Application Of Genomics To Forage CROP Breeding For Quality Traits

2007 ◽  
pp. 281-306
Author(s):  
Thomas Lübberstedt
Keyword(s):  
Quality Traits ◽  
Crop Breeding ◽  
Forage Crop

New varieties of forage crops and technologies for Russian agriculture

2021 ◽  
pp. 22-26
Author(s):  
В.М. Косолапов ◽  
В.И. Чернявских ◽  
С.И. Костенко
Keyword(s):  
Red Clover ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Crop Breeding ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Forage Crop ◽  
Oil Crops ◽  
Rhizobium Strains ◽  
Russian Agriculture ◽  
New Varieties

Рассмотрено значение селекции специализированных сортов и использования новых видов кормовых культур в решении проблем кормопроизводства, улучшении экологической обстановки. В Федеральном научном центре проводятся комплексные исследования со многими видами кормовых культур: клевером луговым, клевером ползучим, райграсом пастбищным, фестулолиумом, тимофеевкой луговой и ещё с 44 кормовыми и масличными культурами различного назначения. Сорта последнего поколения предназначены для выращивания во всех регионах России. За последние 3 года сотрудниками ФНЦ «ВИК им. В. Р. Вильямса» передано в государственное сортоиспытание и зарегистрировано 38 новых сортов: три сорта люцерны, три сорта люпина белого, два сорта лядвенца рогатого, два сорта фестулолиума, три сорта клевера лугового и т.д. Учёные ФНЦ «ВИК им. В. Р. Вильямса» ежегодно получают от 12 до 16 патентов на новые селекционные достижения по более чем 44 кормовым и масличным культурам различного назначения. За последние годы получены новые сортомикробные системы современных сортов клевера лугового и люцерны, отработаны технологии и получены патенты на способы фитомелиорации, на конструкции агрегатов для заготовки высококачественных кормов; работает лаборатория молекулярно-генетических исследований кормовых культур, в практику внедряются адаптированные ДНК-технологии, повышающие эффективность селекционного процесса. Показана важность ускоренного введения новых сортов в производство путём заключения неисключительных лицензионных договоров. Основная деятельность ФНЦ «ВИК им. В. Р. Вильямса» направлена на комплексные исследования в области селекции кормовых культур, а также на создание системы их семеноводства, которая обеспечит страну не только оригинальными, но и элитными и репродукционными семенами. This article reports on breeding and cultivation of new varieties of forage crops as means to improve forage production and ecology. The Federal Williams Research Center conducts investigations involving various crop species: red clover, white clover, perennial ryegrass, festulolium, common timothy and 44 other forage and oil crops. The latest varieties are to be grown all over Russia. For the last 3 years the Center submitted for the State variety trial and registered 38 new varieties: three varieties of alfalfa, red clover and white lupine, two varieties of birdʼs-foot trefoil and festulolium, etc. Scientists of the Center annually get 12–16 selection patents for over 44 forage and oil crops. Recent achievements are new systems of Rhizobium strains with red clover and alfalfa; improved technologies and patents for phytomelioration and designing fodder equipment; the laboratory of Molecular Biology and Genetics and application of DNA technologies in breeding. Nonexclusive license was shown to accelerate introduction of new varieties into the production process. The Center focuses on forage crop breeding and optimization of seed production.

A multi-trait characterization of the ‘Friariello’ landrace: a Mediterranean resource for sweet pepper breeding

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Parisi ◽  
Francesco Di Dato ◽  
Sara Ricci ◽  
Giuseppe Mennella ◽  
Teodoro Cardi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Multidisciplinary Approach ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Phenotypic Variability ◽  
Sweet Pepper ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Crop Breeding ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Pepper Breeding

Landraces are an important resource for crop breeding, due to their resilience and content of quality traits. However, genetic and phenotypic variability needs to be carefully characterized for proper direct and indirect use. In the present study, a multidisciplinary approach was carried out to assess the Italian sweet pepper landrace ‘Friariello’. A total of 18 traditional accessions were compared with five hybrids and two ecotypes with similar fruit typology. Genetic and morpho-agronomic characterization allowed us to distinguish five different group types of ‘Friariello’. Accessions showing two/three lobes at the blossom end of the fruit were found to be the most productive, whereas the genotypes showing one/two lobes at the blossom end were the most homogeneous. A total of 167 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were identified in the collection analysed. Moreover, of the 37 targeted VOCs, 29 showed significant differences in content among the pepper genotypes studied. Of such VOCs related to main flavours described for pepper in the literature, ten were found to be the major determinants of variability among the derived ‘Friariello’ groups. A slightly negative, albeit not significant, correlation was observed between ascorbic acid (AsA) content and agronomic traits, suggesting a better quality for less productive accessions, but also the possibility to improve yield without significantly reducing the AsA levels. The approach used allowed us to define how the different typologies can be used for different breeding purposes, integrating the peculiar properties in order to establish a desirable landrace ideotype. Furthermore, valuable sources for improving quality traits in pepper breeding were identified.

scholarly journals Doğal Floradan Toplanan Aktaş Yoncalarının (Melilotus alba Desr.) Bazı Kalite Özellikleri

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erdem Gülümser ◽  
Hanife Mut ◽  
Medine Çopur Doğrusöz ◽  
Uğur Başaran
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Sweet Clover ◽  
Forage Crop ◽  
Melilotus Alba ◽  
Natural Flora ◽  
Animal Feeding

In turkey, one of the most important problem of livestock’s production is insufficiency of quality forage crop, but still few forage species are cultivated. On the other hand, conservation of plant genetic resources has become an important problem in the world today. Indeed, biodiversity is an indispensable element of human life, especially food, and it is estimated that 20% of these resources will extinct by 2030. The aim of study was to determine some quality traits of white sweet clover (Melilotus alba Desr.) collected from natural flora of Bilecik province. In this study, plants were collected at the flowering stage and investigated of 17 genotypes. The determined quality traits of genotypes as fallows; crude protein, ADF, NDF, RFV, K, P, Mg, Ca and Ca/P, and these traits were noted as11.99-21.07%, 27.70-40.53%, 43.31-55.84%, 93.44-147.02, 1.300-2.807%, 0.187-0.310%, 0.127-0.350%, 0.490-1.417% and 2.05-5.92%, respectively. As a result of the study, it has been determined that the quality of the white sweet clover genotypes collected from Bilecik natural flora have been sufficient for animal feeding and have a significant potential for future breeding activities.

Maize silage and winter crop options to maximise drymatter and energy for NZ dairy systems

2006 ◽  
pp. 193-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.J. Densley ◽  
G.M. Austin ◽  
I.D. Williams ◽  
R. Tsimba ◽  
G.O. Edmeades
Keyword(s):  
Italian Ryegrass ◽  
Maize Silage ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Forage Crop ◽  
Maize Hybrid ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Feed Value ◽  
Winter Crop ◽  
Winter Crops ◽  
Silage Production

Trade-offs in dry matter (DM) and metabolisable energy (ME) between combinations of three maize silage hybrids varying in maturity from 100-113 CRM and six winter forage options were investigated in a Waikato farmer's field over 2 years. Winter crops were triticale, cut once; oats grazed 1-2 times; and Tama and Feast II Italian ryegrass, each cut or grazed 2-3 times. Greatest DM and ME production (38.9 t/ha; 396 GJ/ha) was from a 113 CRM hybrid followed by a single-cut triticale crop. The most economical sources of DM and ME were obtained from a 100 CRM maize hybrid plus grazed oats (11.8 c/ kg; 1.12 c/MJ), while the cheapest ME source among cut winter forages was a 113 CRM maize hybrid + triticale (1.18 c/MJ). Reliable annual silage production of 30 t DM/ha and 330 GJ ME/ha (or 3000 kg MS/ha) is possible using a late maturing maize hybrid combined with a winter forage crop such as triticale, although the low feed value of the triticale may limit its use as feed for milking cows. Keywords: Italian ryegrass, oats, maize silage, supplements, triticale, winter forage crops

Correlated response to selection for litter size in pigs: II. Carcass, meat, and fat quality traits

2002 ◽  
Vol 80 (10) ◽  
pp. 2566 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Estany ◽  
D. Villalba ◽  
M. Tor ◽  
D. Cubiló ◽  
J. L. Noguera
Keyword(s):  
Litter Size ◽  
Correlated Response ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Response To Selection ◽  
Fat Quality ◽  
Selection For

RESULTS OF COOPERATION BETWEEN BREEDERS OF DIFFERENT INSTITUTIONS IN CREATION OF NEW GENERATION APPLE TREE

1970 ◽  
pp. 46-49
Author(s):  
Е. N. Sedov ◽  
T. V. Yanchuk ◽  
S. А. Korneeva ◽  
L. I. Dutova ◽  
Е. V. Ulianovskaya
Keyword(s):  
Selection Process ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Joint Work ◽  
Crop Breeding ◽  
Scientific Center ◽  
The North ◽  
State Register ◽  
Russian Research Institute ◽  
Apple Cultivars ◽  
New Generation

The experience in cooperation of breeders of different institutions in creating cultivars is shown. It is not always when the breeding institution has the necessary initial forms for selection. In this regard, there is a need to conduct separate stages of selection in different breeding institutions. For this purpose, a provision on authorship and continuity in the integrated work of several institutions in fruit breeding has been developed (Program and methods of fruit, berry and nut crop breeding. Annex. – Orel, 1995. – pp. 492-498). Breeding work of the Russian Research Institute of Fruit Crop Breeding (VNIISPK) and North Caucasian Federal Scientific Center of Horticulture, Viticulture, Winemaking can serve as a positive experience of creating new apple cultivars by two institutions. As a result of the joint work of these two institutions, 22 apple cultivars have been created, of which 9 have already been included in the state register of breeding achievements approved for use (zoned), including three cultivars for the conditions of the Middle zone of Russia – Aleksandr Boiko, Maslovskoye and Yablochny Spas and six cultivars for the conditions of the North Caucasus – Vasilisa, Karmen, Margo, Orfey, Soyuz and Talisman. Brief economical and biological characteristics of these cultivars are given in this paper. The obtained practical results indicate that in some cases, when creating modern cultivars that meet the requirements of production, it is necessary to use the knowledge of breeders, the source material and equipment of different breeding institutions, and carry out separate stages of the selection process in different institutions.

Transcriptome analysis of muscle in order to identify genes which determine muscle characteristics and sensory quality traits of beef

2003 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Sudre ◽  
I Cassar-Malek ◽  
C Leroux ◽  
A Listrat ◽  
Y Ueda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcriptome Analysis ◽  
Sensory Quality ◽  
Quality Traits

Peculiarities of the juvenile period of the native Chechen genotypes of willow leaf pear (Pyrus salicifolia Pall.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 62 ◽  
pp. 32-38
Author(s):  
E. A. Dolmatov ◽  
R. B. Borzayev ◽  
A. N. Shaipov
Keyword(s):  
Chestnut Soil ◽  
Crop Breeding ◽  
Juvenile Period ◽  
Period 2 ◽  
Russian Research Institute ◽  
The Common ◽  
One Year ◽  
First Time ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Creative Cooperation

The results of the study of the duration of the juvenile period of indigenous Chechen willow leaf pear genotypes (Pyrus salicifolia Pall.) are given in connection with the acceleration of the breeding process and the use of selected forms in pear breeding for high precocity. The studies were carried out in 2016-2019 at OOO “Orchards of Chechnya” in accordance with the Agreement on creative cooperation with the Russian Research Institute of Fruit Crop Breeding. The work was carried out in accordance with generally accepted programs and methods. The objects of the study were one-year and two-year-old pear seedlings obtained from sowing seeds of selected dwarf and low-growing local Chechen forms of willow pear (P. salicifolia Pall.), laying fruit buds on annual growths and seedlings of Caucasian pear (P. caucasica Fed.), 20 500 pcs. of each specie. The aim of the research was to study the potential of precocity of willow pear seedlings and to reveal of selected forms with the greatest degree of this trait. Stratified seeds were sown in the sowing department of the OOO “Orchards of Chechnya” production nursery in April, 2017. The seedlings were grown according to the common technology in dryland conditions on the plot with chestnut soil. The first fl owering of plants was noted in the spring, 2019. As a result of the research, for the first time on a large number of the experimental material it was found that in the off spring of the indigenous Chechen willow leaf pear genotypes, the selection of a little more than 2% of seedlings with a very short juvenile period (2 years) was possible. They are of great interest in accelerating the breeding process and in the selection of new pear varieties with high precocity. 20 willow leaf pear genotypes were selected for the further use in breeding for high precocity and as sources of the trait of short juvenile period.

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