The Impact of Road Transport on the Environment

2020 ◽  
pp. 251-309
Author(s):  
Jozef Gnap ◽  
Branislav Šarkan ◽  
Vladimír Konečný ◽  
Tomáš Skrúcaný
Keyword(s):  
Road Transport ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Assessment of Spatiotemporal Peak Shift of Intra-Urban Transportation Taking a Case in Bangkok, Thailand

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 6777
Author(s):  
Masanobu Kii ◽  
Yuki Goda ◽  
Varameth Vichiensan ◽  
Hiroyuki Miyazaki ◽  
Rolf Moeckel
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Travel Time ◽  
Demand Management ◽  
Likelihood Estimation ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Peak Shift ◽  
Time Shift ◽  
Peak Time ◽  
Management Scenarios ◽  
The Impact

Reducing congestion has been one of the critical targets of transportation policies, particularly in cities in developing countries suffering severe and chronic traffic congestions. Several traditional measures have been in place but seem not very successful. This paper applies the agent-based transportation model MATSim for a transportation analysis in Bangkok to assess the impact of spatiotemporal transportation demand management measures. We collect required data for the simulation from various data sources and apply maximum likelihood estimation with the limited data available. We investigate two demand management scenarios, peak time shift, and decentralization. As a result, we found that these spatiotemporal peak shift measures are effective for road transport to alleviate congestion and reduce travel time. However, the effect of those measures on public transport is not uniform but depends on the users’ circumstances. On average, the simulated results indicate that those measures increase the average travel time and distance. These results suggest that demand management policies require considerations of more detailed conditions to improve usability. The study also confirms that microsimulation can be a tool for transport demand management assessment in developing countries.

scholarly journals Modular Approach to Ultra-fast Charging Stations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carola Leone ◽  
Michela Longo
Keyword(s):  
Impact Analysis ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Modular Approach ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Charging Infrastructure ◽  
Charging Station ◽  
Fast Charging ◽  
Modular Architectures ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Fast Charging Station

AbstractRoad transport electrification is essential for meeting the European Union's goals of decarbonization and climate change. In this context, an Ultra-Fast Charging (UFC) system is deemed necessary to facilitate the massive penetration of Electric Vehicles (EVs) on the market; particularly as medium-long distance travels are concerned. Anyway, an ultra-fast charging infrastructure represents the most critical point as regards hardware technology, grid-related issues, and financial sustainability. Thus far, this paper presents an impact analysis of a fast-charging station on the grid in terms of power consumption, obtained by the Monte Carlo simulation. Simulation results show that it is not economical convenient size the assumed ultra-fast charging station for the maximum possible power also considering its high impact on the grid. In view of the results obtained from the impact analysis, the last part of the paper focuses on finding a method to reduce the power installed for the DC/DC stage while keeping the possibility for the electric vehicle to charge at their maximum power. To achieve this goal a modular approach is proposed. Finally, two different modular architectures are presented and compared. In both the solutions, the probability of having EVs charging at limited power is less than 5%.

scholarly journals A Comparative Analysis of the Government and NGOs in Delivering Quality Services for the Rural People of Pakistan: Community Perspectives

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 203-225
Author(s):  
Mohsin Khan ◽  
Jetnor Kasmi ◽  
Abdul Saboor ◽  
Iftikhar Ali
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Service Delivery ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Public Health Education ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Extension Services ◽  
Rural People ◽  
Basic Services ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

Often the government and the non-governmental organisations (NGOs) are criticised for their poor performances in delivering services particularly in rural areas. However, there has been limited research on the assessment of their relative performances in service delivery as well as on the perceptions of people on the quality of such service delivery. This study examines the relative performances of NGOs and the governmental development interventions that provide basic services including public health, education, drinking water and sanitation. The study explains the impact of agricultural extension services and infrastructure such as access to roads and markets on the rural people and measures the satisfaction level of the rural community. For this purpose, 225 households (HHs) in 8 villages of Phalia Tehsil, district Mandi Bahauddin, Punjab, Pakistan were first surveyed in 2010 and then in 2014 using a structured questionnaire. The findings reveal different satisfaction levels of HHs, with most of them expressing less satisfaction on government service delivery compared with NGOs. They reveal satisfaction over the performance of NGOs in health, drinking water supplies and agriculture extension services. Further, the study shows an increasing satisfaction of people on access to road, transport, agri-market and price of agri-commodities by the government.

scholarly journals The Impact of Financial and Non-Financial Work Incentives on the Safety Behavior of Heavy Truck Drivers

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 2759
Author(s):  
Sebastjan Škerlič ◽  
Vanja Erčulj
Keyword(s):  
Financial Incentives ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Truck Drivers ◽  
Driving Ability ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Safety Behavior ◽  
The Impact

The goal of the research is to determine how compensation affects the safety behavior of truck drivers and consequently the frequency of traffic accidents. For this purpose, a survey was conducted on a sample of 220 truck drivers in international road transport in the EU, where the results of the Structural Equation Model (SEM) show that in the current state of the transport sector, financial and non-financial incentives have a positive impact on the work and safety behavior of drivers. Financial incentives also have an impact on drivers’ increased perception of their driving ability, while moving violations continue to have a major impact on the number of accidents. The proposed improvements enable decision-makers at the highest level to adopt legal solutions to help manage the issues that have been affecting the industry from a work, social and safety point of view for the past several years. The results of the research therefore represent an important guideline for improvements to the legislature as well as in the systematization of truck driver compensation within companies.

scholarly journals Safety and reliability of the personal bus carriages in integrated municipal system of traffic and public transport management - analysis of literature

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (12) ◽  
pp. 246-251
Author(s):  
Paweł Woś ◽  
Jacek Michalski
Keyword(s):  
Public Transport ◽  
Road Safety ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Road Accidents ◽  
Safety And Reliability ◽  
Key Indicators ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City ◽  
The Eu

The article analyzes the city's logistics development strategies and its public transport, especially bus traffic. Statistical analysis of all road transport in the European Union (EU) has been carried out. The most important reasons for the tragic road accidents in Poland have been mixed up. Key elements of active safety and passive safety of buses and road safety were analyzed. Characterized key indicators of road safety in the EU and the probability of bus incidents. The impact on the ecology of the city of road transport was analyzed in terms of the significance of exhaust emissions of various bus designs and emissions of other pollutants.

scholarly journals City Logistics and Air Quality

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-29
Author(s):  
Radovan Slávik ◽  
◽  
Dominika Beňová ◽  
Jozef Gnap ◽  
Ondrej Stopka
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Slovak Republic ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
City Logistics ◽  
Harmful Emissions ◽  
The Impact

The paper focuses on the impact of city logistics on air quality. The first chapter focuses on the EU's transport policy for 2030-2050 to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The second chapter focuses on air quality in the Slovak Republic and the amount of greenhouse gases in the air. The aim of the contribution is to highlight the impact of road transport on air quality and air pollution as well as the need to reduce these harmful emissions.

scholarly journals Assessing the impact of road transport infrastructure investment on economic development in South Africa

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anathi Hlotywa ◽  
Emeka A. Ndaguba
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Development Theory ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Endogenous Growth Theory ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Reserve Bank ◽  
The Impact

Background: There has been considerable decline in the investment on road transport infrastructure in recent times, as a result of the dwindling economic investment owing to lowering gross domestic product (GDP) since 2009.Objective: The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between road transport investment (ROTI) and economic development (ED) in South Africa. This article adopts the Harrod–Domar (HD) model of economic growth and development theory, endogenous growth theory and Solow–Swan neoclassical growth model.Method: Data were derived from the South African Reserve Bank, Quantec database and Statistics South Africa (StatsSA) between 1990 and 2014. It used time series, econometric models cointegration and vector error correction model (VECM) to analyse.Result: The results of the estimation demonstrate that the explanatory variables account for approximately 86.7% variation in ED in South Africa. Therefore, there exists a positive relationship between ROTI and ED.Conclusion: This study established a long-run relationship between phenomena and demonstrates the role of road transport investment on economic development in South Africa.

scholarly journals Factors Influencing CO2 Emissions and Strategies for Emissions Reduction in Malaysian Transportation Sector

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.35) ◽  
pp. 823 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mustapa S.I ◽  
Bekhet H.A
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Fuel Efficiency ◽  
Policy Instruments ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Road Transportation ◽  
Fuel Price ◽  
Transport Services ◽  
Transportation Sector ◽  
The Impact

The rapid urbanisation and economic growth has led to unprecedented increase in CO2 emissions, which led to a vital global issue due partly to the rise in demand from the transport sector. In the years ahead, the transport services demand is likely to increase further, which lead to intensification in CO2 emissions as well. The transportation sector in Malaysia contributes for about 28% of total CO2 emissions, of which 85% of it goes to road transportation mode. This has led to a great interest in how the CO2 emissions in this sector can effectively be reduced. Using a multiple regression model and datasets from 1990 to 2015, this study aimed to examine factors that influence the CO2 emissions in Malaysia. Key factors of CO2 emissions, i.e., fuel consumption (FC), distance travel (DT), fuel efficiency (FE), and fuel price (FP) were investigated for the road transport sector. The findings demonstrated that the impact of factors on CO2 emissions were varies in each technology vehicles. These findings not only contributes to enhancing the current literature, but also provide insights for policy maker in Malaysia to design policy instruments for road transport sector.

scholarly journals The Impact of Pre-Slaughter Stress on Beef Eating Quality

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 612 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate M.W. Loudon ◽  
Garth Tarr ◽  
Ian J. Lean ◽  
Rod Polkinghorne ◽  
Peter McGilchrist ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Stress ◽  
Rest Period ◽  
Biceps Femoris ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Eating Quality ◽  
Sensory Score ◽  
Muscle Groups ◽  
Enzyme Markers ◽  
Mixed Groups ◽  
The Impact

The study evaluated the relationship between pre-slaughter stress, plasma biomarkers and consumer-evaluated eating quality of pasture raised beef cattle (n = 488). The design tested steer only, heifer only and mixed sex cattle with a comparison of direct kill versus a 14 day rest period in abattoir holding paddocks prior to slaughter. Experiment One sourced cattle from four farms and tested shipping and road transport. Experiment Two sourced cattle from four farms and tested a commercial saleyard pathway. The impact on treatment on untrained consumer eating quality scores were tested on five muscle groups, m. psoas major, m. longissimus dorsi lumborum, m. biceps femoris, m. semitendinosis, and m. infraspinatus. Across all muscles, a two-week rest period had the biggest improvement in sensory score. Mixed groups scored lower in the outside muscle than non-mixed groups. However, the mixing response was inconsistent in the eye round muscle and not significant in the other muscles. Plasma glucose and L-lactate indicated a marked acute stress response at slaughter with a small detrimental impact on consumer score. The muscle damage enzyme markers creatine kinase (CK) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were strongly associated with a lower meat quality score (MQ4). Neither β-hydroxybutyrate (βHB) nor non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) were associated with MQ4, suggesting that fat mobilisation does not impact consumer sensory score.

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