Low storage temperature for tree ripe mangoes under controlled atmospheres with elevated CO 2 concentrations

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renar João Bender ◽  
Jeffrey K Brecht ◽  
Steven A Sargent
Keyword(s):  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Controlled Atmospheres

scholarly journals Aroma of mature-green and tree-ripe mangoes after refrigerated air or controlled atmosphere storage

2022 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Renar João Bender ◽  
Jeffrey Karl Brecht ◽  
Elizabeth Amory Baldwin
Keyword(s):  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Controlled Atmosphere Storage ◽  
Controlled Atmospheres ◽  
Postharvest Handling ◽  
Terpene Synthesis ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Atmosphere Storage ◽  
Aroma Components ◽  
Green Stage

ABSTRACT: Mango flavor is dependent on cultivar characteristics and postharvest handling procedures. Mangoes harvested with the ripening metabolism initiated develop better flavor than mangoes harvested at the mature-green stage. Different cultivars were harvested at both ripeness stages and evaluated to determine the effect of fruit ripeness, storage temperature and atmosphere on the volatiles present in aroma profiles. Mangoes of the cultivars Haden, Keitt and Tommy Atkins at distinct ripeness stages were stored in controlled atmospheres (CA) with 2, 5 or 21 kPa O2 plus 0, 10 or 25 kPa CO2 at 5, 8, 12 or 15 °C. Terpene concentrations of mangoes stored in air were higher than the concentrations in mangoes stored in CA. The sesquiterpene α-copaene did not present recognizable peaks in almost all elusion sequences. The same result was observed with the monoterpene β-pinene in cv. Haden and cv. Keitt mangoes while in ‘Tommy Atkins’ fruit β-pinene concentrations were below 1.06 µL.L-1. Ethanol and acetaldehyde concentrations were significantly higher in mangoes from 2 kPa O2 storage than those from air storage or the other CA treatments. Terpene synthesis in air or CA storage in all cultivars varied significantly, preventing generalizations as to what storage conditions favor or limit aroma components elution.

scholarly journals Fruit Maturity and Storage Temperature Influence Response of Strawberries to Controlled Atmospheres

2002 ◽  
Vol 127 (5) ◽  
pp. 836-842 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.C.N. Nunes ◽  
A.M.M.B. Morais ◽  
J.K. Brecht ◽  
S.A. Sargent
Keyword(s):  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Temperature Influence ◽  
Total Anthocyanin ◽  
Controlled Atmospheres ◽  
C Storage ◽  
Fruit Maturity ◽  
Lower Temperature ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Decay Development

`Chandler' strawberries (Fragaria ×ananassa Duch.) harvested three-quarter colored or fully red were stored in air or a controlled atmosphere (CA) of 5% O2 + 15% CO2 at 4 or 10 °C to evaluate the influence of fruit maturity and storage temperature on the response to CA. Quality evaluations were made after 1 and 2 weeks in air or CA, and also after 1 and 2 weeks in air or CA plus 1 day in air at 20 °C. By 2 weeks, strawberries of both maturities stored in air at 10 °C were decayed, however, strawberries stored in CA at 4 or 10 °C or air at 4 °C had no decay even after 2 weeks plus 1 day at 20 °C. Three-quarter colored fruit stored in either air or CA remained firmer, lighter (higher L* value) and purer red (higher hue and chroma values) than fully red fruit, with the most pronounced effect being on CA-stored fruit at 4 °C. CA was more effective than air storage in maintaining initial anthocyanin and soluble solids contents (SSC) of three-quarter colored fruit and fruit stored at 10 °C. Strawberries harvested three-quarter colored maintained initial hue and chroma values for 2 weeks in CA at 4 °C, becoming fully red only when transferred to air at 20 °C. Although three-quarter colored fruit darkened and softened in 10 °C storage, the CA-stored fruit remained lighter colored and as firm as the at-harvest values of fully red fruit. After 1 or 2 weeks in CA at either 4 or 10 °C plus 1 day at 20 °C, three-quarter colored fruit also had similar SSC levels but lower total anthocyanin contents than the initial levels in fully red fruit. CA maintained better strawberry quality than air storage even at an above optimum storage temperature of 10 °C, but CA was more effective at the lower temperature of 4 °C. Three-quarter colored fruit responded better to CA than fully red fruit, maintaining better appearance, firmness, and color over 2 weeks storage, while achieving similar acidity and SSC with minimal decay development.

scholarly journals Controlled-atmosphere Storage of Sugar Peas

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stacey L. Ontai ◽  
Robert E. Paull ◽  
Mikal E. Saltveit
Keyword(s):  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Total Soluble Sugars ◽  
Controlled Atmosphere Storage ◽  
Controlled Atmospheres ◽  
Co Concentration ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Atmosphere Storage

Sugar peas (Pisum sativum var. saccharatum cv. Manoa Sugar) were stored for 14 or 21 days under controlled atmospheres (CA) of 21% or 2.4% O2, plus 0%, 2.6%, or 4.7% CO2 at 10 or 1C. Changes in appearance, weight, and in the concentrations of chlorophyll, total soluble sugars, insoluble solids, and soluble protein were evaluated before and after storage. After 14 days of storage at 10C there were minor changes in all indicators of quality under the various storage conditions, but the appearance of sugar peas was better under CA than under 21% O2. When quality was evaluated after 21 days, however, storage under CA at 10C was not as beneficial as storage in 21% O2, at 1C. Holding peas in 2.4% O2, for up to 3 weeks at l0C, a higher than recommended storage temperature, maintained better quality than 21% O2. Increasing the CO, concentration from 0% to 2.6% or 4.7% had no adverse effects on quality and had a beneficial effect in some treatments. Compared with storage in 21% O2, the appearance of the peas was better, the concentrations of chlorophyll and soluble sugar were maintained at higher levels, and the insoluble solids were decreased in all atmospheres with 2.4% O2. Appearance and concentrations of chlorophyll, soluble sugars, and proteins were maintained at 1C regardless of treatments.

The Relationship Between Botulinal Toxin Production and Spoilage of Fresh Tomatoes Held at 13 and 23°C Under Passively Modified and Controlled Atmospheres and Air

1992 ◽  
Vol 55 (7) ◽  
pp. 522-527 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOSEPH H. HOTCHKISS ◽  
MICHAEL J. BANCO ◽  
FRANK F. BUSTA ◽  
CONSTANTIN A. GENIGEORGIS ◽  
RICHARD KOCIBA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Botulinum Toxin ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Toxin Production ◽  
Specific Storage ◽  
Controlled Atmospheres ◽  
Co2 Balance ◽  
Storage Times ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Plastic Containers ◽  
Composite Samples

The formation of botulinal toxin relative to spoilage of fresh whole tomatoes was investigated at 13 and 23°C under passively modified (MA) and controlled atmospheres (CA) and air. Tomatoes were subsurface inoculated with a composite of type A and proteolytic and nonproteolytic type B strains of Clostridium botulinum spores. Some were also inoculated with Alternaria mold spores. MA (1.0–2.9% O2) was passively established by a combination of product respiration and package permeability. CA was established by placing tomatoes in continuously flushed (1% O2, 20% CO2, balance N2) Plexiglass plastic containers. Tomatoes were tested for botulinum toxin by the mouse assay at the time when they first became inedible based on predefined stages of decay rather than specific storage times in order to determine the relationship between spoilage and botulinal toxigenesis. All tomatoes became inedible according to the established criteria within 17 to 46 d depending on the storage temperature and atmosphere. Botulinum toxin was not detected in the 24 composite samples of inedible tomatoes (representing 99 tomatoes) which were tested at the time they first became inedible. Toxin was detected in four of five additional composite samples (representing 10 tomatoes) which were held 2 to 9 d beyond the time they were first determined to be inedible. These data indicate that MA-packaged tomatoes can become toxic but only after becoming severely spoiled beyond the point of being organoleptically acceptable. The risk of botulism from consumption of extended shelf life whole tomatoes appears to be insignificant.

scholarly journals Effects of Foliar Nutrition on Onion Seed Storage under Controlled Atmosphere

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (1-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Shehata ◽  
M. Y. Hashem ◽  
G. I. Mahmoud ◽  
K. F. Abd El-Gawad ◽  
H. R. El-Ramady ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Seed Storage ◽  
Exposure Period ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Controlled Atmosphere ◽  
Foliar Nutrition ◽  
Controlled Atmospheres ◽  
Malondialdehyde Content

Storage of fresh fruits and vegetables prolongs their usefulness. The principal goal of storage is to preserve the commodity in its most useable form for the consumer. The extension of storage life and the improvement of quality of fresh fruits and vegetables can be supplied by harvesting at proper maturity, control of post-harvest diseases, chemical treatments, refrigeration, controlled and modified atmospheres. Two successive winter seasons of 2008/2009 and 2009/2010 were conducted under sandy soil conditions to study the effect of spraying with 12 commercial compounds on onion seeds and storage under controlled atmosphere. The germination percentages were 85.50, 86.85, 83.75 and 82.15 for CA1, CA2, CA3 and CA4, respectively. Water content of onion seeds was significantly increased with decreasing storage temperature in all controlled atmospheres. Water content values were 4.48, 4.40, 4.55 and 4.54 for CA1, CA2, CA3 and CA4, respectively. There were significant decreases in water content with increasing exposure periods. The lowest water content was recordednfor the exposure periods of 120 and 240 days. Catalase and peroxidase activities were decreased with the decreasing of storage temperature, whereas malondialdehyde content was increased. The exposure for 120 days recorded the highest catalase activity. The highest value of peroxidase (11.72) was recorded for CA2. Peroxidase activity increased as exposure period increased until 120 days and then decreased. Cold storage temperature (5°C) showed the highest malondialdehyde content followed by room temperature. The CA2 showed the lowest malondialdehyde content compared with other controlled atmospheres. The exposure period of 120 days had the lowest malondialdehyde content.

Optimisation of storage conditions for 'UC 157' asparagus

1992 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 529 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Klieber ◽  
RBH Wills
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Shelf Life ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Storage Life ◽  
Asparagus Officinalis ◽  
Calcium Hypochlorite ◽  
Controlled Atmospheres

Asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L. cv. UC 157) was harvested in 3 seasons over 3 months and held at various temperatures, controlled atmospheres and relative humidities, and in dips, to optimise storage conditions. The optimum storage temperature was l.5�C, and precooling needed to be applied with the shortest possible delay after harvest. However, asparagus became more sensitive to chilling and lost 3 of 4 weeks of storage life and 2 of 5 days of shelf life at 20�C as the season progressed. Increasing the relative humidity from recommended 94 to 100% reduced weight loss but not quality, and wetting of spears during cooling did not reduce quality provided butt rots were controlled by dipping asparagus butts in saturated calcium hypochlorite. Continuous storage of spears with their butt in aqueous solutions reduced quality due to rotting, splitting and bending, but controlled atmospheres of 8-15% CO2/18-19% O2 extended storage life at l.5�C by 1 week and shelf life at 20�C by 2 days.

Effects of Ion Beam Milling on Surface Topography

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 84-85
Author(s):  
P.G. Pawar ◽  
P. Duhamel ◽  
G.W. Monk
Keyword(s):  
Surface Topography ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Solid Material ◽  
Beam Current ◽  
Atomic Mass ◽  
Micro Milling ◽  
Ion Milling ◽  
Controlled Atmospheres ◽  
Milling Operations ◽  
Sufficient Energy

A beam of ions of mass greater than a few atomic mass units and with sufficient energy can remove atoms from the surface of a solid material at a useful rate. A system used to achieve this purpose under controlled atmospheres is called an ion miliing machine. An ion milling apparatus presently available as IMMI-III with a IMMIAC was used in this investigation. Unless otherwise stated, all the micro milling operations were done with Ar+ at 6kv using a beam current of 100 μA for each of the two guns, with a specimen tilt of 15° from the horizontal plane.It is fairly well established that ion bombardment of the surface of homogeneous materials can produce surface topography which resembles geological erosional features.

Microstructural Evolution in Reduced TiO2

1981 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 74-75
Author(s):  
W. T. Donlon ◽  
S. Shinozaki ◽  
E. M. Logothetis ◽  
W. Kaizer
Keyword(s):  
Microstructural Evolution ◽  
Point Defects ◽  
Extended Defects ◽  
Small Deviations ◽  
Controlled Atmospheres ◽  
Limited Solubility ◽  
Thin Foils ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Porous Polycrystalline ◽  
Crystallographic Shear

Since point defects have a limited solubility in the rutile (TiO2) lattice, small deviations from stoichiometry are known to produce crystallographic shear (CS) planes which accomodate local variations in composition. The material used in this study was porous polycrystalline TiO2 (60% dense), in the form of 3mm. diameter disks, 1mm thick. Samples were mechanically polished, ion-milled by conventional techniques, and initially examined with the use of a Siemens EM102. The electron transparent thin foils were then heat-treated under controlled atmospheres of CO/CO2 and H2 and reexamined in the same manner.The “as-received” material contained mostly TiO2 grains (∼5μm diameter) which had no extended defects. Several grains however, aid exhibit a structure similar to micro-twinned grains observed in reduced rutile. Lattice fringe images (Fig. 1) of these grains reveal that the adjoining layers are not simply twin related variants of a single TinO2n-1 compound. Rather these layers (100 - 250 Å wide) are alternately comprised of stoichiometric TiO2 (rutile) and reduced TiO2 in the form of Ti8O15, with the Ti8O15 layers on either side of the TiO2 being twin related.

Storage of Human Blood Platelets

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 (02/03) ◽  
pp. 405-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R Hardeman ◽  
Carina J L. Heynens
Keyword(s):  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Blood Platelets ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Serotonin Uptake ◽  
Hypotonic Shock ◽  
Glycolytic Intermediates

SummaryStorage experiments were performed at 4°, 25° and 37° C with platelet-rich plasma under sterile conditions. In some experiments also the effect of storing platelets at 4° C in whole blood was investigated.Before, during and after three days of storage, the platelets were tested at 37° C for their serotonin uptake and response to hypotonic shock. In addition some glycolytic intermediates were determined.A fair correlation was noticed between the serotonin uptake and hypotonic shock experiments. Both parameters were best maintained at 25° C. Also platelet counting, performed after the storage period, indicated 25° C as the best storage temperature. Determination of glycolytic intermediates did not justify any conclusion regarding the optimal storage temperature. Of the various anticoagulants studied, ACD and heparin gave the best results as to the serotonin uptake and hypotonic shock response, either with fresh or stored platelets. The use of EDTA resulted in the lowest activity, especially after storage.The results of these storage experiments in vitro, correspond well with those in vivo reported in the literature.

Motilitas dan Vabilitas Spermatozoa Ayam Kampung pada Suhu 5°C Menggunakan Pengencer dan Lama Simpan yang Berbeda

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 102
Author(s):  
Enike Dwi Kusumawati ◽  
Selvinus Lawu Woli ◽  
Aju Tjatur Nugroho Krisnaningsih ◽  
Waluyo Edi Susanto ◽  
Syam Rahadi
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Coconut Water ◽  
Laboratory Research ◽  
Ringer Lactate ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Native Chicken ◽  
Lactate Solution ◽  
Better Than

ABSTRAKPenelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui motilitas dan viabilitas spermatozoa ayam kampung pada suhu 5oC menggunakan pengencer dan lama simpan yang berbeda. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian laboratorium menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) Faktorial dengan pengencer ringer lactat solution, air kelapa dan tanpa pengencer serta lama simpan 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24, 27, 30, masing-masing diulang 10 kali. Variabel yang diamati yaitu motilitas dan viabilitas spermatozoa. Analisa data yang digunakan adalah analisis varian. Hasil analisis data menunjukkan bahwa motilitas dan viabilitas spermatozoa menggunakan pengencer ringer lactat solution lebih tinggi (P<0,01) serta dapat bertahan sampai lama simpan 24 jam dibandingkan air kelapa dan tanpa pengencer. Adapun nilai motilitas ringer lactat solution, air kelapa dan tanpa pengencer pada lama simpan 24 jam masing-masing sebesar 43,5±17,17%; 8±4,83%; 6,5±2,4%, sedangkan nilai viabilitasnya sebesar 83,2±7,25%; 64,6±3,20%; dan 63,1±2,33%. Kesimpulan dari hasil penelitian ini adalah ringer lactat solution lebih baik dibandingkan air kelapa dan tanpa pengencer dalam mempertahankan kualitas semen ayam kampung pada suhu simpan 5oC sampai lama simpan 24 jam.Kata Kunci : air kelapa, ayam kampung, motilitas, spermatozoa, viabilitas  ABSTRACTThis study was conducted to determine the motility and viability of spermatozoa of Native chickens at 5oC using different diluents and time storage. The method used in this study was laboratory research using Factorial Completely Randomized Design with ringer lactate solution, coconut water and without diluent at 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24, 27, 30 hours of time storage each repeated 10 times. The variables observed were motility and viability of sperm. Data analysis used is variance analysis. The results of data analysis showed that the motility and viability of spermatozoa using ringer lactate solution diluents was higher (P <0.05) than coconut water and without diluents. The motility values of ringer lactat solution, coconut water and without diluents were 43,5±17,17%; 8±4,83%; 6,5±2,4% respectively, while the viability values were 83,2±7,25%; 64,6±3,20% and 63,1±2,33%. The conclusion of this study is that ringer lactat solution is better than coconut water an without diluents in maintaining the quality of Native chicken semen at a storage temperature of 5oC until 24 hours.Keywords: coconut water, motility, native chicken, sperm, viability

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