Design and Methods of Large-Scale RNA Interference Screens in Drosophila

2016 ◽  
pp. 163-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia Zhou ◽  
Chao Tong
Keyword(s):  
Rna Interference ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Design And Methods

scholarly journals A large-scale field trial to evaluate the efficacy of bacillus larvicides for controlling malaria in western Kenya: Study design and methods

2007 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 41-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noboru Minakawa ◽  
George Sonye ◽  
Kyoko Futami ◽  
Satoshi Kaneko ◽  
Emmanuel Mushinzimana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Study Design ◽  
Field Trial ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Western Kenya ◽  
Scale Field ◽  
Large Scale Field ◽  
Design And Methods

RNA interference in Caenorhabditis elegans: Uptake, mechanism, and regulation

Parasitology ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 139 (5) ◽  
pp. 560-573 ◽  
Author(s):  
JIMMY J. ZHUANG ◽  
CRAIG P. HUNTER
Keyword(s):  
Rna Interference ◽  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Uptake Mechanism ◽  
Delivery Methods ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Systemic Rnai ◽  
Powerful Research Tool

SUMMARYRNA interference (RNAi) is a powerful research tool that has enabled molecular insights into gene activity, pathway analysis, partial loss-of-function phenotypes, and large-scale genomic discovery of gene function. While RNAi works extremely well in the non-parasitic nematode C. elegans, it is also especially useful in organisms that lack facile genetic analysis. Extensive genetic analysis of the mechanisms, delivery and regulation of RNAi in C. elegans has provided mechanistic and phenomenological insights into why RNAi is so effective in this species. These insights are useful for the testing and development of RNAi in other nematodes, including parasitic nematodes where more effective RNAi would be extremely useful. Here, we review the current advances in C. elegans for RNA delivery methods, regulation of cell autonomous and systemic RNAi phenomena, and implications of enhanced RNAi mutants. These discussions, with a focus on mechanism and cross-species application, provide new perspectives for optimizing RNAi in other species.

scholarly journals Age Moderates Perceived COVID-19 Disruption on Well-Being

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy Knepple Carney ◽  
Allyson S Graf ◽  
Grace Hudson ◽  
Ellen Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Design And Methods

Abstract Background and Objectives It is not fully understood how large-scale events affect well-being. Older adults showed the highest levels of resilience following the September 11th (9/11) terrorist attacks, but during the severe acute respiratory syndrome outbreak, there were no age-related differences in well-being. The current study examined the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) disruption on well-being throughout adulthood. Research Design and Methods Perceived stress and affect were examined in 166 community-dwelling adults (Mage = 35.65; SD = 15.53; range = 18–79) in relation to the perceived disruption of the COVID-19 pandemic to their lives. Results A significant moderation was found for age and COVID-19 disruption on perceived stress [F(5, 153) = 8.88, p < .05, R2 = .22] and negative affect [F(5, 154) = 4.91, p < .05, R2 = .14], but not for positive affect. For participants over 50, those who rated COVID-19 as a low or high disruption had similar scores on stress and negative affect, but with younger aged participants, perceiving high disruption corresponded with higher levels of stress and negative affect. Discussion and Implications Findings are consistent with the strength and vulnerability integration (SAVI) model, wherein older adults try to maintain positive emotional well-being, with middle-aged and older adults in the current study having experienced less negative impact on well-being. Middle-aged and older adults may be better able to regulate negative emotions from COVID-19 than younger adults. SAVI proposes a greater negative impact on older adults when they experience sustained stressors; as the challenges with COVID-19 continue, further data will need to be examined.

scholarly journals Author Correction: A large-scale RNA interference screen identifies genes that regulate autophagy at different stages

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sujuan Guo ◽  
Kevin J. Pridham ◽  
Ching-Man Virbasius ◽  
Bin He ◽  
Liqing Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rna Interference ◽  
Large Scale

scholarly journals Candidate Biomarkers of Response to an Experimental Cancer Drug Identified through a Large-scale RNA Interference Genetic Screen

2009 ◽  
Vol 15 (18) ◽  
pp. 5811-5819 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jasper Mullenders ◽  
Wolfgang von der Saal ◽  
Miranda M.W. van Dongen ◽  
Ulrike Reiff ◽  
Rogier van Willigen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rna Interference ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Genetic Screen ◽  
Cancer Drug ◽  
Experimental Cancer

scholarly journals Functional Identification of Cancer-relevant Genes through Large-Scale RNA Interference Screens in Mammalian Cells

2004 ◽  
Vol 69 (0) ◽  
pp. 439-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.R. BRUMMELKAMP ◽  
K. BERNS ◽  
E.M. HIJMANS ◽  
J. MULLENDERS ◽  
A. FABIUS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rna Interference ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Functional Identification

scholarly journals Application of RNA Interference Technology to Acroporid Juvenile Corals

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ikuko Yuyama ◽  
Tomihiko Higuchi ◽  
Michio Hidaka
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Rna Interference ◽  
Stress Response ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Fluorescence Emission ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Green Fluorescent

Numerous genes involved in calcification, algal endosymbiosis, and the stress response have been identified in corals by large-scale gene expression analysis, but functional analysis of those genes is lacking. There are few experimental examples of gene expression manipulation in corals, such as gene knockdown by RNA interference (RNAi). The purpose of this study is to establish an RNAi method for coral juveniles. As a first trial, the genes encoding green fluorescent protein (GFP, an endogenous fluorophore expressed by corals) and thioredoxin (TRX, a stress response gene) were selected for knockdown. Synthesized double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) corresponding to GFP and TRX were transformed into planula larvae by lipofection method to attempt RNAi. Real-time PCR analysis to verify knockdown showed that GFP and TRX expression levels tended to decrease with each dsRNA treatment (not significant). In addition, stress exposure experiments following RNAi treatment revealed that planulae with TRX knockdown exhibited increased mortality at elevated temperatures. In GFP-knockdown corals, decreased GFP fluorescence was observed. However, the effect of GFP-knockdown was confirmed only in the coral at the initial stages of larval metamorphosis into polyps, but not in planulae and 1 month-old budding polyps. This study showed that lipofection RNAi can be applied to coral planulae and polyps after settlement, and that this method provides a useful tool to modify expression of genes involved in stress tolerance and fluorescence emission of the corals.

scholarly journals Why Research Design and Methods Is So Crucial to Understanding Drug Use/Abuse: Introduction to the Special Issue

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-154
Author(s):  
Lawrence M. Scheier
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Deductive Reasoning ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
The Public ◽  
Response Formats ◽  
New Thinking ◽  
Design And Methods ◽  
Health Agenda ◽  
Specific Challenge

The collection of articles in this special issue both raise the bar and inspire new thinking with regard to both design and methodology concerns that influence drug use/abuse research. Thematically speaking, the articles focus on issues related to missing data, response formats, strategies for data harmonization, propensity scoring methods as an alternative to randomized control trials, integrative data analysis, statistical corrections to reduce bias from attrition, challenges faced from conducting large-scale evaluations, and employing abductive theory of method as an alternative to the more traditional hypothetico-deductive reasoning. Collectively, these issues are of paramount importance as they provide specific means to improve our investigative tools and refine the logical framework we employ to examine the problem of drug use/abuse. Each of the authors addresses a specific challenge outlining how it affects our current research efforts and then outlines remedies that can advance the field. To their credit, they have included issues that affect both etiology and prevention, thus broadening our horizons as we learn more about developmental processes causally related to drug use/abuse and intervention strategies that can mitigate developmental vulnerability. This is the essential dialogue required to advance our intellectual tool kit and improve the research skills we bring to bear on the important questions facing the field of drug use/abuse. Ultimately, the goal is to increase our ability to identify the causes and consequences of drug use/abuse and find ways to ameliorate these problems as we engage the public health agenda.

scholarly journals GH deficiency in patients after cure of acromegaly by surgery alone

2011 ◽  
Vol 165 (6) ◽  
pp. 873-879 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shozo Yamada ◽  
Noriaki Fukuhara ◽  
Hiroshi Nishioka ◽  
Akira Takeshita ◽  
Hisanori Suzuki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Gh Deficiency ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Stimulation Test ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Japanese Adult ◽  
Preoperative Serum ◽  
Stimulation Tests ◽  
Design And Methods ◽  
Deficient Group

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to determine the frequency and characteristics of severe GH deficiency (sGHD) in patients after treatment of acromegaly by surgery alone.Design and methodsOne hundred and eighty-six patients fulfilling the criteria for cure of acromegaly were examined by GH-releasing peptide-2 stimulation test or arginine stimulation test as well as oral glucose tolerance test (GTT). In addition, the Japanese adult hypopituitarism questionnaire was completed to determine the quality of life (QoL).ResultssGHD was found in 17 patients (9.1%; the GH-deficient group), and not found in 169 patients (90.9%; the GH-sufficient group). There were no significant differences in preoperative serum GH levels, IGF1 levels, incidence of hyperprolactinemia, tumor volumes, or incidence of microadenoma between the two groups. Upon follow-up examination, IGF1 levels and Z-scores of IGF1 levels were significantly lower in the GH-deficient group than in the GH-sufficient group, whereas neither basal GH levels nor nadir GH levels during 75 g GTT were significantly different between the two groups. Moreover, sGHD patients had a substantially higher incidence of multiple pituitary failures (17.6 vs 2.4%) and dyslipidemia (60 vs 16.2%). sGHD patients had a substantially poorer condition-related QoL.ConclusionsThis is the first large-scale, single-center, clinical study to evaluate sGHD in patients after cure of acromegaly by surgery alone. This study found that sGHD occurred in ∼9% of patients and assessment of GHD by stimulation tests is critical after successful treatment of acromegaly by surgery.

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