scholarly journals The Mathematical Training of Teachers from the Point of View of Education

Author(s):  
Erich Christian Wittmann

AbstractThe paper describes an approach to integrating the mathematical and educational components in teacher training which is based on elaborating educational and psychological aspects inherent in “good mathematics”.

2019 ◽  
Vol 200 ◽  
pp. 01016
Author(s):  
Michael Waltemathe ◽  
Elke Hemminger

In a preliminary empirical study of social-science and humanities students enrolled in teacher-training programs at two German universities, the authors have found a disparaging view of technology and science among said students. Their material knowledge of technology and science is the result of content they learned in high-school themselves. After having graduated, they chose social-sciences or humanities as their subjects. There is little or no overlap between science and engineering subjects and social-science and humanities subjects in teacher training programs. Apart from the students choices, this is also the consequence of an institutionally established and strict segregation of the academic fields that does not, unlike in other university systems, require the students to enroll in at least basic interdisciplinary courses. The result for science and technology awareness among the students is problematic, to say the least. While their knowledge of science and technology -being the product of high-school education - is often not up to date and also lacking in current developments, their moral and ethical judgement about the implications of scientific research and use of technology is strong. The preliminary study also showed that the students are interested in new technological and scientific developments, they just lack the ability to include this into their worldview, which is very strongly influenced by their choice of subjects in the humanities and social-sciences. Teaching these students has convinced the authors that their lack of technology and science knowledge combined with their inherent tendency to judge science and technology from the point of view of their respective field, impairs their ability to take an adequate part in science and technology discourse. Their awareness, and thus, their competence to rationally engage with science and technology is lacking. That is in part due to the depiction of science and technology in humanities and social-science courses, and on the other hand due to a lack of current science and technology education as part of a humanities and social-sciences program. The result becomes even more alarming if we assume that the future teachers will continue to relay their heavily biased opinions on science and technology in general, as well as their deficient knowledge of specific technologies to their future students, thus generating a vicious cycle of inadequate technology and science awareness. As the authors’ study has shown, these students are really interested in science and technology, they just lack key competencies to make an analytical connec- tion between their field of choice (humanities and social sciences) and technology and science, without resorting to moral and ethical judgement.


2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 209-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Encarna Soto Gómez ◽  
María J. Serván Núñez ◽  
Angel I Pérez Gómez ◽  
Noemi Peña Trapero

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to show, from a theoretical point of view, the promising relationship between the processes generated by Lesson Studies (LS) and the development of practical thinking in in-service teacher training, derived from two pieces of research. Design/methodology/approach – The authors propose broadening the focus of LS in order to not only improve the “lesson” or “teaching” – in short, practice – but also to reconstruct and improve the practical knowledge of teachers. The core issue of the paper is the discussion about the relationship between the practical knowledge, the knowledge that every teacher uses in his or her daily practice, theories-in-use, mostly unconscious, and the conscious and explicit knowledge, practical thinking, explicit theory, they use to describe and justify their practice. Findings – Knowing our practical knowledge intuitive Gestalt, and building a new conscious and informed way of thinking is not enough, we need to build through systematic new practice a new way of doing, a new way of perceiving, interpreting, taking decisions and acting, coherent with our new theories. LS reinforces these two complementary movements: the practical theorizing movement, the reflexion on action to discover the implicit believes, habits, attitudes and emotions underlying the practice, and the experimentation of the new theory to form the new habits, beliefs, attitudes and emotions that support the development of a new form of teaching. This second movement needs more time and adequate teaching context, confirming the long spiral cycle of LS. Originality/value – With emphasis on the dialectical relationship between practical theorizing and the experimentation of theory, this paper could set out a new approach for LSs as a method of teacher training which can improve practice through the reconstruction of the practical thinking of those involved.


Author(s):  
Enrique Cerezo Herrero ◽  
Rosario García-Bellido

The Valencian region is a Spanish autonomous community with a long-standing tradition in bilingual education. However, as opposed to some other Spanish regions, attention towards the linguistic education system from the point of view of research has been scarce. On this basis, the present investigation seeks to analyze the plurilingual education system of the Valencian region currently in force from the perspective of trainee teachers. To this end, a study has been conducted with three focus groups. The narrative produced by the participants has been analyzed taking into consideration four major dimensions, namely plurilingual programs, teacher training, methodology, and resources and materials. In this analysis, the main idea underlying each dimension has been identified and then the information has been synthesized in flow charts that broadly represent the information conveyed by the groups. The results obtained evince a lack of initial and continuous teacher training in plurilingual issues, a reality which translates into a low level of linguistic competence and methodological lacunae, as well as a lack of tailored-made teaching materials. There is thus an urgent need to revisit major aspects of the plurilingual programs and bring about certain changes that could contribute to their improvement and consolidation.


Retos ◽  
2015 ◽  
pp. 33-36
Author(s):  
Inmaculada García Sánchez ◽  
Raquel Pérez Ordás ◽  
África Calvo Lluch

La danza como manifestación rítmico-expresiva presenta amplias posibilidades para la formación del alumnado desde un punto de vista integrador (plano físico, intelectual y emocional). Sin embargo, la utilización de este contenido en el contexto de la educación física actual sigue siendo escaso y puntual. El desconocimiento de las aportaciones de la danza al desarrollo integral de la persona, la consideración eminentemente femenina de esta actividad y/o la falta de formación del profesorado, son algunas de las razones que podrían justificar el desaprovechamiento de la danza como agente educativo de la expresión corporal. Con respecto a la falta de formación del profesorado, este trabajo tiene el propósito de responder a una serie de interrogantes relacionados con el cómo enseñar danzas: ¿qué métodos pedagógicos son los más adecuados? ¿cualquier tipo de danza es idónea para trabajar en el aula? ¿cómo utilizar correctamente los elementos básicos del ritmo en las diferentes propuestas danzadas?.Palabra clave: Educación Física. Expresión Corporal. Danza.Abstract: Dance as a rhythmic-expressive content presents ample opportunities for the training of students from an inclusive point of view (level of physical, intellectual and emotional). However, the use of this content or treatment in the context of physical education is limited or ad hoc. The ignorance of the contributions of dance to develop the whole person, considering this activity mainly women and/or lack of teacher training are some of the reasons that might justify the waste of dance as an educational agent of body expression. With regard to the lack of teacher training, the work presented below is intended to answer a series of questions related to how to teach dance: what methodology is appropriate?, any kind of dance is suitable to work in the classroom?, how to properly use the basic elements of rhythm in the proposals danced?.Key words: Physical Education. Body Expression. Dance.


2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-68
Author(s):  
Xhevdet Thaqi ◽  
Ana Isabel Rodríguez Valladares ◽  
Ekrem Aljimi

Changes in today society and in the development of technology demand a greater interest in mathematical knowledge in education and didactic research on professional work. Recent research seems to confirm that mathematics is still under-worked. This is the starting point from which the interest in studying the mathematical knowledge is necessary for the professional development of perspective primary school mathematics teachers arises. The study of mathematics curricula for the training of prospective teachers in different universities and their historical evolution will provide those with necessary criteria to organize, formulate, and develop the mathematical content of this didactic point of view and to establish the diagnosis of the systematic and the subsequent intervention in the teacher training institutions. According to the recommendations of the researches and other scientific events, the basic concepts and properties of mathematics should be included in the curricula of study programs for primary school teacher training.


1994 ◽  
Vol 112 (2) ◽  
pp. 548-550
Author(s):  
Flávio Henrique Mendes ◽  
Silvia Regina Ferreira Mendes ◽  
José Marcos Mélega

Breast reconstruction has been affirmed as part of the treatment for locally advanced breast tumor, and the development of new techniques has been providing better results and widening surgical indications. The objective of this work was to establish and discuss the different criteria that are related to this indication, mainly in what refers to the timing for the procedure. Oncological, clinical and psychological aspects are evaluated according to experience accumulated in recent years, with immediate and delayed reconstruction, carried out in the most diverse specialized centers. The authors conclude that, in reference to the safety and benefits of immediate reconstruction, it would be indicated for any patient who wants it and presents favorable clinical and psychological conditions, without having any absolut contraindication from the oncological point of view.


2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 94-110
Author(s):  
Veronika Pekarova ◽  
Lenka Kolcunova ◽  
Estera Koverova ◽  
Eva Rajcaniova ◽  
Robert Tomsik ◽  
...  

The presented research was focused on the opinions of students on verbal feedback which they received during the distance form of education implemented in the school year 2019/2020 as a reaction to the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of the research was to find out how students perceive verbal feedback in comparison with other forms of assessment and to examine its psychological aspects with regard to the primary school grade and gender. The research involved 309 primary school students who were administered the questionnaire developed by the authors of the study. Students in the first grade of primary school showed a greater interest in verbal feedback, which was also associated with higher efficiency, motivation, positive emotions, and perceived it as fairer and more important, compared to students in the second grade, who tended more towards the classification. How the students liked the verbal feedback was related to whether they liked going to school and also to what emotions the verbal feedback evoked in them. At the same time, the positive emotions associated with verbal feedback were also related to the degree of its effectiveness. In general verbal feedback was perceived positively and caused positive emotions.


PARADIGMA ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 107-129
Author(s):  
Vicenç Font ◽  
Luis R. Pino-Fan ◽  
Adriana Breda

Se explica la evolución de una agenda de investigación que se inició con el artículo “Objetos, prácticas y ostensivos asociados. El caso de la cisoide”, publicado el 2001, donde se pretendía mostrar la ingenuidad del punto de vista que consideraba a las representaciones ostensivas de los objetos matemáticos simplemente como diferentes significantes de objetos a-históricos y también se ponía énfasis en la importancia que tenía, para la Didáctica de la Matemáticas, problematizar la visión platónica sobre los objetos matemáticos. Para ello, se tomó como contexto de reflexión la evolución de las diferentes representaciones de la cisoide. El objetivo del artículo tenía aspectos en común con los principios asumidos por el Enfoque Ontosemiótico, por esta razón, el primer autor se fue interesando en la agenda de investigación que proponía dicho enfoque, en particular en cómo conceptualizar, desde una perspectiva pragmatista, el papel de las representaciones, y participó activamente en dar una respuesta, que no fuese platónica, a una de las preguntas que ha sido el motor de desarrollo del Enfoque Ontosemiótico: ¿qué es un objeto matemático y cuál es su significado en una determinada institución? La respuesta a esta pregunta iba de la mano con otro aspecto: la importancia para la Didáctica de la Matemáticas de tener en cuenta la complejidad de los objetos matemáticos, lo cual llevó a los tres autores de este trabajo a investigar sobre la complejidad de diferentes objetos matemáticos, así como sobre la comprensión que tienen los estudiantes de dicha complejidad. En este artículo, además de explicar el camino recorrido que se acaba de comentar, se explica cómo se ha incorporado la idea de “tener en cuenta la complejidad del objeto matemático a enseñar” en algunas experiencias de formación de profesores, donde han participado los autores.Palabras clave: Objeto Matemático. Complejidad del Objeto Matemático. Idoneidad Didáctica. Enfoque Ontosemiótico.  Uma evolução da visão sobre a complexidade dos objetos matemáticosResumoExplica-se a evolução de um processo de pesquisa iniciado com o artigo "Objetos, práticas ostensivas associadas. O caso do cissoide”, publicado em 2001, pretendia-se mostrar a ingenuidade do ponto de vista que considerava as representações ostensivas de objetos matemáticos simplesmente como diferentes significantes de objetos a-históricos, além de enfatizar a importância que eles tinham, para a Didática da Matemática, de problematizar a visão platônica de objetos matemáticos. Para isso, tomou-se como contexto de reflexão, a evolução das diferentes representações do cissoide, cujo objetivo apresentava aspectos em comum com os princípios assumidos pela Abordagem Ontossemiótica. Por essa razão, o primeiro autor foi interessando-se no processo de pesquisa que propunha dita abordagem, em particular em como conceituar, a partir de uma perspectiva pragmatista, o papel das representações, e participou ativamente em dar uma resposta, que não fosse platônica, a uma das perguntas que foi o motor de desenvolvimento da Abordagem Ontossemiótica: o que é um objeto matemático e qual o seu significado em uma determinada instituição? A resposta a esta pergunta vai ao encontro de outro aspecto: a importância para a Didática da Matemática de se ter em conta a complexidade dos objetos matemáticos, o qual levou aos três autores de este trabalho a investigar sobre a complexidade de diferentes objetos matemáticos, assim como sobre a compreensão de dita complexidade apresentadas pelos estudantes e professores. Neste artigo, além de mostrar o caminho percorrido que se acaba de comentar, explica-se como se incorporou a ideia de “ter em conta a complexidade do objeto matemático a ensinar” em algumas experiências de formação de professores, onde participaram os três autores.  Palavras-chave: Objeto Matemático. Complexidade do Objeto Matemático. Adequação didática. Abordagem Ontossemiótica. An evolution of the point of view on the complexity of mathematical objectsAbstractThis work explains the evolution of a research agenda that began with the article “Objects, practices and associated ostensive. The cissoids case”, published in 2001, which was intended to show the ingenuity of the view that regarded the ostensive representations of mathematical objects simply as different signifiers of objects ahistorical and emphasis is also placed on the importance he had, for the Didactics of Mathematics, problematize the Platonic vision of mathematical objects. For this, the evolution of the different representations of the cissoid was taken as a context of reflection. The objective of the article had aspects in common with the principles assumed by the Ontosemiotic Approach, for this reason, the first author became interested in the research agenda that said approach proposed, particularly in how to conceptualize, from a pragmatist perspective, the role of the representations, and actively participated in giving a non-Platonic answer to one of the questions that has been the driving force behind the development of the Ontosemiotic Approach: what is a mathematical object and what is its meaning in a particular institution? The answer to this question is going to meet another aspect: the importance for didactics of mathematics to take into account the complexity of mathematical objects, which led to the three authors of this work to investigate the complexity of different mathematical objects, as well how about the understanding of this complexity presented by students and teachers. In this article, in addition to showing what has just been said, it explains how the idea of “taking into account the complexity of the mathematical object to be taught” was incorporated in some teacher training experiences, where the three authors participated.Keywords: Mathematical Object. Complexity of the Mathematical Object. Didactic suitability. Ontosemiotic Approach.


2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 73-75
Author(s):  
О. Мельникова ◽  
O. Melnikova

<p>Professional hygiene and prevention for children is considered  to be one of the most simple procedures from the point of view of patient’s comfort and one of the most challenging from the point of view of parents motivation. In this article the author views methods and means for quality improvement of prevention procedure, time-saving, traumatism reduction, and psychological aspects from the point of view of a child and parents.</p>


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