scholarly journals Funeral Reforms in Taiwan: Insights on Change from a Discourse Analytic Perspective

2021 ◽  
pp. 257-276
Author(s):  
Urs Weber
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Global Pattern ◽  
Religious Rituals ◽  
The World ◽  
State And Local ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Land Saving

AbstractThis chapter examines how Taiwan’s written media justified the state’s introduction of funeral reforms in the second half of the twentieth century. Situating this case study within the broader sociopolitical context of contemporary Taiwan, it illustrates how discourse analysis can be used as a tool for studying change. The state-led reforms induced changes in a field in which religious rituals play an important role, as state authorities operated with priorities differing from ritual practice. Instead, they were concerned with measures for land saving and popularized practices such as cremation or natural burials. The discourse analysis reveals that the justifications brought forward for reforms appeared with a high degree of consistency starting from the late 1970s in Taiwanese press articles. Following Michel Foucault’s understanding of discursive formations, four sub-formations can be distinguished, which all have in common that they are aimed at problematizing ritual practices prevalent at funerals. These sub-formations consisted of considerations concerning the quantitative limits of available cemetery land for graves, arguments referring to the economic advantages of cremation, articulations of the ideal of green cemeteries designed in a park-like fashion, and a critique of geomancy in labeling it superstitious. The discursive voices emerging in the sub-formations were state and local authorities, as well as experts and journalists commenting on reform measures. These priorities and justifications for reforms appeared to be incompatible with religious funeral rituals and are analyzed as changes in terms of a secularization process of Taiwan’s funerary practice. An important finding is that the secular reform measures were, to a large extent, inspired by similar reforms in other regions in the world, and are as such part of a global pattern.

“We must unite now or perish!”

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 252-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Nartey
Keyword(s):  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Critical Discourse Analysis ◽  
Critical Discourse ◽  
Historical Approach ◽  
Discursive Strategies ◽  
Kwame Nkrumah ◽  
Pan African ◽  
The World ◽  
Discourse Historical Approach

Abstract This paper presents a discourse-mythological analysis of the rhetoric of a pioneering Pan-African and Ghana’s independence leader, Kwame Nkrumah, drawing on Ruth Wodak’s discourse-historical approach to critical discourse analysis. The thesis of the paper is that Nkrumah’s discourse, in its focus on the emancipation and unification of Africa, can be characterized as mythic, a discursive exhortation of Africa to demonstrate to the world that it can better govern itself than the colonizers. In this vein, the paper analyzes four discursive strategies employed by Nkrumah in the creation and projection of his mythology: the introduction or creation of new discourse events, presupposition and implication, involvement (the use of indexicals) and lexical structuring and reiteration. This study is, therefore, presented as a case study of mythic discourse within the domain of politics.

The Growth and Dissolution of a Large-Scale Business Enterprise

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon Boyce
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Financial Structure ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Business Enterprise ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Family ◽  
The World

This book is an in-depth case study of the Furness Withy and Co Shipping Group, which operated both tramp and liner services and was one of the five major British shipping groups of the early twentieth century. It demonstrates how British shipowners of this period generated success by exploring Christopher Furness’ career in relation to the social, political, and cultural currents during a time of tremendous shipping growth in Britain and the establishment of some of the largest shipping firms in the world. It approaches the study from three angles. The first analyses how the Furness Group expanded its shipping activities and became involved with the industrial sector. The second illustrates the organisational and financial structure of the enterprise. Finally, the Group’s leadership and entrepreneurship is scrutinised and placed within the wider context of twentieth century British business. The case study begins in 1870, with an introduction explaining how Christopher Furness came to join the family company, Thomas Furness and Co. in order develop services, expand, and instigate the changes and mergers that brought the Furness Group into existence. There are thirteen chronologically presented chapters, a bibliography, and seven appendices of data including an ownership timeline, tonnage statistics, acquisitions, a list of maritime associates, and a timeline of Christopher Furness’ life. The book concludes in 1919 with the de-merging of the Furness Group’s shipping and industrial holdings, the resignation of the Furness family from the company’s board, the sale of their shares, and the move into managing the firm’s industrial interests.

The tamṣīr of Epic Theatre: A Case-Study of Alfred Faraǧ

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Daniela Potenza
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
Bertolt Brecht ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Local Context ◽  
Left Wing ◽  
The World ◽  
The Sixties ◽  
Epic Theatre

Abstract Bertolt Brecht is generally regarded as the most influential and politically engaged left-wing playwright of the Twentieth century. Traces of his theory and practice are to be found around the world, including in the works of important Egyptian playwrights of the sixties such as Yūsuf Idrīs, Naǧīb Surūr and Alfred Faraǧ. Brecht’s work and ideas did permeate the theory and practice of the three Egyptian playwrights, though even if they all shared a commitment to social issues, critics agree that the Egyptians ignored the philosophical essence of Brecht’s devices or did not have a clear ideological grounding – thus concluding that their understanding of Brecht was partial. Through a study of epic aspects of Alfred Faraǧ’s theatre, this article aims instead to highlight the transformations operated by the playwright to mould epic theatre to fit his own ideology, his aesthetic and the local context in the logic of tamṣīr (Egyptianisation).

Pronominal borrowing among the Maya

Diachronica ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 214-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danny Law
Keyword(s):  
Language Contact ◽  
Linguistic Features ◽  
Mayan Languages ◽  
Central Concern ◽  
Pronominal Reference ◽  
Degree Of Convergence ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
High Degree

A central concern in the study of language contact phenomena is the question of what linguistic features are more or less likely to be borrowed, and why. Pronominal borrowing, at least the direct borrowing of the phonological forms, is often ranked among the least common outcomes of language contact. This paper presents an extended case study of contact-induced changes in the system of person markers in several Mayan languages over nearly two thousand years of intense linguistic contact. The contact phenomena discussed appear to include the direct borrowing of pronominal ‘matter’, as well as the diffusion of structural and semantic ‘patterns’ that have led to a high degree of convergence in the overall system of pronominal reference in these languages. Possible social and linguistic motivations for the unusual contact-induced changes are considered.

scholarly journals HISTORIOGRAPHY OF GLOBALIZATION IN RUSSIAN AND FOREIGHN SCIENCE

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-116
Author(s):  
V.V. Vasilyeva
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Single Market ◽  
Historical Figures ◽  
The World ◽  
Material Goods ◽  
Universal Values ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
High Degree

There are a lot of works devoted to the phenomenon of globalization. The presented work examines various theories of globalization processes, both foreign and domestic scientists, from the perspective of various methodological trends and schools. The article considers the key works of the most important authors in the conceptual plan. The idea of common unity was one of the foundations of the ideology of various religious and secular leaders of all times and peoples. Many legendary historical figures had the desire to unite humanity. Solving practical problems: expanding power to new territories, acquiring material goods, they were aware that the unified world should correspond to the unity of perception of the world - either on the basis of law, religion or ideology. The idea of globalization has been widely known since the nineteenth century. Such ideas were based on the fact that the humanity of the planet actually has a common habitat, a single nature and a single goal. Scientific works devoted directly to the analysis of globalization as a phenomenon appeared at the end of the twentieth century and are characterized by a high degree of interdisciplinarity due to the need to describe the phenomenon from different points of view. The concept of "globalization" is extremely wide and has many meanings, it is used to denote the formation of a single market space, the homogenization of the world, the adherence to universal values and the universalization of culture.

scholarly journals Un Zaibatsu Fuera de Lugar: Los Orígenes Del Grupo Fierro (1870–1939)

2009 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 499-532 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena San Román
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Family Business ◽  
Family Firms ◽  
Financial History ◽  
Industrial Activity ◽  
Spanish Family ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Franco Dictatorship

ABSTRACTThis work focuses on the origins of the Fierro Group. Ildefonso Fierro (1882–1961) was one of the most prominent businessmen of Franco's regime. Fierro's case study presents two features that distinguish it from other Spanish family firms founded in the first half of the twentieth century: its high degree of diversifcation and its peculiar financial history. Prior to the commencement of the Franco dictatorship, Fierro had managed to form a diversifed family business and had bought a bank to finance his industrial activity. This article analyzes how he achieved this and compares his path with that of the Japanese Zaibatsu.

scholarly journals A 3D REWORKING OF THE URBAN TRANSFORMATIONS OF PALERMO IN RECENT HISTORY FOR A HYPOTHESIS OF A "CITY MUSEUM" BASED ON DIGITAL VISUALIZATIONS

2021 ◽  
Vol VIII-M-1-2021 ◽  
pp. 81-87
Author(s):  
G. M. Girgenti ◽  
A. Alessio
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Photographic Images ◽  
The World ◽  
Urban Transformations ◽  
Geometric Techniques ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The City ◽  
Illustrative Material

Abstract. The objective that drives this research is given by a multitude of information which, in addition to the contribution of technology, allows us to study, analyze, verify and remodel the sites, monuments and evolutions of the city through graphic processes of perspective restitution that start from the analysis of historical photos. The drawing methods, the digital graphic rendering and through the aid of geometric techniques, contribute to the reconstruction of projects and architectures that are now lost, this is possible thanks to the methods of perspective, axonometry and three-dimensional restitution.This remarkable photographic heritage belonging to Palermo, but also to any other city in the world that is sometimes not even considered in the least or that is even forgotten in archives today finds new life thanks to the perspective restitution. Shooting and photographic images following particular studies, allow us to precisely establish the observation points and the dimensions of architectures that have now disappeared, giving them new life through the transposition and reconstruction of the same within a “memory archive three-dimensional”.In order to describe the transformations of the city, both urban and architectural, we have taken as a case study an architecture that has now been lost in the city of Palermo: villa Rutelli. It was a neo-Gothic villa, built in the first twenty years of the twentieth century on the axis of Via Libertà and demolished in the 1960s along with other buildings of the Palermitan Liberty during the years of the infamous "sack of Palermo". Through the iconographic and archival research at the CRICD and the Bronzetti fund (photographer) and with the aid of research and cataloging studies, illustrative material emerged which was useful for reworking the particularities of the model through the perspective restitution.

scholarly journals Arabic Literature of Travelogue in Nigeria: A Case Study of Ishaq Ayyub Baba-Oye’s Poems

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-97
Author(s):  
JamiuSaadullah Abdulkareem
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Arabic Literature ◽  
Economic Values ◽  
Literary Works ◽  
Societal Development

The art of travelogue is one of the Arabic literary trends in Nigeria, as scholars admired it since the twentieth century by writing poetry or prose, due to its aim at imparting the knowledge of geographical descriptions, historic facts and societal development in the readers and documenting the scholars’ experiences from various travels which could be for the acquisition of ascetic, cultural, diplomatic and socio-economic values, The main objectives of the study were to determine the extent at which the selected literary works of Is-haq Ayyub Baba-Oye, as a case study, met the requirements of the art of travelogue with contents analysis. The selected poet, is considered as one of the admirers of the art of travelogue, as proven by his two literary works on travels to Ngala-Maiduguri of Nigeria and Cairo of Egypt Republic. The methodology adopted is both historical and descriptive. It is historical by presenting the background of the art of travelogue in the Nigerian Arabic literature, then identification of scholars involved, followed by the biography of the poet. It is descriptive, as contents of selected works were unveiled while discourse analysis of the artistic and critical features was handled with formative and thematic measures. It was noticed that the author did the justice to the genre to his best capability, therefore, the work is recommended for readers for the benefits of the contents and embellishments.

Success and Failure

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morten Hammerborg
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Careful Consideration ◽  
World War One ◽  
The Third ◽  
The World ◽  
Final Segment ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
The 1960S

The final section explores the successes and failures of twentieth-century Norwegian shipping, in attempt to determine why maritime businesses failed; to pinpoint turbulence in the industry; and to examine success alongside failure to better understand how new opportunities arose out of each. It is split into four sections; the first explores the differing approaches to shipping during the World War One boom in Haugesund, southwest Norway, through the case studies of two brothers who owned shipping companies - one that thrived and one that failed - and determines that their choices were limited and the fates of each firm difficult to overturn. The second is a case study of four shipping businesses that failed during the 1970s and the reasons for their failure, which, despite the market depression, was mostly due to internal decision-making and poor governance. The third is a quantitative analysis of company sizes between the 1960s and 1970s which, through a careful consideration of statistics, determines that larger companies were far more likely than small to survive the economic crisis. The final segment explores the growth of the deep-sea car-carrying business between 1960 and 2008, and finds that specialised tonnage and the successful transformation of shipping services in the twentieth century could keep maritime businesses afloat.

scholarly journals MARGINAL VOICES IN ALICE WALKERS STRONG HORSE TEA

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (07) ◽  
pp. 910-912
Author(s):  
Ghansham S. Baviskar ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Democratic Values ◽  
Religious Rituals ◽  
Oppressed People ◽  
The People ◽  
The World

The dominant forces, the torchbearers of civilizations in America, have always silenced marginal voices.Thereligious books have always been the instrumental foundationsfor the whites to retaindominance across the world. Ruthlesswhites like the Aryansdefeated the nativesand enslaved them in their trap. They enforced slavery and imbibed the superstitious notions and outdated religious rituals that never allowed the oppressed to question its authorityon the base of reason and science. In the twentieth century, the emergence of revolutions and the movements for the human rights of the African Americans forced the imperialists to accept democratic values, implement, and administer them in the countries. Under the influence of the dominant oppressive forces, thewhiteskept the downtrodden and oppressed people ignorant about it. The pains and problems of the people did not end with the abolition of slavery and untouchability in both the countries but continuedhorribly in racist, classist, and sexist society. The vintages of slavery resulted from the race and caste are still on display in the slums.The humble dwellers in the slumsstruggle never ending problems caused by the elite dominated industrialism and capitalism in the metropolitan citieswhere there is hardly any room and scope for their growth and emancipation. Alice Walkers Strong Horse Tea voicesthe margins who were rejected and dejected for ages. This paper is an attempt to throw light on the margins within the margins and voice the miserable livesof the oppressed, those who struggle against the oppressionandare silenced meticulously by the hypocritical ruthless masters.

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