Effect of Crosslinking Agent and Chitosan Molecular Weight on the Mechanical Properties of Chitosan-Treated Cotton Fabric

2021 ◽  
pp. 273-281
Author(s):  
Luu Thi Tho ◽  
Vu Thi Hong Khanh
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Cotton Fabric ◽  
Crosslinking Agent

PROCESS OPTIMIZATION OF ECO-FRIENDLY FLAME RETARDANT FINISH FOR COTTON FABRIC: A RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY APPROACH

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (08) ◽  
pp. 1750114 ◽  
Author(s):  
SOHAIL YASIN ◽  
MASSIMO CURTI ◽  
NEMESHWAREE BEHARY ◽  
ANNE PERWUELZ ◽  
STEPHANE GIRAUD ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Cotton Fabric ◽  
Crosslinking Agent ◽  
Statistical Design ◽  
Sodium Hypophosphite ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Flame Retardant Properties

The [Formula: see text]-methylol dimethyl phosphono propionamide (MDPA) flame retardant compounds are predominantly used for cotton fabric treatments with trimethylol melamine (TMM) to obtain better crosslinking and enhanced flame retardant properties. Nevertheless, such treatments are associated with a toxic issue of cancer-causing formaldehyde release. An eco-friendly finishing was used to get formaldehyde-free fixation of flame retardant to the cotton fabric. Citric acid as a crosslinking agent along with the sodium hypophosphite as a catalyst in the treatment was utilized. The process parameters of the treatment were enhanced for optimized flame retardant properties, in addition, low mechanical loss to the fabric by response surface methodology using Box–Behnken statistical design experiment methodology was achieved. The effects of concentrations on the fabric’s properties (flame retardancy and mechanical properties) were evaluated. The regression equations for the prediction of concentrations and mechanical properties of the fabric were also obtained for the eco-friendly treatment. The R-squared values of all the responses were above 0.95 for the reagents used, indicating the degree of relationship between the predicted values by the Box–Behnken design and the actual experimental results. It was also found that the concentration parameters (crosslinking reagents and catalysts) in the treatment formulation have a prime role in the overall performance of flame retardant cotton fabrics.

scholarly journals Optimization of Collagen Chemical Crosslinking to Restore Biocompatibility of Tissue-Engineered Scaffolds

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 832
Author(s):  
Mohammad Mirazul Islam ◽  
Dina B. AbuSamra ◽  
Alexandru Chivu ◽  
Pablo Argüeso ◽  
Claes H. Dohlman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Crosslinking Agent ◽  
Collagen Scaffold ◽  
Human Monocyte ◽  
Subsequent Treatment ◽  
Sodium Metabisulfite ◽  
Corneal Tissue ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Collagen Scaffolds ◽  
Enzymatic Stability

Collagen scaffolds, one of the most used biomaterials in corneal tissue engineering, are frequently crosslinked to improve mechanical properties, enzyme tolerance, and thermal stability. Crosslinkers such as 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC) are compatible with tissues but provide low crosslinking density and reduced mechanical properties. Conversely, crosslinkers such as glutaraldehyde (GTA) can generate mechanically more robust scaffolds; however, they can also induce greater toxicity. Herein, we evaluated the effectivity of double-crosslinking with both EDC and GTA together with the capability of sodium metabisulfite (SM) and sodium borohydride (SB) to neutralize the toxicity and restore biocompatibility after crosslinking. The EDC-crosslinked collagen scaffolds were treated with different concentrations of GTA. To neutralize the free unreacted aldehyde groups, scaffolds were treated with SM or SB. The chemistry involved in these reactions together with the mechanical and functional properties of the collagen scaffolds was evaluated. The viability of the cells grown on the scaffolds was studied using different corneal cell types. The effect of each type of scaffold treatment on human monocyte differentiation was evaluated. One-way ANOVA was used for statistical analysis. The addition of GTA as a double-crosslinking agent significantly improved the mechanical properties and enzymatic stability of the EDC crosslinked collagen scaffold. GTA decreased cell biocompatibility but this effect was reversed by treatment with SB or SM. These agents did not affect the mechanical properties, enzymatic stability, or transparency of the double-crosslinked scaffold. Contact of monocytes with the different scaffolds did not trigger their differentiation into activated macrophages. Our results demonstrate that GTA improves the mechanical properties of EDC crosslinked scaffolds in a dose-dependent manner, and that subsequent treatment with SB or SM partially restores biocompatibility. This novel manufacturing approach would facilitate the translation of collagen-based artificial corneas to the clinical setting.

scholarly journals Coatings with recycled polyvinyl butyral on polyester and polyamide mono- and multifilament yarns

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rike Brendgen ◽  
Carsten Graßmann ◽  
Thomas Grethe ◽  
Boris Mahltig ◽  
Anne Schwarz-Pfeiffer
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Chemical Resistance ◽  
Crosslinking Agent ◽  
Polyvinyl Butyral ◽  
Polymer Dispersion ◽  
Safety Glass ◽  
Enhanced Properties ◽  
Multifilament Yarns ◽  
Textile Coating ◽  
Recycled Material

AbstractPolyvinyl butyral is used in safety glass interlayers, mainly in car windshields. Legislative regulations require a recycling of cars after their lifetime and therefore also their safety glass. This causes the availability of recycled polyvinyl butyrate (r-PVB) originated from safety glass interlayers. Due to deteriorated optical properties, such as the transparency, and unknown amounts of plasticizers, it is challenging to reuse the recycled material in new windshields. Therefore, it is of particular interest to find new fields of application for r-PVB, such as the usage as a textile coating. In this research, r-PVB was investigated as a material for yarn coating. Polyester and polyamide mono- and multifilament yarns were coated continuously with solely a polymer dispersion and with mixtures of crosslinking agent and polymer dispersion. Crosslinked r-PVB coatings showed enhanced properties toward abrasion and chemical resistance. Coatings without the crosslinking agent showed a diminished abrasion resistance and could be washed off with ethanol. Mechanical properties of the monofilaments were influenced by the r-PVB coating in general. However, varying concentrations of the crosslinking agent did not affect the mechanical properties.

scholarly journals Melt- vs. Non-Melt Blending of Complexly Processable Ultra-High Molecular Weight Polyethylene/Cellulose Nanofiber Bionanocomposite

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 404
Author(s):  
Nur Sharmila Sharip ◽  
Hidayah Ariffin ◽  
Tengku Arisyah Tengku Yasim-Anuar ◽  
Yoshito Andou ◽  
Yuki Shirosaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Yield Strength ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
High Molecular Weight ◽  
Melt Processing ◽  
Cellulose Nanofiber ◽  
Melt Blending ◽  
Ultra High Molecular Weight

The major hurdle in melt-processing of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) nanocomposite lies on the high melt viscosity of the UHMWPE, which may contribute to poor dispersion and distribution of the nanofiller. In this study, UHMWPE/cellulose nanofiber (UHMWPE/CNF) bionanocomposites were prepared by two different blending methods: (i) melt blending at 150 °C in a triple screw kneading extruder, and (ii) non-melt blending by ethanol mixing at room temperature. Results showed that melt-processing of UHMWPE without CNF (MB-UHMWPE/0) exhibited an increment in yield strength and Young’s modulus by 15% and 25%, respectively, compared to the Neat-UHMWPE. Tensile strength was however reduced by almost half. Ethanol mixed sample without CNF (EM-UHMWPE/0) on the other hand showed slight decrement in all mechanical properties tested. At 0.5% CNF inclusion, the mechanical properties of melt-blended bionanocomposites (MB-UHMWPE/0.5) were improved as compared to Neat-UHMWPE. It was also found that the yield strength, elongation at break, Young’s modulus, toughness and crystallinity of MB-UHMWPE/0.5 were higher by 28%, 61%, 47%, 45% and 11%, respectively, as compared to the ethanol mixing sample (EM-UHMWPE/0.5). Despite the reduction in tensile strength of MB-UHMWPE/0.5, the value i.e., 28.4 ± 1.0 MPa surpassed the minimum requirement of standard specification for fabricated UHMWPE in surgical implant application. Overall, melt-blending processing is more suitable for the preparation of UHMWPE/CNF bionanocomposites as exhibited by their characteristics presented herein. A better mechanical interlocking between UHMWPE and CNF at high temperature mixing with kneading was evident through FE-SEM observation, explains the higher mechanical properties of MB-UHMWPE/0.5 as compared to EM-UHMWPE/0.5.

scholarly journals Improving Rheological and Mechanical Properties of Various Virgin and Recycled Polypropylenes by Blending with Long-Chain Branched Polypropylene

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1137
Author(s):  
Sascha Stanic ◽  
Thomas Koch ◽  
Klaus Schmid ◽  
Simone Knaus ◽  
Vasiliki-Maria Archodoulaki
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Tensile Test ◽  
Reactive Extrusion ◽  
Original Material ◽  
Melt Flow Rate ◽  
Single Screw Extruder ◽  
Pp Blends ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Long Chain

Blends of two long-chain branched polypropylenes (LCB-PP) and five linear polypropylenes (L-PP) were prepared in a single screw extruder at 240 °C. The two LCB-PPs were self-created via reactive extrusion at 180 °C by using dimyristyl peroxydicarbonate (PODIC C126) and dilauroyl peroxide (LP) as peroxides. For blending two virgin and three recycled PPs like coffee caps, yoghurt cups and buckets with different melt flow rate (MFR) values were used. The influence of using blends was assessed by investigating the rheological (dynamic and extensional rheology) and mechanical properties (tensile test and impact tensile test). The dynamic rheology indicated that the molecular weight as well as the molecular weight distribution could be increased or broadened. Also the melt strength behavior could be improved by using the two peroxide modified LCB-PP blends on the basis of PODIC C126 or PEROXAN LP (dilauroyl peroxide). In addition, the mechanical properties were consistently enhanced or at least kept constant compared to the original material. In particular, the impact tensile strength but also the elongation at break could be increased considerably. This study showed that the blending of LCB-PP can increase the investigated properties and represents a promising option, especially when using recycled PP, which demonstrates a real “up-cycling” process.

scholarly journals Rheometer Evidences for the Co-Curing Effect of a Bismaleimide in Conjunction with the Accelerated Sulfur on Natural Rubber/Chloroprene Rubber Blends

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 1510
Author(s):  
Marek Pöschl ◽  
Shibulal Gopi Sathi ◽  
Radek Stoček ◽  
Ondřej Kratina
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Crosslinking Agent ◽  
Alder Reaction ◽  
Diels Alder ◽  
Ene Reactions ◽  
Rubber Blends ◽  
Diels Alder Reaction ◽  
Chloroprene Rubber

The rheometer curing curves of neat natural rubber (NR) and neat chloroprene rubber (CR) with maleide F (MF) exhibit considerable crosslinking torque at 180 °C. This indicates that MF can crosslink both these rubbers via Alder-ene reactions. Based on this knowledge, MF has been introduced as a co-crosslinking agent for a 50/50 blend of NR and CR in conjunction with accelerated sulfur. The delta (Δ) torque obtained from the curing curves of a blend with the addition of 1 phr MF was around 62% higher than those without MF. As the content of MF increased to 3 phr, the Δ torque was further raised to 236%. Moreover, the mechanical properties, particularly the tensile strength of the blend with the addition of 1 phr MF in conjunction with the accelerated sulfur, was around 201% higher than the blend without MF. The overall tensile properties of the blends cured with MF were almost retained even after ageing the samples at 70 °C for 72 h. This significant improvement in the curing torque and the tensile properties of the blends indicates that MF can co-crosslink between NR and CR via the Diels–Alder reaction.

scholarly journals Established an eco-friendly cotton fabric treating process with enhancing anti-wrinkle performance

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 155892502110034
Author(s):  
Xiongfang Luo ◽  
Pei Cheng ◽  
Wencong Wang ◽  
Jiajia Fu ◽  
Weidong Gao
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Citric Acid ◽  
Cotton Fabric ◽  
Crosslinking Agent ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Waterborne Polyurethane ◽  
Cotton Fabrics ◽  
Wrinkle Resistance ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Strength Retention

This study establishes an eco-friendly anti-wrinkle treating process for cotton fabric. Sodium hydroxide-liquid ammonia pretreatment followed by 6% (w/w) PU100 adding citric acid pad-cure-dry finishing. In this process, citric acid (CA) was used as the fundamental crosslinking agent during finishing because it is a non-formaldehyde based, cost-effective and well wrinkle resistance agent. Environmental-friendly waterborne polyurethane (WPU) was used as an additive to add to the CA finishing solution. Six commercial WPUs were systematically investigated. Fabric properties like wrinkle resistance, tensile strength retention, whiteness, durable press, softness, and wettability were well investigated. Fourier transform infrared spectra and X-ray diffraction spectra were also measured and discussed before and after adding waterborne polyurethane. Tentative mechanism of the interaction among the WPU, CA, and modified cotton fabrics is provided. The effect of cotton fabric pretreatment on fabric performance was also investigated. After the eco-process’s treatment, the fabric wrinkle resistant angle was upgraded to 271 ± 7°, tensile strength retention was maintained at 66.77% ± 3.50% and CIE whiteness was elevated to 52.13 ± 3.21, which are much better than the traditional CA anti-wrinkle finishing based on mercerized cotton fabrics. This study provides useful information for textile researchers and engineers.

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