Wearable Devices and COVID-19: State of the Art, Framework, and Challenges

2021 ◽  
pp. 157-180
Author(s):  
Rajalakshmi Krishnamurthi ◽  
Dhanalekshmi Gopinathan ◽  
Adarsh Kumar
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Wearable Devices

scholarly journals Communication Failure Resilient Distributed Neural Network for Edge Devices

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (14) ◽  
pp. 1614
Author(s):  
Jonghun Jeong ◽  
Jong Sung Park ◽  
Hoeseok Yang
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Neural Networks ◽  
High Performance ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Wearable Devices ◽  
Communication Failure ◽  
Canadian Institute ◽  
Multiple Devices ◽  
Knowledge Distillation ◽  
Partitioning Technique

Recently, the necessity to run high-performance neural networks (NN) is increasing even in resource-constrained embedded systems such as wearable devices. However, due to the high computational and memory requirements of the NN applications, it is typically infeasible to execute them on a single device. Instead, it has been proposed to run a single NN application cooperatively on top of multiple devices, a so-called distributed neural network. In the distributed neural network, workloads of a single big NN application are distributed over multiple tiny devices. While the computation overhead could effectively be alleviated by this approach, the existing distributed NN techniques, such as MoDNN, still suffer from large traffics between the devices and vulnerability to communication failures. In order to get rid of such big communication overheads, a knowledge distillation based distributed NN, called Network of Neural Networks (NoNN), was proposed, which partitions the filters in the final convolutional layer of the original NN into multiple independent subsets and derives smaller NNs out of each subset. However, NoNN also has limitations in that the partitioning result may be unbalanced and it considerably compromises the correlation between filters in the original NN, which may result in an unacceptable accuracy degradation in case of communication failure. In this paper, in order to overcome these issues, we propose to enhance the partitioning strategy of NoNN in two aspects. First, we enhance the redundancy of the filters that are used to derive multiple smaller NNs by means of averaging to increase the immunity of the distributed NN to communication failure. Second, we propose a novel partitioning technique, modified from Eigenvector-based partitioning, to preserve the correlation between filters as much as possible while keeping the consistent number of filters distributed to each device. Throughout extensive experiments with the CIFAR-100 (Canadian Institute For Advanced Research-100) dataset, it has been observed that the proposed approach maintains high inference accuracy (over 70%, 1.53× improvement over the state-of-the-art approach), on average, even when a half of eight devices in a distributed NN fail to deliver their partial inference results.

Wearable Technologies for Helping Human Thermophysiological Comfort

2018 ◽  
pp. 203-231
Author(s):  
Radostina A. Angelova
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Wearable Devices ◽  
The State ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cold Environment ◽  
Human Comfort ◽  
Wearable Technologies ◽  
Thermoregulatory System ◽  
Intelligent Clothing

The thermophysiological comfort is one of the aspects of the human comfort. It is related to the thermoregulatory system of the body and its reactions to the temperature of the surrounding air, activity and clothing. The aim of the chapter is to present the state of the art in the wearable technologies for helping the human thermophysiological comfort. The basic processes of body's thermoregulatory system, the role of the hypothalamus, the reactions of the body in hot and cold environment, together with the related injuries, are described. In the second part of the chapter smart and intelligent clothing, textiles and accessories are presented together with wearable devices for body's heating/cooling.

EM-FEE: An Efficient Multitask Scheme for Facial Expression Estimation

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 142-152
Author(s):  
Bin Yang ◽  
Zhenyu Li ◽  
Yingtao Sun ◽  
Enguo Cao
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Facial Expression ◽  
Storage Capacity ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Wearable Devices ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Crucial Problem ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Smart Wearable

Abstract Human–computer interaction (HCI) has received growing interest in both academic research and the design of information technological applications. Automated facial expression estimation of image is a difficult, yet crucial, problem in the design of HCI system. Although artificial neural network has achieved many remarkable results, few smart wearable devices can benefit from it. Most of these devices are constrained by limited computing and storage capacity. An effective solution is to allow servers to handle multiple tasks simultaneously. Toward this goal, we have been building an Efficient multitask scheme for facial expression estimation (EM-FEE). A multitask neural network is designed to enable the HCI system to accomplish different related tasks at the same time, that is, locating the user’s facial landmarks and estimating facial expressions. Experimental results demonstrate that our proposed scheme outperforms state-of-the-art. Finally, we review the remaining challenges and corresponding opportunities as well as future directions of the design of facial expression estimation systems for smart wearable devices.

Superhydrophobic and Anti-corrosion Strain Sensor for Robust Underwater Applications

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ziyi Dai ◽  
Sen Ding ◽  
Ming Lei ◽  
Shunbo Li ◽  
Yi Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Strain Sensor ◽  
Wearable Devices ◽  
Strain Sensors ◽  
The Future ◽  
Diverse Application ◽  
Intelligent Community

Exploration of wearable strain sensors for diverse application scenarios is one global mainstream for shaping the future of our intelligent community. However, state-of-the-art wearable devices still face the challenges such...

scholarly journals Smart Interconnected Infrastructures for Security and Protection: The DESMOS Project

Computers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 116
Author(s):  
Michail Feidakis ◽  
Christos Chatzigeorgiou ◽  
Christina Karamperi ◽  
Lazaros Giannakos ◽  
Vasileios-Rafail Xefteris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
User Interface ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Wearable Devices ◽  
Design Approach ◽  
Privacy And Security ◽  
Novel Ecosystem ◽  
Semantic Reasoning ◽  
Security And Protection ◽  
Data Anonymization ◽  
Secure Environment

This paper presents “DESMOS”, a novel ecosystem for the interconnection of smart infrastructures, mobile and wearable devices, and applications, to provide a secure environment for visitors and tourists. The presented solution brings together state-of-the-art IoT technologies, crowdsourcing, localization through BLE, and semantic reasoning, following a privacy and security-by-design approach to ensure data anonymization and protection. Despite the COVID-19 pandemic, the solution was tested, validated, and evaluated via two pilots in almost real settings—involving a fewer density of people than planned—in Trikala, Thessaly, Greece. The results and findings support that the presented solutions can provide successful emergency reporting, crowdsourcing, and localization via BLE. However, these results also prompt for improvements in the user interface expressiveness, the application’s effectiveness and accuracy, as well as evaluation in real, overcrowded conditions. The main contribution of this paper is to report on the progress made and to showcase how all these technological solutions can be integrated and applied in realistic and practical scenarios, for the safety and privacy of visitors and tourists.

scholarly journals Fatigue Monitoring Through Wearables: A State-of-the-Art Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neusa R. Adão Martins ◽  
Simon Annaheim ◽  
Christina M. Spengler ◽  
René M. Rossi
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Binary Classification ◽  
Model Development ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Wearable Devices ◽  
Supervised Machine Learning ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Physiological Variables ◽  
Fatigue Monitoring

The objective measurement of fatigue is of critical relevance in areas such as occupational health and safety as fatigue impairs cognitive and motor performance, thus reducing productivity and increasing the risk of injury. Wearable systems represent highly promising solutions for fatigue monitoring as they enable continuous, long-term monitoring of biomedical signals in unattended settings, with the required comfort and non-intrusiveness. This is a p rerequisite for the development of accurate models for fatigue monitoring in real-time. However, monitoring fatigue through wearable devices imposes unique challenges. To provide an overview of the current state-of-the-art in monitoring variables associated with fatigue via wearables and to detect potential gaps and pitfalls in current knowledge, a systematic review was performed. The Scopus and PubMed databases were searched for articles published in English since 2015, having the terms “fatigue,” “drowsiness,” “vigilance,” or “alertness” in the title, and proposing wearable device-based systems for non-invasive fatigue quantification. Of the 612 retrieved articles, 60 satisfied the inclusion criteria. Included studies were mainly of short duration and conducted in laboratory settings. In general, researchers developed fatigue models based on motion (MOT), electroencephalogram (EEG), photoplethysmogram (PPG), electrocardiogram (ECG), galvanic skin response (GSR), electromyogram (EMG), skin temperature (Tsk), eye movement (EYE), and respiratory (RES) data acquired by wearable devices available in the market. Supervised machine learning models, and more specifically, binary classification models, are predominant among the proposed fatigue quantification approaches. These models were considered to perform very well in detecting fatigue, however, little effort was made to ensure the use of high-quality data during model development. Together, the findings of this review reveal that methodological limitations have hindered the generalizability and real-world applicability of most of the proposed fatigue models. Considerably more work is needed to fully explore the potential of wearables for fatigue quantification as well as to better understand the relationship between fatigue and changes in physiological variables.

scholarly journals Parkinson's disease and wearable devices, new perspectives for a public health issue: an integrative literature review

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (11) ◽  
pp. 1413-1420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Bastos Godoi ◽  
Gabriel Donato Amorim ◽  
Daniel Gonçalves Quiroga ◽  
Vanessa Milanesi Holanda ◽  
Thiago Júlio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Wearable Devices ◽  
Integrative Review ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Scientific Article ◽  
Aged 80 And Over ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

SUMMARY Parkinson's disease is the second most common neurodegenerative disease, with an estimated prevalence of 41/100,000 individuals affected aged between 40 and 49 years old and 1,900/100,000 aged 80 and over. Based on the essentiality of ascertaining which wearable devices have clinical literary evidence and with the purpose of analyzing the information revealed by such technologies, we conducted this scientific article of integrative review. It is an integrative review, whose main objective is to carry out a summary of the state of the art of wearable devices used in patients with Parkinson's disease. After the review, we retrieved 8 papers. Of the selected articles, only 3 were not systematic reviews; one was a series of cases and two prospective longitudinal studies. These technologies have a very rich field of application; however, research is still necessary to make such evaluations reliable and crucial to the well-being of these patients.

Practical Picture Processing

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 338-339
Author(s):  
T. A. Welton
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Damage ◽  
Coherence Length ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Coherent Radiation ◽  
The State ◽  
Energy Spread ◽  
Electron Micrograph ◽  
Picture Processing ◽  
Molecular Skeleton

Various authors have emphasized the spatial information resident in an electron micrograph taken with adequately coherent radiation. In view of the completion of at least one such instrument, this opportunity is taken to summarize the state of the art of processing such micrographs. We use the usual symbols for the aberration coefficients, and supplement these with £ and 6 for the transverse coherence length and the fractional energy spread respectively. He also assume a weak, biologically interesting sample, with principal interest lying in the molecular skeleton remaining after obvious hydrogen loss and other radiation damage has occurred.

A Macintosh Interface for the Cameca Camebax-Micro Electron Microprobe

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 438-439
Author(s):  
Carl E. Henderson
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microprobe ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Word Processing ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Computer Control ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Disk Storage ◽  
The Past ◽  
User Facility ◽  
Instrument Control

Over the past few years it has become apparent in our multi-user facility that the computer system and software supplied in 1985 with our CAMECA CAMEBAX-MICRO electron microprobe analyzer has the greatest potential for improvement and updating of any component of the instrument. While the standard CAMECA software running on a DEC PDP-11/23+ computer under the RSX-11M operating system can perform almost any task required of the instrument, the commands are not always intuitive and can be difficult to remember for the casual user (of which our laboratory has many). Given the widespread and growing use of other microcomputers (such as PC’s and Macintoshes) by users of the microprobe, the PDP has become the “oddball” and has also fallen behind the state-of-the-art in terms of processing speed and disk storage capabilities. Upgrade paths within products available from DEC are considered to be too expensive for the benefits received. After using a Macintosh for other tasks in the laboratory, such as instrument use and billing records, word processing, and graphics display, its unique and “friendly” user interface suggested an easier-to-use system for computer control of the electron microprobe automation. Specifically a Macintosh IIx was chosen for its capacity for third-party add-on cards used in instrument control.

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