Improvement of the antioxidant activity, phytochemicals, and cannabinoid compounds of Cannabis sativa by salicylic acid elicitor

Objective: The objective of the present work is to study the in vitro anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity of medicinal plants. The extent and correlation between anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity have been studied.Method: Methanolic and aqueous extracts of five medicinal plants, namely, Ficus racemosa, Aloe vera, Cannabis sativa, Datura stramonium, and Calotropis gigantean have been taken for in vitro anti-inflammatory and total antioxidant activity.Result: The study showed that the inhibition of protein (albumin) denaturation was maximum in aqueous extract of A. vera with 97.55±1.45%. Proteinase inhibitory action of different plant extracts showed significant action and was found to be maximum in aqueous extract of D. stramonium with 87.89±2.58%. Heat-induced hemolysis showed that maximum inhibition was with aqueous extract of F. racemosa with 90.72±3.33%. When hypotonicity-induced hemolysis activity was done it was found maximum in methanolic extract of C. gigantea with 90.58±3.04%. Anti-lipoxygenase activity was found maximum in methanolic extract of F. racemosa with 94.05±4.24%. When total antioxidant activity was done, it was found highest in F. racemosa (4.38±0.546 mM equivalent of ascorbic acid/g tissue).Conclusion: An overall strong positive correlation between anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity was observed, indicating that antioxidant activity of the plant species studied might be responsible for their anti-inflammatory property. Further work needs to be undertaken to fully elucidate the antioxidants responsible for anti-inflammatory action and to develop better herbal drug formulations.

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Effects of exogenous salicylic acid on antioxidant activity and proline accumulation in apple (Malus domestica L.)

Horticulture Environment and Biotechnology ◽

10.1007/s13580-015-0049-6 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 56 (5) ◽

pp. 606-611 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Bengu Turkyilmaz Unal ◽

Oguzhan Mentis ◽

Ethem Akyol

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Salicylic Acid ◽

Malus Domestica ◽

Proline Accumulation ◽

Exogenous Salicylic Acid

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The effects of chitosan and salicylic acid on elicitation of secondary metabolites and antioxidant activity of safflower under in vitro salinity stress

Plant Cell Tissue and Organ Culture (PCTOC) ◽

10.1007/s11240-019-01592-9 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 137 (3) ◽

pp. 575-585 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Pooran Golkar ◽

Marzieh Taghizadeh ◽

Zeinab Yousefian

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Salicylic Acid ◽

Secondary Metabolites ◽

Salinity Stress

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Antioxidant activity and rosmarinic acid changes in salicylic acid-treated Thymus membranaceus shoots

Food Chemistry ◽

10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.07.051 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 130 (2) ◽

pp. 362-369 ◽

Cited By ~ 46

Author(s):

Víctor Pérez-Tortosa ◽

Antonio López-Orenes ◽

Ascensión Martínez-Pérez ◽

María A. Ferrer ◽

Antonio A. Calderón

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Salicylic Acid ◽

Rosmarinic Acid

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Genotype screening of Cannabis sativa L. based on the specifics of minor cannabinoids manifestation

Plant varieties studying and protection ◽

10.21498/2518-1017.17.3.2021.242949 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 17 (3) ◽

pp. 218-225

Author(s):

S. V. Mishchenko ◽

H. I. Kyrychenko ◽

I. М. Laiko

Keyword(s):

Cannabis Sativa ◽

Negative Relationship ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Linear Relationships ◽

Synthetic Populations ◽

Strong Positive Relationship ◽

Cannabinoid Compounds ◽

Multiple Correlation Coefficients ◽

Relationship Of ◽

Genotype Screening

Analysis of hemp collection samples based on the content of minor (rare) non-psychotropic cannabinoids, such as cannabichromene (CBC), cannabidivarin (CBDV), and cannabinol (CBN); determination of correlation relationships between them and common compounds; selection of valuable breeding genotypes. Methods. Field, biochemical (gas chromatography of cannabinoid compounds), and statistical (pair, partial, and multiple linear correlations). Results. Quantitative analysis of 210 samples of various ecological-geographical and genetic origin (local and wild forms, self-filing lines, hybrids, varieties, synthetic populations, polyploids) with a tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) content of less than 0.08% in dried plants showed the level of manifestation of the trait from its absence within the sensitivity of the gas chromatograph up to 0.6838% CBC, 0.1719% CBC and 0.3274% CBN. In the studied hemp samples, a medium negative relationship was found between the signs of the CBC and cannabidiol (CBD) contents (r = –0.53), a weak negative relationship between CBC and CBDV contents (r = –0.35), medium positive relationships between the signs of CBC and THC contents (r = 0.57) and CBC and CBN contents (r = 0.59). A medium positive correlation (r = 0.57) was found between the signs of CBDV and CBD contents, while CBN had a strong positive relationship with THC (r = 0.82). There is almost no correlation between cannabigerol (CBG) and the minor cannabinoids under study. The biosynthesis of minor cannabinoid compounds is quite complex. Signs manifestation is affected by many genetic and external factors. Partial correlation coefficients (given that one of the three signs is eliminated) and multiple correlation coefficients (given that the relationship of one sign is determined and two other signs are combined) give grounds to state that the gene for CBCA-synthase affects the production of CBD and, in particular THC. Conclusions. The closeness of the linear relationships between minor cannabinoids and common components allows selecting valuable hemp samples with a high content of one or several compounds under the absence or low content of psychotropic THC.

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Phytochemical and Morphological Attributes of Borage (Borago officinalis) Affected by Salicylic Acid as an Enhancer

Notulae Scientia Biologicae ◽

10.15835/nsb629292 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 138-142

Author(s):

Vahid AKBARPOUR ◽

Hossein ARUEI ◽

Seyyed Hossein NEMATI

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Salicylic Acid ◽

Chlorophyll A ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Block Design ◽

Ion Leakage ◽

Shoot Height ◽

Borago Officinalis ◽

Morphological Attributes ◽

Wet Weight

The objective of this study was to determine the response of borage (Borago officinalis) phytochemical and morphological attributes in relation to application of different levels of salicylic acid. Borage planted in pots and salicylic acid was sprayed on the shoots at concentrations of 0, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 mM with 6 replications in a completely randomized block design. Morphological attributes such as shoot height, shoot dry matter, flower dry matter, flower weight and shoot wet weight were measured. In the other hand, phytochemical attributes such as ion leakage, chlorophyll a, b, carotenoid, and antioxidant activity were also investigated under induced stress by different concentrations of salicylic acid. Results showed that some morphological traits such as shoot dry matter (31.23%), flower dry matter (20.43%), flower weight (38.54 g), shoot wet weight (109.43 g), possessed the highest values under treatment of 1.5 mM salicylic acid. Also, some phytochemical traits in plants treated with 1.5 mM salicylic acid reached the highest values during the growth stage with the exception of ion leakage (0.54%). These measured traits with higher values consisted of chlorophyll a (4.16 mg.l-1), chlorophyll b (1.65 mg.l-1), total chlorophyll (5.81 mg.l-1), carotenoid (1.18 mg.l-1), antioxidant activity (53.73%).

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Chemical Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Thyme, Hemp and Coriander Extracts: A Comparison Study of Maceration, Soxhlet, UAE and RSLDE Techniques

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods9091221 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (9) ◽

pp. 1221 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sara Palmieri ◽

Marika Pellegrini ◽

Antonella Ricci ◽

Dario Compagnone ◽

Claudio Lo Sterzo

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Biological Activity ◽

Bioactive Compounds ◽

Cannabis Sativa ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Thymus Vulgaris ◽

Volatile Fraction ◽

Natural Food ◽

Antioxidant Power ◽

Dry Extract

Appropriate and standardized techniques for the extraction of secondary metabolites with interesting biological activity from plants are required. In this work, a comparison of different conventional and unconventional extraction techniques (maceration—M, Soxhlet—S, ultrasound assisted extraction—UAE, and rapid solid-liquid dynamic extraction—RSLDE) was investigated. Bioactive compounds were extracted from Thymus vulgaris L. (thyme), Cannabis sativa L. (industrial hemp) and Coriandrum sativum L. (coriander) and chemically characterized for their volatile fraction and polyphenolic content by means of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and high performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet (HPLC-UV). Linalool (48.19%, RSLDE) and carvacrol (21.30%, M) for thyme, caryophyllene (54.78%, S) and humulene (14.13%, S) for hemp, and linalool (84.16%, RSLDE) for coriander seeds were the main compounds among terpenes, while thyme was the richest source of polyphenols with rosmarinic acid (51.7 mg/g dry extract-S), apigenin (7.6 mg/g dry extract-S), and luteolin (4.1 mg/g dry extract-UAE) being the most abundant. In order to shed light on their potential as natural food preservatives, the biological activity of the extracts was assessed in terms of antioxidant activity (2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid—ABTS˙+, ferric reducing antioxidant power—FRAP, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl—DPPH˙ assays) and phenolic content (Folin–Ciocâlteu method). For thyme, Soxhlet extracts showed best performances in FRAP and ABTS˙+ assays (74 mg TE/g dry extract and 134 mg TE/g dry extract, respectively), while Soxhlet and RSLDE extracts recorded similar activity in DPPH˙ (107–109 mg TE/g dry extract). For hemp and coriander, indeed, RSLDE extracts accounted for higher antioxidant activity as evidenced by FRAP (80 mg TE/g dry extract and 18 mg TE/g dry extract, respectively) and ABTS˙+ (557 mg TE/g dry extract and 48 mg TE/g dry extract, respectively) assays. With respect to DPPH˙, the best results were observed for UAE extracts (45 mg TE/g dry extract and 220 mg TE/g dry extract, respectively). Our findings suggest that all the investigated techniques are valid extraction methods to retain bioactive compounds and preserve their activity for application in food and pharmaceutical formulations. Among them, the innovative RSLDE stands out for the slightly higher antioxidant performances of the extracts, coupled with the facility of use and standardization of the extraction process.

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Whitening Activity of Constituents Isolated from the Trichosanthes Pulp

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2020/2582579 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Rongchao Zhang ◽

Xiuqin Hu ◽

Bo Zhang ◽

Zhen Wang ◽

Chunxiang Hao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Salicylic Acid ◽

Chinese Medicine ◽

Traditional Chinese Medicine ◽

Cinnamic Acid ◽

Coumaric Acid ◽

Development And Utilization ◽

First Time ◽

Further Development ◽

Whitening Activity

Whitening cosmetics market has a bright future, and pure natural whitening products of traditional Chinese medicine have always been a research hotspot. In this research, the whitening active ingredient of Chinese medicine Trichosanthes pulp was isolated and purified for the first time, and its whitening mechanism was clarified. Chromatographic methods such as silica gel, ODS, and HPLC were used to isolate and purify them. B16 cells were used to measure the antioxidant activity, tyrosinase activity, and melanin removal activity. A total of 20 compounds were isolated, including p-hydroxybenzaldehyde (1), salicylic acid (2), vanillic acid (3), isovanillic acid (4), protocatechuate (5), trans-cinnamic acid (6), 4-coumaric acid (7), trans-ferulic acid (8), drechslerol-B (9), cyclotucanol 3-palmitate (10), 5-acetoxymethyl-2-furaldehyde (11), 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (12), diosmetin (13), apigenin (14), chrysoeriol (15), luteolin (16), 4′-hydroxyscutellarin (17), quercetin (18), 3′,5-dihydroxy-7-(β-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-4′-methoxyflavone (19), and cofloxacin-7-O-β-D-glucoside (20). Among them, compounds 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, and 20 have good antioxidant repairing effects; compounds 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 have high black inhibition; compounds 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, and 20 have obvious tyrosine acidase inhibitory activity. The results laid foundation for the further development and utilization of Trichosanthes pulp resources and also provide a basis for the development of natural whitening cosmetics.

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