The Subcellular Accumulation of Toxic Heavy Metals: Qualitative and Quantitative X-Ray Microanalysis

1989 ◽  
pp. 59-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Morgan ◽  
N. Roos ◽  
J. E. Morgan ◽  
C. Winters
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Toxic Heavy Metals ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative

Adaptation of the Egs4 Monte Carlo Fode for the Design of a Polarized Source for X-Ray Fluorescence Analysis of Platinum and Other Heavy Metals In Vivo

1994 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 579-585 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.G. Lewis ◽  
G. Lewis ◽  
C.A. Oggt
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Neck Region ◽  
Fluorescence Analysis ◽  
Toxic Heavy Metals ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Chemotherapy Drugs ◽  
Main Research Interest ◽  
Kinetics Of

X-ray fluorescence (XRF) has become a well established technique for the measurement of trace levels of toxic heavy metals in vivo, including cadmium, platinum, mercury and lead (Mattsson et al.. 1987). The clinical motivation for the measurement of platinum (Pt) is the need to investigate the kinetics of Pt-based cancer chemotherapy drugs such as cisplatin and paraplatin. Currently the main research interest in Swansea lies in the study of the uptake and distribution of Pt administered during chemotherapy of patients with tumours in the head and neck region.

scholarly journals Total Reflection X-Ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy (TXRF) Method Validation: Determination of Heavy Metals in Dietary Supplements

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Blanca G. Beltrán ◽  
Victor Ramos-Sanchez ◽  
David Chávez-Flores ◽  
Rogelio Rodríguez-Maese ◽  
Edwin Palacio
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Fluorescence Spectroscopy ◽  
Dietary Supplements ◽  
Desirability Function ◽  
Internal Standard ◽  
Total Reflection ◽  
Acid Mixture ◽  
Toxic Heavy Metals ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Two Samples

Dietary supplements may contain heavy metals with the property of bioaccumulation in humans. The aim of this research was to validate and apply two analytical methods to determine Pb, As, Cr, and Hg in dietary supplements by Total Reflection X-ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy (TXRF). Methods validation was conducted through a multivariate analysis using a central composite design (CCD) and a desirability function. Critical values for each study variable were established. The TXRF_DS_1 method was proposed for Pb, As, and Cr determinations, while the TXRF_DS_2 was established for Hg analysis. The digestion method with an acid mixture (HNO3 + HCl + H2O2) was used to break down the organic material of dietary supplements. A solution of 10 μg L−1 Ga was used as an internal standard. Excellent analytical performance was obtained as LODs of 0.59, 0.41, 0.57, and 0.75 μg L−1 and LOQs of 1.95, 1.35, 1.90, and 2.50 μgL −1 for Pb, As, Cr, and Hg, respectively. Calibration curves showed a good linearity for all elements (R2>0.999). Excellent accuracy and precision in measurements (% RSD) was achieved. The real and spiked samples analysis demonstrated the applicability of the TXRF technique (percentage recovery 91–108%). Besides, two samples were analyzed in a comparison study between the TXRF_DS_1 method and the ICP-OES method. The results obtained showed good agreement between both techniques. The TXRF technique allows the analysis of toxic heavy metals in dietary supplements, which are marketed in a wide variety of presentations.

scholarly journals Synthesis and Characterization of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles and Applications in the Removal of Heavy Metals from Industrial Wastewater

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zuolian Cheng ◽  
Annie Lai Kuan Tan ◽  
Yong Tao ◽  
Dan Shan ◽  
Kok Eng Ting ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Maghemite Nanoparticles ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Toxic Heavy Metals ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Adsorption Data ◽  
Removal Of Heavy Metals

This study investigated the applicability of maghemite (γ-Fe2O3) nanoparticles for the selective removal of toxic heavy metals from electroplating wastewater. The maghemite nanoparticles of 60 nm were synthesized using a coprecipitation method and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). Batch experiments were carried out for the removal of Pb2+ions from aqueous solutions by maghemite nanoparticles. The effects of contact time, initial concentration of Pb2+ions, solution pH, and salinity on the amount of Pb2+removed were investigated. The adsorption process was found to be highly pH dependent, which made the nanoparticles selectively adsorb this metal from wastewater. The adsorption of Pb2+reached equilibrium rapidly within 15 min and the adsorption data were well fitted with the Langmuir isotherm.

scholarly journals Biotransportation of Heavy Metals in Eichhornia crassipes (MART.) Solms. Using X-Ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 09-21
Author(s):  
Hiren Soni ◽  
Sheju Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Eichhornia Crassipes ◽  
Aquatic Macrophyte ◽  
Translocation Factor ◽  
Active Species ◽  
Freshwater Ecosystems ◽  
Bioaccumulation Factor ◽  
Toxic Heavy Metals ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Freshwater Macrophyte

Biomonitoring study of heavy metals was done at pilgrimage freshwater ecosystems of Central Gujarat, India, to ascertain the degree of 17 metals. The study focused on the assessment of available metals in Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms., collected from sacred palustrine habitat (Dakor Sacred Wetland – DSW) of Gujarat, to be used as a biomonitor (active) species, in comparison with sediment (abiotic monitor) for metal pollution. The results were obtained by analyzing elemental composition of rhizome, tuber, stem and leaves of native aquatic freshwater macrophyte (Eichhornia crassipes) along with bottom sediments for 17 heavy metals (Ti, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Br, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, Sm, Ir) using Wavelength Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence (WD-XRF) (Omania Software). The highest concentrations were observed in rhizome (12) in assay species of aquatic macrophyte, followed by tuber and stem (10 each), and least content was observed in leaf (8). Toxic heavy metals (Ti, Mn, Fe, Zn, Br, Sr, Zr, Pb) were detected, prone to cardiac, respiratory, musculo-skeletal and hepatic interferences in indigenous human clusters in and around studied wetland. Eichhornia crassipes was proved to be the best phytoaccumaltor species for heavy metals, exhibited by highest translocation factor for Zn, Sr, Zr, and Pb, and bioaccumulation factor for Mn, Rb, Sr and Fe metals. Present research indicates that E. crassipes (Mart.) Solms. is better remediator species for mobility of Pb, Zr and Sr metals. Thus, Eichhornia crassipes can be used for an effective abatement of contaminated aquatic sites.

scholarly journals Formation of Palygorskite Clay from Treated Diatomite and its Application for the Removal of Heavy Metals from Aqueous Solution

Water ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Houwaida Nefzi ◽  
Manef Abderrabba ◽  
Sameh Ayadi ◽  
Jalel Labidi
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Adsorption Process ◽  
Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Toxic Heavy Metals ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Removal Of Heavy Metals ◽  
Pseudo Second Order ◽  
Worldwide Phenomenon ◽  
Palygorskite Clay

Environmental contamination by toxic heavy metals is a serious worldwide phenomenon. Thus, their removal is a crucial issue. In this study, we found an efficient adsorbent to remove Cu2+ and Ni2+ from aqueous solution using two materials. Chemical modification was used to obtain palygorskite clay from diatomite. The adsorbents were characterized using X-ray florescence, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. The effects of contact time, initial concentration, temperature and pH on the adsorption process were investigated. Our results showed that the (%) of maximum adsorption capacity of diatomite was 78.44% for Cu2+ at pH 4 and 77.3% for Ni2+ at pH 7, while the (%) of the maximum adsorption on palygorskite reached 91% for Cu2+ and 87.05% for Ni2+, in the same condition. The results indicate that the pseudo-second-order model can describe the adsorption process. Furthermore, the adsorption isotherms could be adopted by the Langmuir and the Freundlich models with good correlation coefficient (R2). Thus, our results showed that palygorskite prepared from Tunisian diatomite is a good adsorbent for the removal of heavy metals from water.

Determination of some heavy metals (Fe, Cu, Zn and Pb) in blood by total reflection X-ray fluorescence

2003 ◽  
Vol 107 ◽  
pp. 203-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Bounakhla ◽  
A. Doukkali ◽  
K. Lalaoui ◽  
H. Aguenaou ◽  
N. Mokhtar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Total Reflection ◽  
X Ray

ASSESSMENT OF HEAVY METAL CONCENTRATION IN COCONUT WATER

1970 ◽  
pp. 07-10
Author(s):  
MdDidarul Islam, Ashiqur Rahaman, Aboni Afrose
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Heavy Metal Concentration ◽  
Coconut Water ◽  
Toxic Heavy Metals ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Toxic Heavy Metal ◽  
Low Concentration ◽  
Wet Ashing ◽  
Aas Method

This study was based on determining concentration of essential and toxic heavy metal in coconut water available at a local Hazaribagh area in Dhaka, Bangladesh. All essential minerals, if present in the drinking water at high concentration or very low concentration, it has negative actions. In this study, fifteen samples and eight heavy metals were analyzed by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) method which was followed by wet ashing digestion method. The concentration obtained in mg/l were in the range of 0.3 to 1.5, 7.77 to 21.2, 0 to 0.71, 0 to 0.9, 0 to 0.2, 0.9 to 17.3, 0.1 to 0.9, 0 to 0.9 and 0 to 0.7 for Fe, Ni, Cu, Cd, Cr, Zn, Pb and Se respectively. From this data it was concluded that any toxic heavy metals like Cd, Cr, Pb and Ni exceed their toxicity level and some essential nutrients were in low concentration in those samples. 

Assessment of micro and macro nutrients in poultry feeds available in Dhaka city, Bangladesh.

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 264
Author(s):  
Md Didarul Islam ◽  
Ashiqur Rahaman ◽  
Fahmida Jannat
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Adverse Effect ◽  
The Other ◽  
Nutrient Level ◽  
Dhaka City ◽  
Toxic Heavy Metals ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Low Concentration ◽  
Feed Formulation ◽  
Macro Nutrients

This study was based on to determine the concentration of macro and micro nutrients as well as toxic and nontoxic heavy metals present in the chicken feed available in Dhaka city of Bangladesh. All macro nutrients, if present in the feed at high concentration have some adverse effect, at the same time if this nutrient present in the feed at low concentration this have some adverse effect too. So that this nutrient level should be maintained at a marginal level. On the other side toxic heavy metals if present in the feed at very low concentration those can contaminate the total environment of the ecosystem. In this study six brand samples (starter, grower, finisher and layer) which was collected from different renowned chicken feed formulation industry in Bangladesh. Those samples were prepared for analysis by wet ashing and then metals were determined by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy. It was found that 27.7 to 68.4, 57.3 to 121.9, 0.21 to 4.1, 0.32 to 2.1, 0.11 to 1.58, 0.28 to 2.11 and 0.28 to 1.78 for zinc, iron, copper, mercury, cadmium, nickel and cobalt respectively. It was found that essential macro and micro nutrients were present in the feed in low concentration on the other side mercury was present in high concentration in the feed samples.

Determination of Traces Heavy Metals from Solid Residues Formed by Combustion of Lignite in Relation to Degree of Accessibility in Soil and Plants

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (10) ◽  
pp. 2363-2366
Author(s):  
Delia Nica Badea
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Reference Value ◽  
Combustion Products ◽  
Toxic Heavy Metals ◽  
Area Of Influence ◽  
Risk Potential

The paper evaluates the presence and content of traces of heavy metals Hg, Pb, Ni, Cd (total forms) from coal and solid combustion products, the degree of transfer and accessibility in the area of influence of a lignite power plant. The content of toxic heavy metals in residues are characterized by RE Meiji [ 1 (Pb and Hg) and REMeij �1 (Ni and Cd) for the filter ash. Pb and Ni content in the soil exceeds normal values, and Pb exceeds and alert value for sensitive soils around the residue deposit (70.20 mg.Kg-1). The degree of accessibility of the metals in plants (TF), reported at the Khan reference value (0.5), indicates a significant bioaccumulation level for the metals: Cd (1.9) and Hg (0.6) inside the deposit; Cd (0.39) at the base of the deposit, Hg (0.8) in the area of the thermal power plant. The trace levels of heavy metals analyzed by GFAAS and CVAAS (Hg), indicates a moderate risk potential for food safety and quality of life in the studied area.

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