scholarly journals Origins of Family Policy: Prerequisites or Diffusion

2021 ◽  
pp. 169-193
Author(s):  
Tobias Böger ◽  
Keonhi Son ◽  
Simone Tonelli
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Family Policy ◽  
Maternity Leave ◽  
World Society ◽  
Family Policies ◽  
Nation States ◽  
Families With Children ◽  
Family Allowances

AbstractVarious instruments to protect families with children from the consequences of industrialization have been introduced in modernizing nation-states at the end of the nineteenth and the beginning of the twentieth century. The global adoption of family policies, such as maternity leave, family allowances, and childcare facilities, followed a wide array of patterns. After being introduced by pioneering countries, some programs spread rapidly throughout Europe, some reached the peripheries of colonial empires and others were only introduced by the newly established nation-states populating world society after decolonization. We provide the first analysis of the disparate origins and spread of family policies, identifying the networks that facilitate their diffusion.

scholarly journals Understanding the ‘Family Gap’ in Pay for Women with Children

1998 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane Waldfogel
Keyword(s):  
Gender Gap ◽  
Work Experience ◽  
Family Policy ◽  
Maternity Leave ◽  
The United States ◽  
Job Tenure ◽  
Family Policies ◽  
Equal Pay ◽  
The Family ◽  
Family Gap

As the gender gap in pay between women and men has been narrowing, the 'family gap' in pay between mothers and nonmothers has been widening. One reason may be the institutional structure in the United States, which has emphasized equal pay and opportunity policies but not family policies, in contrast to other countries that have implemented both. The authors now have evidence on the links between one such family policy and women's pay. Recent research suggests that maternity leave coverage, by raising women's retention after childbirth, also raises women's levels of work experience, job tenure, and pay.

Reforming family policy in the Baltic States: The views of the elites

2005 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jolanta Aidukaite
Keyword(s):  
Social Policy ◽  
Family Policy ◽  
Equal Opportunities ◽  
Baltic States ◽  
Family Policies ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Baltic Countries ◽  
Family Benefits ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Families With Children

The aim of this paper is to explore the various views of the social policy elites in the Baltic States concerning family policy and, in particular, family benefits as one of the possible explanations for the observed policy differences. This study is based on semi-structured expert interviews from the three Baltic countries conducted in 2002. The qualitative analyses indicate that the Baltic States differ significantly with regard to the reasons behind their family policies. Lithuanian decision-makers seek to reduce poverty among families with children and enhance parents’ responsibility for bringing up their children. Latvian policy-makers act so as to increase the birth rate and create equal opportunities for children from all families. Policies that seek to create equal opportunities for all children and the desire to enhance gender equality was more visible in the case of Estonia in comparison with the other two countries. This study thus indicate how intimately the attitudes of top-level bureaucrats, policy-makers and researchers shape social policy.

Understanding the Recent Expansion of Swiss Family Policy: An Idea-Centred Approach

2007 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
DANIEL KUEBLER
Keyword(s):  
Gender Equality ◽  
Family Policy ◽  
Maternity Leave ◽  
Major Change ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Welfare States ◽  
Value Orientations ◽  
Family Policies ◽  
Advocacy Coalition ◽  
Power Shift

Conventional theoretical models of the welfare state have difficulties in accounting for the recent expansion of family policies in mature welfare states. This article uses an idea-centred approach, the Advocacy Coalition Framework (ACF), to understand recent family policy change in Switzerland. In a review of conflicts over the introduction of paid maternity leave as well as child day care during the 1990s, two competing advocacy coalitions were identified. The first coalition aimed at restricting government programmes to the prevention of poverty of families, whereas the second advocated the inclusion of measures for the promotion of gender equality. Towards the end of the 1990s, some members of the first advocacy coalition revised their policy core beliefs and changed coalitions, as a consequence of cognitive framing strategies pursued by gender equality advocates. This led to a power shift within the family policy subsystem, resulting in major change of government programmes at all state levels. It is concluded that, on the basis of the ACF, family policy expansion can be coherently traced back to value orientations and cognitive processes.

scholarly journals Family Policies Across the Globe

2020 ◽  
pp. 219-247
Author(s):  
Fernando Filgueira ◽  
Cecilia Rossel
Keyword(s):  
Social Protection ◽  
Family Policy ◽  
Family Policies ◽  
Developing Regions ◽  
The World ◽  
Family Allowances ◽  
Made In ◽  
The Way

AbstractThis chapter analyzes family policies across the globe, describing patterns in the development of family allowances, leave schemes, and ECEC services both in developed and developing regions. Using the OECD family database and the ILO global social protection database, it compares the developments in family policy across different regions. The chapter reveals that the way regions and countries in the world have followed the main goals of family policy varies significantly, not only in terms of coverage and quality, but also in terms of design and context of implementation. Despite the efforts made in developing regions are still limited and rarely based on the idea of a universal set of interrelated transfers and services, there is still room for them to learn from the experience of the leaders in family policy.

scholarly journals Problematizing Olympic Nationality

AJIL Unbound ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 114 ◽  
pp. 374-379
Author(s):  
Peter J. Spiro
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
National Identity ◽  
Focal Point ◽  
Professional Sports ◽  
Sports Teams ◽  
Olympic Athletes ◽  
Nation States ◽  
International Solidarity

One can hope that the convening of the Tokyo Olympics will be a cause for global celebration. Tokyo could prove a focal point for international solidarity, a moment of relief and release after all of humanity faced down an insidious, invisible, and largely indiscriminate attacker. Unified as we otherwise may be, athletes will still come to the Games as representatives of nation-states. That may be an unavoidable organizing principle. Less justifiable will be the requirement that athletes be nationals of the states they play for. Under the Olympic Charter and the rules of particular sporting federations, athletes are subject to a non-state nationality regime that restricts the capacity of individuals to compete for countries for whose delegations they would otherwise qualify. This regime looks to maintain the putative integrity of Olympic competition by maintaining the unity of sporting and sociological national identity. But that legacy of the twentieth century no longer works in the twenty first. Nationality and associated criteria for participant eligibility undermine the autonomy of athletes and the quality of participation. The rules can no longer guarantee any affective tie between athlete and nation, instead arbitrarily enabling some, but not all, to compete on the basis of citizenship decoupled from identity. We don't require that athletes playing for our professional sports teams hale from the cities they represent. There's no reason why we need to require more of our Olympic athletes.

Explaining New Patterns in Family Leave Policies in Latin America: Competing Visions and Facilitating Institutions

2021 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 100-121
Author(s):  
Marisa Hawley ◽  
Matthew E. Carnes
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Family Policy ◽  
Maternity Leave ◽  
Family Leave ◽  
Political Landscape ◽  
Paternity Leave ◽  
Original Dataset ◽  
The Family ◽  
Policy Measures ◽  
Family Leave Policies

ABSTRACTRecent years have seen the rapid passage and modification of family leave policies in Latin America, a surprising trend, given the region’s historically conservative gender norms. This article argues that the rise of new paternity leave policies—as well as the modifications to longer-standing maternity leave policies—reflects contending visions of gender and the family, mediated by the institutions and actors that populate the region’s political landscape. Using an original dataset of family policy measures, this article finds that the factors facilitating the adoption of new, vanguard policies, such as paternity leave, function in ways different from those that shape the expansion of longer-standing policies, including maternity leave.

Universal Suffrage as Decolonization

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
KEVIN DUONG
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Cultural Revolution ◽  
Political Thought ◽  
Black Atlantic ◽  
Global Order ◽  
Historical Process ◽  
Nation States ◽  
Universal Suffrage ◽  
The Voice

This essay reconstructs an important but forgotten dream of twentieth-century political thought: universal suffrage as decolonization. The dream emerged from efforts by Black Atlantic radicals to conscript universal suffrage into wider movements for racial self-expression and cultural revolution. Its proponents believed a mass franchise could enunciate the voice of colonial peoples inside imperial institutions and transform the global order. Recuperating this insurrectionary conception of the ballot reveals how radicals plotted universal suffrage and decolonization as a single historical process. It also places decolonization’s fate in a surprising light: it may have been the century’s greatest act of disenfranchisement. As dependent territories became nation-states, they lost their voice in metropolitan assemblies whose affairs affected them long after independence.

scholarly journals Family Policy in Big Cities in Terms of Demographic Transition

2021 ◽  
pp. 19-37
Author(s):  
B. О. KRIMER
Keyword(s):  
Demographic Transition ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Family Policy ◽  
Single Parent ◽  
Fertility Trends ◽  
Single Parent Families ◽  
Favorable Environment ◽  
Metropolitan Cities ◽  
Large Families ◽  
Families With Children

The paper considers the development of family policy in metropolises within the frameworks of the second demographic transition. Demographic transformations lead to the spread of vulnerability of certain categories of families with children—single-parent families, large families—as well as exacerbation of the problem of combining childbirth and employment, aff ordability, favorable environment for childbirth. The aim of the work is to analyze the peculiarities of fertility transformations in metropolitan cities of Ukraine and to identify the challenges caused by them, to consider current practices of family policy in developed European countries, to formulate conclusions on the development of family policy in Ukrainian cities. The work uses an array of statistical indicators, formed on the basis of the State Statistics Service of Ukraine, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD Family Database), Eurostat (Eurostat). Fertility trends in metropolitan cities are studied by analyzing long time series. Correlation analysis is used to determine the importance of individual fertility factors in modern Ukraine. The study of family policy and the formation of recommendations is carried out using a historical analogy and a systematic approach. The novelty of the article lies in the confi rmation of the conformity of the transformation of fer tility in metropolises of Ukraine to European processes and formation of a vision of fami ly policy development in large metropolitan cities of Ukraine based on the study of demographic challenges and experience of family policy in Europe. In large metropolitan cities, the aging of motherhood and the spread of vulnerability of certain categories of families with children—single-parent families, large families—as well as exacerbation of the problem of combining childbirth and employment, aff ordability, favorable environment for childbirth has grown in intensity. Priority areas for the development of family policy in a metropolitan are the development of child care services, promotion of parental employment, promotion of housing, spread of gender equality.

Social Policy, Welfare, and Social Identities, 1900–1950

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Moses
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
Welfare States ◽  
Social Identities ◽  
The Political ◽  
Reform Movements ◽  
Family Policies ◽  
Population Politics ◽  
Political Spectrum ◽  
The Impact

The first half of the twentieth century witnessed the dramatic emergence of modern welfare states across Europe. Why did this transformation take form? Was this process uniform across Europe? And what did it mean for relations between individuals and states? This chapter suggests that European social policies in the early twentieth century were characterized by an emphasis on integration and community. This perspective chimed with widespread utopian aspirations for social improvement voiced across the political spectrum and across the Continent. Nonetheless, the relative emphasis on integration and community varied across Europe and over time. Moreover, associated quests for an ideal future held the potential to be both enabling and oppressive. This chapter highlights two related themes that reveal these complexities: work and population politics. It charts developments in social legislation across Europe, including eugenics, labour, and family policies, and it traces the impact of transnational reform movements and international organizations.

Early detection of social neglect in economically disadvantaged families as a direction of family policy

2020 ◽  
pp. 55-66
Author(s):  
Tatyana Anatolievna Mikhailova
Keyword(s):  
Social Policy ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Early Identification ◽  
Economically Disadvantaged ◽  
Family Policy ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Children And Families ◽  
The Family ◽  
Families With Children ◽  
Disadvantaged Families

One of the directions of social policy is to improve the situation of children and families with children. The main objectives of family policy are related to improving the well-being of the family. In this regard, it becomes obvious that there is a need to develop a system of measures for early identification of families in crisis.

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