Understanding the influence of anti‐reversion agent and metal oxide dose on natural rubber–carbon black system

1996 ◽

Vol 54 ◽

pp. 174-175

Author(s):

P. Sadhukhan ◽

J. B. Zimmerman

Keyword(s):

Zinc Oxide ◽

Electron Microscope ◽

Carbon Black ◽

Natural Rubber ◽

Transmission Electron Microscope ◽

Rolling Resistance ◽

Synthetic Polymers ◽

Nitrogen Atmosphere ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Curing Agents

Rubber stocks, specially tires, are composed of natural rubber and synthetic polymers and also of several compounding ingredients, such as carbon black, silica, zinc oxide etc. These are generally mixed and vulcanized with additional curing agents, mainly organic in nature, to achieve certain “designing properties” including wear, traction, rolling resistance and handling of tires. Considerable importance is, therefore, attached both by the manufacturers and their competitors to be able to extract, identify and characterize various types of fillers and pigments. Several analytical procedures have been in use to extract, preferentially, these fillers and pigments and subsequently identify and characterize them under a transmission electron microscope.Rubber stocks and tire sections are subjected to heat under nitrogen atmosphere to 550°C for one hour and then cooled under nitrogen to remove polymers, leaving behind carbon black, silica and zinc oxide and 650°C to eliminate carbon blacks, leaving only silica and zinc oxide.

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Preparation and characterization of natural rubber compounds with filler of oil palm empty bunches powder and carbon black

Functional materials ◽

10.15407/fm27.01.140 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 27 (1) ◽

Keyword(s):

Carbon Black ◽

Natural Rubber ◽

Oil Palm ◽

Rubber Compounds

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Rubber Fracture Characterization Using J-Integral

Tire Science and Technology ◽

10.2346/1.2148797 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 44-60 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

C. L. Chow ◽

J. Wang ◽

P. N. Tse

Keyword(s):

Crack Initiation ◽

Carbon Black ◽

Natural Rubber ◽

Fracture Parameter ◽

J Integral ◽

Specimen Length ◽

Fracture Characterization ◽

Premature Failure ◽

Testing Procedures ◽

Material Evaluation

Abstract The use of the J-integral to investigate fracture characterization in a carbon black reinforced natural rubber is described. Three applications to crack initiation are included: two based on the use of a hypothetical zero specimen length and one on conventional testing procedures for metals. While the validity of the zero-length methods is questionable, the conventional method yielded a consistent Jc value of 1.01 N/mm for a typical tire compound. This value was obtained from 24 combinations of varying specimen geometries and pre-crack lengths. The J-integral is revealed as a valid fracture parameter that is applicable not only for material evaluation but also for designing tire structures to resist premature failure. These conclusions disagree with those from an earlier investigation, so the causes for the discrepancies are examined and discussed.

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Assessment of Graphene Oxide and Nanoclay Based Hybrid Filler in Chlorobutyl-Natural Rubber Blend for Advanced Gas Barrier Applications

Nanomaterials ◽

10.3390/nano11051098 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 1098

Author(s):

Jibin Keloth Paduvilan ◽

Prajitha Velayudhan ◽

Ashin Amanulla ◽

Hanna Joseph Maria ◽

Allisson Saiter-Fourcin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Graphene Oxide ◽

Carbon Black ◽

Natural Rubber ◽

Gas Permeability ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Barrier Properties ◽

Hybrid Filler ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

Chlorobutyl Rubber ◽

And Chemical Properties

Nanomaterials have engaged response from the scientific world in recent decades due to their exceptional physical and chemical properties counter to their bulk. They have been widely used in a polymer matrix to improve mechanical, thermal, barrier, electronic and chemical properties. In rubber nanocomposites, nanofillers dispersion and the interfacial adhesion between polymer and fillers influences the composites factual properties. In the present work, a comparison of the hybrid effects of carbon black with two different nanofillers (graphene oxide and nanoclay) was studied. The 70/30 composition of chlorobutyl rubber/natural rubber elastomer blend was taken as per the blend composition optimized from our previous studies. The hybrid effects of graphene oxide and nanoclay in dispersing the nanofillers were studied mainly by analyzing nanocomposite barrier properties. The results confirm that the combined effect of carbon black with graphene oxide and nanoclay could create hybrid effects in decreasing the gas permeability. The prepared nanocomposites which partially replace the expensive chlorobutyl rubber can be used for tyre inner liner application. Additionally, the reduction in the amount of carbon black in the nanocomposite can be an added advantage of considering the environmental and economic factors.

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