Heavy Metal Bindings and Their Interactions with Thiol Peptides and Other Biological Ligands in Plant Cells

2011 ◽  
pp. 1-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mashiro Inouhe ◽  
Huagang Huang ◽  
Sanjay Kumar Chaudhary ◽  
Dharmendra Kumar Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Plant Cells ◽  
Thiol Peptides

scholarly journals Molecular Mechanism of Heavy Metal Toxicity and Tolerance in Plants: Central Role of Glutathione in Detoxification of Reactive Oxygen Species and Methylglyoxal and in Heavy Metal Chelation

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Anwar Hossain ◽  
Pukclai Piyatida ◽  
Jaime A. Teixeira da Silva ◽  
Masayuki Fujita
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Plant Cells ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Antioxidant Defense System ◽  
Peroxidation Of Lipids ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Defense System ◽  
Glyoxalase System

Heavy metal (HM) toxicity is one of the major abiotic stresses leading to hazardous effects in plants. A common consequence of HM toxicity is the excessive accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and methylglyoxal (MG), both of which can cause peroxidation of lipids, oxidation of protein, inactivation of enzymes, DNA damage and/or interact with other vital constituents of plant cells. Higher plants have evolved a sophisticated antioxidant defense system and a glyoxalase system to scavenge ROS and MG. In addition, HMs that enter the cell may be sequestered by amino acids, organic acids, glutathione (GSH), or by specific metal-binding ligands. Being a central molecule of both the antioxidant defense system and the glyoxalase system, GSH is involved in both direct and indirect control of ROS and MG and their reaction products in plant cells, thus protecting the plant from HM-induced oxidative damage. Recent plant molecular studies have shown that GSH by itself and its metabolizing enzymes—notably glutathione S-transferase, glutathione peroxidase, dehydroascorbate reductase, glutathione reductase, glyoxalase I and glyoxalase II—act additively and coordinately for efficient protection against ROS- and MG-induced damage in addition to detoxification, complexation, chelation and compartmentation of HMs. The aim of this review is to integrate a recent understanding of physiological and biochemical mechanisms of HM-induced plant stress response and tolerance based on the findings of current plant molecular biology research.

scholarly journals Role of Synthesized Soil for Minimizing Heavy Metal Penetration into the Plant’s Cell in Phytoremediation Process

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 5786-5790 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Surface Charge ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Plant Cells ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Bulk Water ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Fine Soil

The advantages of synthesized soil for minimizing the heavy metal penetration into the plant cells during phytoremediation process was investigated. The synthesized soil was prepared by modifying the as-received soil into fine and coarse particles via a sieving process before subjecting the prepared soil to the lotus plant for the phytoremediation process. The as-received soil was obtained from a common paddy soil and consist of major clay elements including SiO2 , Fe3O4 and Ca. After the phytoremediation process for 30 days, the bulk water, soil and rhizomes were sent for inductively coupled plasma (ICP) optical emission spectrometry. The fine soil absorbed more metal content than the coarse soil and as-received soil. Further analysis was conducted by downsizing the as-received soil into the aqueous solution of pH 4, 6 and 8 and followed by an ultrasonication process. A nanometer order particle of 157, 78 and 100 nm with various particles's surface charge of 22, 4.9 and -19.9 mV were obtained from pH 4, 6 and 8 respectively. The surface charge of the clay element that contained in the as-received soil adsorbs the heavy metals onto its surface and hindered the penetration of heavy metal from entering the plant cells

scholarly journals Lipid peroxidation in plant cells, its physiological role and changes under heavy metal stress

2011 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewa Skórzyńska-Polit
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Plant Cells ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Heavy Metal Stress ◽  
Metal Stress ◽  
Cytotoxic Effects ◽  
Plant Organ

Lipid peroxidation, which is a natural and essential process, can occur in a non-enzymatic and/or enzymatic way in plant cells. Some of its products have cytotoxic effects on cells, but others function as plant effectors. The lipid peroxidation in plants exposed to heavy metal stress depends on the metal, plant organ, plant species and its genotype.

scholarly journals Copper, Chromium and Nickel Heavy Metal Effects on Total Sugar and Protein Content in Glycine Max.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongtao Duan ◽  
Chetan B. Sangani ◽  
Mohd Muddassir ◽  
Kunjal V. Soni
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Glycine Max ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Living Cell ◽  
Plant Cells ◽  
Total Sugar ◽  
Essential Metals ◽  
Minute Amount ◽  
Copper Chromium

Abstract BackgroundMetals are one of the micro molecules required by living cell to do their biochemical functions. Out of a list of metals few are very important and useful to cells while few are required in very minute amount and their higher concentration harm or cause adverse effects on living forms. Copper and ferrous are commonly counted as essential metals to plant cells but sometimes their higher concentration is harmful to plant cells. Copper is commonly counted as important metal to plant cells but sometimes their higher concentration is harmful to plant cells.ResultsIt was found that higher concentration of copper and ferrous showed reduction in germination percentages and gemination time of investigated plant while chromium shown lethal impacts on seed germinationConclusionsIn the present study effects of copper, chromium and nickel was studied for total sugar and protein content of widely cultivated pulses i.e. Glycine max. Collectively present study showed that higher concentration of copper and nickel has adverse effects on Glycine max total sugar and protein content while chromium has lethal impacts at lower concentration also.

SEM study of the morphological effects of kinetin and zeatin on the growth and development of the apical meristem in wheat

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 978-979
Author(s):  
G. M. Hutchins ◽  
J. S. Gardner
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Furfuryl Alcohol ◽  
Apical Meristem ◽  
Plant Cells ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Morphological Development ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Chinese Spring Wheat ◽  
Sem Study ◽  
Moist Environment

Cytokinins are plant hormones that play a large and incompletely understood role in the life-cycle of plants. The goal of this study was to determine what roles cytokinins play in the morphological development of wheat. To achieve any real success in altering the development and growth of wheat, the cytokinins must be applied directly to the apical meristem, or spike of the plant. It is in this region that the plant cells are actively undergoing mitosis. Kinetin and Zeatin were the two cytokinins chosen for this experiment. Kinetin is an artificial hormone that was originally extracted from old or heated DNA. Kinetin is easily made from the reaction of adenine and furfuryl alcohol. Zeatin is a naturally occurring hormone found in corn, wheat, and many other plants.Chinese Spring Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was used for this experiment. Prior to planting, the seeds were germinated in a moist environment for 72 hours.

Complementary Z-Contrast Imaging and Digital Image Processing

1985 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 304-305
Author(s):  
K. N. Colonna ◽  
G. Oliphant
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Digital Image Processing ◽  
Digital Image ◽  
Biological Tissue ◽  
Biological Imaging ◽  
Tissue Preparation ◽  
Contrast Imaging ◽  
Imaging Tool ◽  
Z Contrast

Harmonious use of Z-contrast imaging and digital image processing as an analytical imaging tool was developed and demonstrated in studying the elemental constitution of human and maturing rabbit spermatozoa. Due to its analog origin (Fig. 1), the Z-contrast image offers information unique to the science of biological imaging. Despite the information and distinct advantages it offers, the potential of Z-contrast imaging is extremely limited without the application of techniques of digital image processing. For the first time in biological imaging, this study demonstrates the tremendous potential involved in the complementary use of Z-contrast imaging and digital image processing.Imaging in the Z-contrast mode is powerful for three distinct reasons, the first of which involves tissue preparation. It affords biologists the opportunity to visualize biological tissue without the use of heavy metal fixatives and stains. For years biologists have used heavy metal components to compensate for the limited electron scattering properties of biological tissue.

Confocal microscopy of the cytoskeleton in living plant cells following microinjection of fluorescent probes

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 130-131
Author(s):  
Ann Cleary
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Fluorescent Probes ◽  
Actin Filaments ◽  
Intracellular Transport ◽  
Cell Structure ◽  
Plant Cells ◽  
Cell Plate ◽  
Cell Cortex ◽  
Living Plant ◽  
Rhodamine Phalloidin

Microinjection of fluorescent probes into living plant cells reveals new aspects of cell structure and function. Microtubules and actin filaments are dynamic components of the cytoskeleton and are involved in cell growth, division and intracellular transport. To date, cytoskeletal probes used in microinjection studies have included rhodamine-phalloidin for labelling actin filaments and fluorescently labelled animal tubulin for incorporation into microtubules. From a recent study of Tradescantia stamen hair cells it appears that actin may have a role in defining the plane of cell division. Unlike microtubules, actin is present in the cell cortex and delimits the division site throughout mitosis. Herein, I shall describe actin, its arrangement and putative role in cell plate placement, in another material, living cells of Tradescantia leaf epidermis.The epidermis is peeled from the abaxial surface of young leaves usually without disruption to cytoplasmic streaming or cell division. The peel is stuck to the base of a well slide using 0.1% polyethylenimine and bathed in a solution of 1% mannitol +/− 1 mM probenecid.

Scanning electron microscopy of plant cells using a variable-pressure SEM and cryogenic techniques

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 260-261
Author(s):  
M. Yamada ◽  
K. Ueda ◽  
K. Kuboki ◽  
H. Matsushima ◽  
S. Joens
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Saturated Vapor ◽  
Plant Cells ◽  
Variable Pressure ◽  
Specimen Preparation ◽  
Operating Pressure ◽  
Vapor Pressures ◽  
Low Temperature Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron

Use of variable Pressure SEMs is spreading among electron microscopists The variable Pressure SEM does not necessarily require specimen Preparation such as fixation, dehydration, coating, etc which have been required for conventional scanning electron microscopy. The variable Pressure SEM allows operating Pressure of 1˜270 Pa in specimen chamber It does not allow microscopy of water-containing specimens under a saturated vapor Pressure of water. Therefore, it may cause shrink or deformation of water-containing soft specimens such as plant cells due to evaporation of water. A solution to this Problem is to lower the specimen temperature and maintain saturated vapor Pressures of water at low as shown in Fig. 1 On this technique, there is a Published report of experiment to have sufficient signal to noise ratio for scondary electron imaging at a relatively long working distance using an environmental SEM. We report here a new low temperature microscopy of soft Plant cells using a variable Pressure SEM (Hitachi S-225ON).

Recent Progress In High-Resolution Shadowing For Biological Transmission Electron Microscopy

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 510-511 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heinz Gross ◽  
Katarina Krusche ◽  
Peter Tittmann
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Freeze Drying ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
Vacuum Equipment ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Gas Atmosphere ◽  
Gas Molecules ◽  
Residual Gas ◽  
Backing Layer

Freeze-drying followed by heavy metal shadowing is a long established and straight forward approach to routinely study the structure of dehydrated macromolecules. Very thin specimens such as isolated membranes or single macromolecules are directly adsorbed on C-coated grids. After rapid freezing the grids are transferred into a suitable vacuum equipment for freeze-drying and heavy metal shadowing.To improve the resolution power of shadowing films we introduced shadowing at very low specimen temperature (−250°C). To routinely do that without the danger of contamination we developed in collaboration with Balzers an UHV (p≤10-9 mbar) machine (BAF500K, Fig.2). It should be mentioned here that at −250°C the specimen surface acts as effective cryopump for practically all impinging residual gas molecules from the residual gas atmosphere.Common high resolution shadowing films (Pt/C, Ta/W) have to be protected from alterations due to air contact by a relatively thick C-backing layer, when transferred via atmospheric conditions into the TEM. Such an additional C-coat contributes disturbingly to the contrast at high resolution.

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