Comparing Inequalities in the Labour Market from a Segmentation Perspective

AbstractThe purpose of this chapter is to carry out a comparative analysis of labour markets in Europe and Latin America from the perspective of segmentation in order to explain the processes of social inequality that arise in the workplace, in light of recent trends in global socio-economic changes. The chapter proposes two main objectives. The first is to perform a comparative descriptive analysis of the main features of labour markets among 60 European and Latin American countries. The second objective is to propose a model of comparative analysis of labour inequality from the theoretical perspective of the segmentation of the labour market and structural heterogeneity. We will focus our analysis by selecting two countries, Spain and Argentina, which both underwent a late development of capitalism. The following general hypothesis is formulated: Spain and Argentina, having clearly differentiated features in economic structure, level of development, institutional frameworks and socio-historical processes, show common dynamics in the structuring of the capitalist labour market between a primary and secondary segment. Using equivalent databases on the workforce a typology of segmentation of employment is constructed that show, in addition to the specificities of each country, the similarities in the structuring of the labour market.

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Beyond differences? Determinants of inequality among European young people in university

Student Lives in Crisis ◽

10.1332/policypress/9781447318231.003.0004 ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

Lorenza Antonucci

Keyword(s):

Young People ◽

Labour Market ◽

Descriptive Analysis ◽

Student Support ◽

Labour Markets ◽

Family Resources

This chapter will show how, in spite of the different systems in place, students across Europe face increasingly similar challenges, such as the existence of precarious labour markets and the over-reliance on family resources. The chapter, firstly, discusses how the systems of student support illustrated in the previous chapter increase the existing inequalities depending on: the stratifying effects of debt; the generosity of the support provided; and the inclusiveness of student support. Secondly, it illustrates how relying on family resources can increase inequality among young people in university. Thirdly, it discusses which groups of young people are more dependent on labour-market sources while in university. This part will draw on the findings of a descriptive analysis of the microdata of the Eurostudent dataset from England, Italy and Sweden.

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Australia and New Zealand Labour Markets: Some Similarities and Differences

Labour Employment and Work in New Zealand ◽

10.26686/lew.v0i0.1645 ◽

1970 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

James Newell ◽

Paul Callister

Keyword(s):

New Zealand ◽

Labour Market ◽

Labour Force ◽

Labour Markets ◽

Common Framework ◽

Occupational Patterns ◽

Recent Trends ◽

Similarities And Differences ◽

Employment Of Women ◽

The Comparative Study

There is much media attention given to New Zealand workers migrating to Australia. Less attention has been given to directly comparing the two labour markets. We use Australian and New Zealand census and labour force survey data to build a 2006/2008 centred comparison of labour market attributes and recent trends in both countries. Key areas considered include: how did the restructuring of the New Zealand economy in the 1980s/early 1990s affect the relative rates of prime-aged male employment in New Zealand as compared to Australia; has there been the same growth in employment of women on both sides of the Tasman: how does the liming of retirement by Australians compare with that of New Zealand residents; how similar are our overall occupational patterns; are young New Zealand born tradespeople proportionately more concentrated in the Australian workforce than in New Zealand; is the occupational structure of Auslralia resident Maori similar to that of other Australian resident; and how does the balance of extended metropolitan and other labour market catchment types compare? A 2006 Australasian comparative labour market geography developed using the Coombes algorithm as implemented by Newel/ and Papps 2001 is introduced as a common framework for the comparative study of Australia and New Zealand subnational labour markets.

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Long-term Resilient Labour Strategies to Deal with the Economic Crisis in Europe Using Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA)

Fronteiras Journal of Social Technological and Environmental Science ◽

10.21664/2238-8869.2021v10i3.p9-23 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 9-23

Author(s):

Sandra Martínez-Molina ◽

Paula Sabater Pavía ◽

Jorge Garcés Ferrer

Keyword(s):

Comparative Analysis ◽

Labour Market ◽

Economic Crisis ◽

Economic Activity ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Qualitative Comparative Analysis ◽

Temporary Employment ◽

Labour Markets ◽

European Economies

The crisis has had a negative impact on both European economies and labour markets with different effects among countries, raising the importance of analysing the labour market resilience. This paper seeks to identify which strategies and labour adjustments have led European labour markets to both resilient and non-resilient results by using Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA). The findings show two different configurations explaining 57% of the resilient cases and four configurations explaining 74% of the non-resilient cases. The results of this study revealed three important issues. First of all, the same strategy was found to have different results on labour markets. This fact stressed that the context in which different measures are imposed is a decisive factor in their success. Secondly, resilient strategies underlined the importance of “flexibility”, by increasing temporary employment together with other conditions to escape from the crisis. Finally, the non-resilient results stress the importance of the imbalance between the flexicurity dimensions and the effect of the fall in economic activity on not being resilient in the long-term.

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New forms of intra-European migration, labour market dynamics and social inequality in Europe

MIGRATION LETTERS ◽

10.33182/ml.v11i2.234 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 125-136 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

Roland Verwiebe ◽

Laura Wiesböck ◽

Roland Teitzer

Keyword(s):

Labour Market ◽

Social Inequality ◽

Social Stratification ◽

Labour Markets ◽

Second Step ◽

Market Dynamics ◽

Migration Patterns ◽

European Continent ◽

The Past ◽

European Migration

This article deals mainly with new forms of Intra-European migration, processes of integration and inequality, and the dynamics of emerging transnational labour markets in Europe. We discuss these issues against the background of fundamental changes which have been taking place on the European continent over the past two decades. Drawing on available comparative European data, we examine, in a first step, whether the changes in intra-European migration patterns have been accompanied by a differentiation of the causes of migration. In a second step, we discuss the extent to which new forms of transnational labour markets have been emerging within Europe and their effects on systems of social stratification.

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The Role of Migration in the Formation of Regional Labour Markets Amidst the Second Wave of Depopulation in Modern Russia

Voprosy statistiki ◽

10.34023/2313-6383-2020-27-6-26-36 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 27 (6) ◽

pp. 26-36

Author(s):

A. V. Topilin ◽

A. S. Maksimova

Keyword(s):

Labour Market ◽

Oil And Gas ◽

Labour Markets ◽

Labour Migration ◽

Sample Surveys ◽

Balance Sheets ◽

Permanent Migration ◽

Regional Labour Markets ◽

The Impact

The article reflects the results of a study of the impact of migration on regional labour markets amidst a decline in the working-age population in Russia. After substantiating the relevance of the issues under consideration, the authors propose a methodological analysis toolkit, the author’s own methodology for calculating the coefficients of permanent long-term external and internal labour migration in regional labour markets, and the coefficient of total migration burden. In addition, the authors provide an overview of the information and statistical base of the study. According to current migration records, data of Rosstat sample surveys on Russian labour migrants leaving for employment in other regions, regional labour resources balance sheets based on the calculated coefficients of labour market pressures, the authors analyzed the impact of migration on the Russian regional labour markets over the past decade. It revealed an increasing role of internal labour migration in many regions, primarily in the largest economic agglomerations and oil and gas territories. At the same time, the role of external labour migration remains stable and minimum indicators of the contribution of permanent migration to the formation of regional labour markets continue to decrease. It has been established that irrational counter flows of external and internal labour migration have developed, which indicates not only an imbalance in labour demand and supply but also a discrepancy between the qualitative composition of migrants and the needs of the economy. It is concluded that the state does not effectively regulate certain types of migration, considering its impact on the labour market. The authors justified the need for conducting regular household sample surveys according to specific programs to collect information about labour migrants and the conditions for using their labour. In addition to the current migration records, using interregional analysis, this information allows making more informed decisions at the federal and regional levels to correct the negative situation that has developed in the regional labour markets even before the coronavirus pandemic had struck.

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Impact of Globalisation on Pandemics: A comparative study on SARS and Covid-19 (Preprint)

10.2196/preprints.21853 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Johann Johann And Devika

Keyword(s):

Comparative Analysis ◽

Comparative Study ◽

Descriptive Analysis ◽

Qualitative Comparative Analysis ◽

Global Scale ◽

Global Level ◽

Economic Stability ◽

The Past ◽

The World ◽

Close Relationship

BACKGROUND Since November 2019, Covid - 19 has spread across the globe costing people their lives and countries their economic stability. The world has become more interconnected over the past few decades owing to globalisation and such pandemics as the Covid -19 are cons of that. This paper attempts to gain deeper understanding into the correlation between globalisation and pandemics. It is a descriptive analysis on how one of the factors that was responsible for the spread of this virus on a global scale is globalisation. OBJECTIVE - To understand the close relationship that globalisation and pandemics share. - To understand the scale of the spread of viruses on a global scale though a comparison between SARS and Covid -19. - To understand the sale of globalisation present during SARS and Covid - 19. METHODS A descriptive qualitative comparative analysis was used throughout this research. RESULTS Globalisation does play a significant role in the spread of pandemics on a global level. CONCLUSIONS - SARS and Covid - 19 were varied in terms of severity and spread. - The scale of globalisation was different during the time of SARS and Covid - 19. - Globalisation can be the reason for the faster spread in Pandemics.

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Skilled Migrants in the Swedish Labour Market: An Analysis of Employment, Income and Occupational Status

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13063428 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (6) ◽

pp. 3428

Author(s):

Nahikari Irastorza ◽

Pieter Bevelander

Keyword(s):

Labour Market ◽

Descriptive Analysis ◽

Occupational Status ◽

Division Of Labour ◽

Skilled Immigrants ◽

Highly Educated ◽

Highly Skilled Migrants ◽

Highly Skilled ◽

Integration Of Immigrants ◽

Employment Rates

In a globalised world with an increasing division of labour, the competition for highly skilled individuals—regardless of their origin—is growing, as is the value of such individuals for national economies. Yet the majority of studies analysing the economic integration of immigrants shows that those who are highly skilled also have substantial hurdles to overcome: their employment rates and salaries are lower and they face a higher education-to-occupation mismatch compared to highly skilled natives. This paper contributes to the paucity of studies on the employment patterns of highly skilled immigrants to Sweden by providing an overview of the socio-demographic characteristics, labour-market participation and occupational mobility of highly educated migrants in Sweden. Based on a statistical analysis of register data, we compare their employment rates, salaries and occupational skill level and mobility to those of immigrants with lower education and with natives. The descriptive analysis of the data shows that, while highly skilled immigrants perform better than those with a lower educational level, they never catch up with their native counterparts. Our regression analyses confirm these patterns for highly skilled migrants. Furthermore, we find that reasons for migration matter for highly skilled migrants’ employment outcomes, with labour migrants having better employment rates, income and qualification-matched employment than family reunion migrants and refugees.

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Labour market disadvantage or poor health upon arrival? An examination of the native–immigrant gap in early retirement on a disability pension

Acta Sociologica ◽

10.1177/00016993211022801 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 000169932110228

Author(s):

Jeevitha Yogachandiran Qvist ◽

Hans-Peter Y Qvist

Keyword(s):

Labour Market ◽

Disability Pension ◽

Early Retirement ◽

Labour Markets ◽

Poor Health ◽

Health Differences ◽

A Minor ◽

Efficiency And Productivity ◽

Advanced Capitalist

Non-Western immigrants in Scandinavia have a higher risk of early retirement on a disability pension than natives, but the reasons are unclear. One theory is that increased demands for standardization, efficiency and productivity in advanced capitalist labour markets, such as the Scandinavian market, cause expulsion of the weakest and least qualified individuals from the labour market, including a disproportionate share of non-Western immigrants. Another theory is that non-Western immigrants already have poorer health than natives upon arrival in Scandinavia. This article examines the extent to which the native–immigrant gap in early retirement on a disability pension is explained by non-Western immigrants’ disadvantaged position in the labour market when pre-existing health differences are controlled for. To this end, we draw on Danish register data, including all disability pensions granted in 2003–2012 to natives and non-Western immigrants who arrived in Denmark in 1998. Our results suggest that a minor proportion of the native–immigrant gap in disability pensions is explained by non-Western immigrants’ health upon arrival, whereas the vast majority of the gap is explained by non-Western immigrants’ disadvantaged position in the labour market.

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