Overview of Infectious Diseases of Concern to Dental Practitioners: Bacterial Infections

BackgroundEpidemiological studies in Kawasaki disease (KD) have suggested infectious aetiology. During the COVID-19 pandemic, measures for mitigating SARS-CoV-2 transmission also suppress the circulation of other contagious microorganisms. The primary objective is to compare the number and incidence of KD before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan, and the secondary objective is to investigate temporal association between the KD epidemiology and activities of SARS-CoV-2 and other viral and bacterial infections.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was conducted between 2016 and 2020 in Kobe, Japan. We collected information of hospitalised KD children in Kobe. Child population was identified through the resident registry system. Activity of COVID-19 and 11 other infectious diseases was derived from a public health monitoring system. Monthly change of KD incidence was analysed using a difference-in-difference regression model.ResultsThroughout the study period, 1027 KD children were identified. KD had begun to decline in April 2020, coinciding with the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. The number of KD cases (n=66) between April and December 2020 was 40% of the average in the same period in 2016–2019 (165/year). Annual KD incidence was 315, 300, 353, 347 and 188/100 000 children aged 0–4 years in 2016–2020, respectively. The difference-in-difference value of KD incidence was significantly reduced in the fourth quarter in 2020 (−15.8, 95% CI −28.0 to −3.5), compared with that in 2016–2019. Sentinel surveillance showed a marked decrease of all infectious diseases except exanthema subitum after the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. There were 86 COVID-19 cases aged <10 years and no KD children associated with COVID-19.ConclusionThis study showed that the number and incidence of KD was dramatically reduced during the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan. This change was temporally associated with decreased activities of various infectious diseases other than COVID-19, supporting the hypothesis of infection-triggered pathogenesis in KD.

Download Full-text

The role of PCSK9 in infectious diseases.

Current Medicinal Chemistry ◽

10.2174/0929867328666210714160343 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 28 ◽

Author(s):

Laura Magnasco ◽

Chiara Sepulcri ◽

Roberta Maria Antonello ◽

Stefano Di Bella ◽

Laura Labate ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Infectious Diseases ◽

Malaria Infection ◽

Bacterial Infections ◽

Viral Infections ◽

Physiological Role ◽

Protective Role ◽

Loss Of Function ◽

Pcsk9 Inhibition ◽

Sepsis And Septic Shock

Background: In recent years, many aspects of the physiological role of PCSK9 have been elucidated, particularly regarding its role in lipid metabolism, cardiovascular risk, and its role in innate immunity. Increasing evidence is available about the involvement of PCSK9 in the pathogenesis of viral infections, mainly HCV, and the regulation of host response to bacterial infections, primarily sepsis and septic shock. Moreover, the action of PCSK9 has been investigated as a crucial step in the pathogenesis of malaria infection and disease severity. Objective: This paper aims to review the available published literature on the role of PCSK9 in a wide array of infectious diseases. Conclusion: Besides the ongoing investigation on PCSK9 inhibition among HIV-infected patients to treat HIV- and ART-related hyperlipidemia, preclinical studies indicate how PCSK9 is involved in reducing the replication of HCV. Interestingly, high plasmatic PCSK9 levels have been described in patients with sepsis. Moreover, a protective role of PCSK9 inhibition has also been proposed against dengue and SARS-CoV-2 viral infections. Finally, a loss of function in the PCSK9-encoding gene has been reported to reduce malaria infection mortality.

Download Full-text

Antimicrobial Activity of Biosynthesized Silver Nanoparticles Compared to Standard Antibiotics Used in ORL Infections

Revista de Chimie ◽

10.37358/rc.19.7.7382 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 70 (7) ◽

pp. 2571-2573

Author(s):

Alina Andreea Tischer (Tucuina) ◽

Delia Berceanu Vaduva ◽

Nicolae Balica ◽

Alina Heghes ◽

Adelina Cheveresan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Silver Nanoparticles ◽

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Adverse Effects ◽

Infectious Diseases ◽

Broad Spectrum ◽

Bacterial Infections ◽

New Antibiotics ◽

Recorded Data

In recent years, bacterial infections in hospitals have grown particularly due to the development of antibiotic resistance. Recent research targets the discovery of new antibiotics that exhibit broad spectrum of action without adverse effects or minimizing adverse effects. In this study, the activity of biosynthesized silver nanoparticles against three bacteria commonly found in infectious diseases in the ORL sphere was evaluated. The recorded data revealed an activity comparable to that of the standard antibiotics used in these types of infections, with the observation that the activity of the nanoparticles could also be observed in the particular cases of antibiotic resistance.

Download Full-text

IMPACT OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES ON PUBERTAL TIMING IN UKRAINIAN GIRLS: RESULTS A MULTICENTER STUDY

Wiadomości Lekarskie ◽

10.36740/wlek202110106 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 74 (10) ◽

pp. 2392-2399

Author(s):

Aidyn G. Salmanov ◽

Orusia A. Kovalyshyn ◽

Roman S. Scoreiko ◽

Victor M. Zinchenko ◽

Serhiy M. Baksheev ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Infectious Diseases ◽

Bacterial Infections ◽

Viral Infections ◽

Age Of Onset ◽

Final Height ◽

Pubertal Development ◽

Age At Onset ◽

Peak Height ◽

Height Velocity ◽

Peak Height Velocity

The aim: To determine current age at the initiation of puberty for Ukrainian school-aged girls and infections impact to puberty. Materias and methods: We performed a multicentre cohort study. The analyses are based on data that were collected and evaluated biannually on Ukrainian school girls aged 6-17 years from 5 regions of Ukraine. Pubertal development was classified according to the Marshall and Tanner criteria. Results: Overall, 2,784 girls have been included in the study. Mean age of onset of puberty in Ukrainian girls was 10.1±1.0 yrs. Age of onset of pubic hair was 11.0±1.0 yrs and that of axillary hair was 11.6±1.0 yrs. Mean age in girls of menarche was 12.2±0.9 yrs. There were no significant correlations between age at onset of puberty and body mass index, final height, total peak height velocity, duration of puberty, and peak height velocity. A total of 2,420 infectious diseases were diagnosted. Of these, 64.8% were viral and 35.2% bacterial infections, respectively. Ukrainian girls with infectious diseases (especially viral infections) had older age at pubertal onset and positive association of infections in childhood with late age of menarche. Conclusions: Infectious morbidity (especially viral infections) in girls may be associated with later puberty. The lowering of the number of infections in childhood could be an additional factor that contributes to earlier puberty. To reduce infectious diseases, more attention should be paid to the vaccination of children.

Download Full-text

Infectious Diseases in Homeless Geriatrics Population: Part II: Bacterial Infections, Tuberculosis, and Arthropods Infestation

Homeless Older Populations ◽

10.1891/9780826170163.0008 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Roxana Aminbakhsh ◽

Therese Gibson ◽

Diane Chau ◽

Ashlyn Melvin ◽

Marilee Nebelsick-Tagg ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Infectious Diseases ◽

Bacterial Infections

Download Full-text

Bacterial Infecfions: Changes in Their Causative Agents—Trends and Possible Basis (Bayer—Symposium III), edited by M. Finland, W. Marget, and K. Bartmann. New York/Heidelberg/Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1971, 231 pp., $15.00

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.50.5.833 ◽

1972 ◽

Vol 50 (5) ◽

pp. 833-833

Author(s):

John D. Nelson

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

New York ◽

Great Britain ◽

Los Angeles ◽

Infectious Diseases ◽

Bacterial Infections ◽

The United States ◽

New Haven ◽

Causative Agents ◽

Changing Patterns

Almost two years ago a group of eminent international authorities in the field of infectious diseases gathered near Cologne, Germany, for a week of reflection and discussion concerning the changing patterns of bacterial infections in recent decades and the possible reasons for the changes. The United States was represented by Drs. M. Finland and E. H. Kass of Boston, F. Daschner of Los Angeles, and A. von Graevenitz of New Haven. Other scientists were from Germany, France, Sweden, Great Britain, Switzerland, and Denmark.

Download Full-text

Infections and Immunotherapy in Lung Cancer: A Bad Relationship?

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22010042 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

pp. 42

Author(s):

Lorenzo Belluomini ◽

Alberto Caldart ◽

Alice Avancini ◽

Alessandra Dodi ◽

Ilaria Trestini ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lung Cancer ◽

Infectious Diseases ◽

Cancer Patients ◽

Bacterial Infections ◽

Viral Infections ◽

Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽

Current Evidence ◽

Human Immune Deficiency Virus ◽

Prognostic Impact ◽

Lung Cancer Patients

Infectious diseases represent a relevant issue in lung cancer patients. Bacterial and viral infections might influence the patients’ prognosis, both directly affecting the immune system and indirectly impairing the outcome of anticancer treatments, mainly immunotherapy. In this analysis, we aimed to review the current evidence in order to clarify the complex correlation between infections and lung cancer. In detail, we mainly explored the potential impact on immunotherapy outcome/safety of (1) bacterial infections, with a detailed focus on antibiotics; and (2) viral infections, discriminating among (a) human immune-deficiency virus (HIV), (b) hepatitis B/C virus (HBV-HCV), and (c) Sars-Cov-2. A series of studies suggested the prognostic impact of antibiotic therapy administration, timing, and exposure ratio in patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors, probably through an antibiotic-related microbiota dysbiosis. Although cancer patients with HIV, HBV, and HCV were usually excluded from clinical trials evaluating immunotherapy, some retrospective and prospective trials performed in these patient subgroups reported similar results compared to those described in not-infected patients, with a favorable safety profile. Moreover, patients with thoracic cancers are particularly at risk of COVID-19 severe outcomes and mortality. Few reports speculated about the prognostic implications of anticancer therapy, including immunotherapy, in lung cancer patients with concomitant Sars-Cov-2 infection, showing, to date, inconsistent results. The correlation between infectious diseases and immunotherapy remains to be further explored and clarified in the context of dedicated trials. In clinical practice, the accurate and prompt multidisciplinary management of lung cancer patients with infections should be encouraged in order to select the best treatment options for these patients, avoiding unexpected toxicities, while maintaining the anticancer effect.

Download Full-text

Incidence and Clinical Relevance of Anaerobic Bacterial Infections in Patients with AIDS at an Infectious Diseases Institute

Clinical Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/clinids/20.supplement_2.s212 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 20 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. S212-S213 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Olga Coronado ◽

Antonio Mastroianni ◽

Roberto Manfredi ◽

Anna Nanetti ◽

Francesco Chiodo

Keyword(s):

Infectious Diseases ◽

Clinical Relevance ◽

Bacterial Infections

Download Full-text

Treatment: infectious diseases

10.1093/med/9780199688418.003.0015_update_001 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

David A. Warrell ◽

Matthew Dryden ◽

Alastair Miller ◽

Clare Morgan ◽

David A. Warrell

Keyword(s):

Infectious Diseases ◽

Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽

Bacterial Infections ◽

Viral Infections ◽

Emerging Infections ◽

Sexually Transmitted

Introduction: infectious diseases - Viral infections - Bacterial infections - Malaria - Other protozoal infections - Filarial worms - Worm infections - Flukes - Emerging infections - Sexually transmitted infections

Download Full-text

Limitations of Recent Studies Dealing with the Antibacterial Properties of Silver Nanoparticles: Fact and Opinion

Nanomaterials ◽

10.3390/nano9121775 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (12) ◽

pp. 1775 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Raphaël E. Duval ◽

Jimmy Gouyau ◽

Emmanuel Lamouroux

Keyword(s):

Silver Nanoparticles ◽

Infectious Diseases ◽

Metallic Nanoparticles ◽

Bacterial Infections ◽

Antibacterial Agents ◽

Therapeutic Option ◽

Antibacterial Properties ◽

Antimicrobial Activities ◽

Synthetic Process ◽

Great Heterogeneity

Due to the constant increase in the number of infectious diseases and the concomitant lack of treatment available, metallic nanoparticles (e.g., silver nanoparticles) have been of particular interest in the last decades. Indeed, several studies suggest that silver nanoparticles have valuable antimicrobial activities, especially against bacteria, which may lead us to think that these nanoparticles may one day be an attractive therapeutic option for the treatment of bacterial infections. Unfortunately, when we look a little closer to these studies, we can see a very great heterogeneity (e.g., in the study design, in the synthetic process of nanoparticles, in the methods that explore the antibacterial properties of nanoparticles and in the bacteria chosen) making cross-interpretation between these studies impossible, and significantly limiting the interest of silver nanoparticles as promising antibacterial agents. We have selected forty-nine international publications published since 2015, and propose to discuss, not the results obtained, but precisely the different methodologies developed in these publications. Through this discussion, we highlighted the aspects to improve, or at least to homogenize, in order to definitively establish the interest of silver nanoparticles as valuable antibacterial agents.

Download Full-text