Quantitative Optical Measurement Techniques for Mixture Formation and Combustion Process Analysis

2017 ◽  
pp. 214-224
Author(s):  
Thomas Berg ◽  
Stefan Seefeldt ◽  
Olaf Thiele
Keyword(s):  
Optical Measurement ◽  
Process Analysis ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Mixture Formation

HCCI Combustion With Various Fuels for Heavy and Light Duty Engines

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uwe Wagner ◽  
Razvan Anca ◽  
Amin Velji ◽  
Ulrich Spicher ◽  
Sven Po¨ttker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Measurement ◽  
Soot Formation ◽  
Process Analysis ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Oh Radicals ◽  
Injection Timing ◽  
Engine Operation ◽  
Single Cylinder ◽  
Hcci Combustion

Single-cylinder engine tests were carried out to assess the influence of several engine operating parameters on HCCI combustion. For the experiments, single-cylinder engines with cylinder volumes of 0.5 and 2 liter were used to represent light and heavy duty application. Engine operation parameters like EGR-rate, air / fuel ratio and injection timing were varied to analyze their influence on the combustion while using different fuels such as Diesel, Gas to Liquid (GtL) and gasoline. Special emphasis was put on synthetic fuels as on the one hand these fuels offer the possibility to “design” them according to the combustion process requirement. On the other hand these GtL — or BtL (Biomass to Liquid) — fuels also lead to a higher independence from fossil fuels. Besides engine out emissions (CO2, CO, NOx, O2, HC, soot) and in-cylinder pressure indication for burning process analysis, optical measurement techniques were used for combustion analysis. With different optical probes in-cylinder soot concentration was measured with the Two-Color-Method. In addition UV radiation of OH-radicals was detected with an intensified camera. This procedure allows the differentiation between the beginning of combustion with OH-radical formation and a possible soot formation due to insufficient homogenization.

Realization of a Fully Optically Accessible Medium Speed Large Bore Engine Using a Fisheye Optic

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephan Karmann ◽  
Christian Friedrich ◽  
Maximilian Prager ◽  
Georg Wachtmeister
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Optical Measurement ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Engine Operation ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Medium Speed ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Nominal Load ◽  
Fire Engine

Abstract To address one of the main environmental concerns, the engine out emissions, an enhanced understanding of the combustion process itself is fundamental. Recent optical and laser optical measurement techniques provide a promising approach to investigate and optimize the combustion process regarding emissions. These measurement techniques are already quite common for passenger car and truck size engines and significantly contribute to their improvement. Transferring these measurement techniques to large bore engines from low to high speed is still rather more uncommon especially due to the bigger challenges caused by the engine size and thus much higher stability requirements and design effort for optical accessibility. To cover this new field of research a new approach for a medium speed large bore engine was developed using a fisheye optic mounted centrally in the cylinder head to design a fully optically accessible engine test bench. This new approach is detailed with a test setup layout and a stability concept consisting of cooling systems and the development of a suitable operation strategy based on simulation and experimental verification. The design of this single cylinder engine with 350mm bore and 440mm stroke providing 530kW nominal load at 750 rpm was tested up to 85% nominal load in skipped fire engine operation mode. The measurements of the flame chemiluminescence of a dual fuel combustion of the diesel gas type present proof of the feasibility of the new design as a starting point for future systematic studies on the combustion process of large bore engines.

Basic Research on Elemental and Size Analytical System for Nano-Sized Suspended Particulate Matter Using Contactless Optical Measurement Techniques

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Ikezawa ◽  
T. Ueda
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Optical Measurement ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Time Profile ◽  
Diameter Distribution ◽  
Breakdown Spectroscopy ◽  
Laser Induced Incandescence ◽  
Particulate Size

A contactless sensing system for nano-sized carbonaceous particulate matter using laser-induced incandescence (LII) and laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is presented. The LIBS technique allows detecting elemental composition and density of the SPMs, and LII technique allows to measure particulate size. LII technique is temporal resolved method that enables measurement of soot particulate sizes in a combustion process. In the case of the measured material consisting of a carbonaceous element, it is easy to determine the particulate diameter distribution derived from the time-profile of emission attenuation signals during cooling process, because the cooling behaviour is characteristic of the particulate diameter in LII technique. However, in actuality, the SPMs consist of several different types of elements. By using LIBS technique, the elemental analysis is able to conduct easily.

Mixture formation and combustion process analysis of an innovative diesel piston bowl design through the synergetic application of numerical and optical techniques

Fuel ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 309 ◽  
pp. 122144
Author(s):  
F. Millo ◽  
A. Piano ◽  
S. Roggio ◽  
J.V. Pastor ◽  
C. Micó ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Process Analysis ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Mixture Formation ◽  
Optical Techniques ◽  
Piston Bowl

scholarly journals Energy Treatment of Solid Municipal Waste in Combination with Biomass by Decentralized Method with the Respect to the Negative Effects on the Environment

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 4405
Author(s):  
Miroslav Rimar ◽  
Olha Kulikova ◽  
Andrii Kulikov ◽  
Marcel Fedak
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Process Analysis ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Municipal Waste ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Combustion Properties ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Fuel Mixtures

Waste is a product of society and one of the biggest challenges for future generations is to understand how to sustainably dispose of large amounts of waste. The main objective of this study was to determine the possibility and conditions of the decentralized combustion of non-hazardous municipal waste. The analysis of the combustion properties of a mixture of wood chips and 20–30% of municipal solid waste showed an improvement in the operating parameters of the combustion process. Analysis also confirmed that the co-combustion of dirty fuels and biomass reduced the risk of releasing minerals and heavy metals from fuel into the natural environment. Approximately 55% of the heavy metals passed into the ash. The analysis of municipal solid waste and fuel mixtures containing municipal solid waste for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons showed the risk of increasing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon concentrations in flue gases.

Review of the Investigation of Fuel-Air Premixing and Combustion Process Using Rapid Compression Machine and Direct Visualization System

2013 ◽  
Vol 465-466 ◽  
pp. 265-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamad Jaat ◽  
Amir Khalid ◽  
Bukhari Manshoor ◽  
Siti Mariam Basharie ◽  
Him Ramsy
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Injection Pressure ◽  
Rapid Compression Machine ◽  
Mixture Formation ◽  
Visualization System ◽  
Optical Visualization ◽  
Rapid Compression

s :This paper reviews of some applications of optical visualization system to compute the fuel-air mixing process during early stage of mixture formation and late injection in Diesel Combustion Engine. This review has shown that the mixture formation is controlled by the characteristics of the injection systems, the nature of the air swirl and turbulence in thecylinder, and spray characteristics. Few experimental works have been investigated and found that the effects of injection pressure and swirl ratio have a great effect on the mixture formation then affects to the flame development and combustion characteristics.This paper presents the significance of spray and combustion study with optical techniques access rapid compression machine that have been reported by previous researchers. Experimental results are presentedin order to provide in depth knowledge as assistance to readers interested in this research area. Analysis of flame motion and flame intensity in the combustion chamber was performed using high speed direct photographs and image analysis technique. The application of these methods to the investigation of diesel sprays highlights mechanisms which provide a better understanding of spray and combustion characteristics.

High Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU) Transducer Characterization Using Acoustic Streaming

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prasanna Hariharan ◽  
Ronald A. Robinson ◽  
Matthew R. Myers ◽  
Rupak K. Banerjee
Keyword(s):  
High Intensity ◽  
Focused Ultrasound ◽  
Optical Measurement ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Acoustic Streaming ◽  
Acoustic Power ◽  
High Intensity Focused Ultrasound ◽  
Medical Ultrasound ◽  
Intensity Field ◽  
Streaming Velocity

A new, non-perturbing optical measurement technique was developed to characterize medical ultrasound fields generated by High Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU) transducers using a phenomenon called ‘acoustic streaming’. The acoustic streaming velocity generated by HIFU transducers was measured experimentally using Digital Particle Image Velocimetry (DPIV). The streaming velocity was then calculated numerically using the finite-element method. An optimization algorithm was developed to back-calculate acoustic power and intensity field by minimizing the difference between experimental and numerical streaming velocities. The intensity field and acoustic power calculated using this approach was validated with standard measurement techniques. Results showed that the inverse method was able to predict acoustic power and intensity fields within 10% of the actual value measured using standard techniques, at the low powers where standard methods can be safely applied. This technique is also potentially useful for evaluating medical ultrasound transducers at the higher power levels used in clinical practice.

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