of modern professional, factory, mechanical and information means provides sufficient science and technology basis for the transformer design level. Grounded in the environment of electronic linear accelerator, this thesis could change the current situation of imperfect transformer management. This thesis elaborates the background and significance of electronic linear accelerator in resonance transformer design, proposes the purpose and main content mode of resonance transformer design, gives a detailed introduction of the frame and functions of all modules of PSCAD simulation experiment, and finally makes relevant discussions of the application of resonance transformer.

Growth of Demand for Materials with New Properties in Foresight and Strategic Planning

2016 ◽  
Vol 683 ◽  
pp. 15-21
Author(s):  
Anna V. Lozhnikova ◽  
Pyotr P. Shchetinin ◽  
Natalia Skrylnikova ◽  
Natalia Redchikova
Keyword(s):  
Technology Development ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Tax Incentives ◽  
Technology Foresight ◽  
Critical Importance ◽  
New Materials ◽  
Science And Engineering ◽  
The One ◽  
Object Of Study

The Russian Long-Term Science&Technology Foresight towards 2030 recognizes the critical importance of new materials in virtually all sectors of production, construction, medicine and services. This paper analyzes the essential terminological and content-related problems of foresight categories representation regarding new materials. Besides, the authors consider the development of further measures for direct and indirect (i.e. tax incentives) state support for economic development. The object of study is the science and technology categories “nanotechnologies”, “nanomaterials”, and “nanoproducts”. The study has been conducted using the method of critical technologies. The authors have revealed that the identification of the most promising areas of science and technology development in the framework of foresight, on the one hand, and tax incentives for research and development expenditures, on the other, are asymmetric. The asymmetry is content-related with regard to products and services and, temporal with regard to the duration period. What’s more, it is proposed to expand the current focus of the foresight studies in Russia and ensure that the scope of these studies comprises not only technology but also science and engineering.

Procedural characteristics of the 4th Korean technology foresight

foresight ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 198-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moonjung Choi ◽  
Han-Lim Choi ◽  
Heyoung Yang
Keyword(s):  
Technology Policy ◽  
Technology Development ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Delphi Survey ◽  
Science And Technology Policy ◽  
Technology Foresight ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Future Technology ◽  
Future Needs ◽  
Future Technologies

Purpose – The aim of this paper is to describe procedural characteristics of the 4th technology foresight (TF) using search engines to discover emerging issues; analytic framework development to discover future needs; future technologies considering future needs as well as technology development; detailed description of future technology; analytical discussions of Delphi survey results; developing spatial-specific scenarios and illustrations; and examining possible adverse effects of future technologies. Korea performs TF every 5 years to establish science and technology policy and strategies. In the 4th TF, future technologies that might be developed by 2035 were discovered and Delphi survey was conducted to examine current development status, anticipated times of technology development and public use, plans to secure these technologies, etc. Design/methodology/approach – This paper divides procedure employed in the 4th TF into three steps and explains seven characteristics related to its procedure. Findings – Improvement of the TF procedure will increase the reliability and applicability of its results. Originality/value – This paper consists of original results which include improved procedure and its implication by researchers who participated in the 4th TF. It will provide a useful example for other nations, hoping to introduce TF to set up national science and technology policy.

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