Hydrocele, Nuck Hydrocele: Standard Procedure

2016 ◽  
pp. 155-158
Author(s):  
Hitoshi Ikeda ◽  
Kazunori Tahara
Keyword(s):  
Standard Procedure

Evolution of the microstructure of Cu(Ti)/SiO2 layers annealed in NH3

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 452-453
Author(s):  
J. Liu ◽  
N. D. Theodore ◽  
D. Adams ◽  
S. Russell ◽  
T. L. Alford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Titanium Nitride ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Standard Procedure ◽  
Alloy Film ◽  
Electron Beam Evaporation ◽  
Copper Metallization ◽  
Nominal Composition ◽  
Ti Alloy ◽  
Thermally Grown

Copper-based metallization has recently attracted extensive research because of its potential application in ultra-large-scale integration (ULSI) of semiconductor devices. The feasibility of copper metallization is, however, limited due to its thermal stability issues. In order to utilize copper in metallization systems diffusion barriers such as titanium nitride and other refractory materials, have been employed to enhance the thermal stability of copper. Titanium nitride layers can be formed by annealing Cu(Ti) alloy film evaporated on thermally grown SiO2 substrates in an ammonia ambient. We report here the microstructural evolution of Cu(Ti)/SiO2 layers during annealing in NH3 flowing ambient.The Cu(Ti) films used in this experiment were prepared by electron beam evaporation onto thermally grown SiO2 substrates. The nominal composition of the Cu(Ti) alloy was Cu73Ti27. Thermal treatments were conducted in NH3 flowing ambient for 30 minutes at temperatures ranging from 450°C to 650°C. Cross-section TEM specimens were prepared by the standard procedure.

Are HOLZ lines kinematic in off-zone-axis orientation?

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 692-693
Author(s):  
J. M. Zuo ◽  
A. L. Weickenmeier ◽  
R. Holmestad ◽  
J. C. H. Spence
Keyword(s):  
Structure Determination ◽  
Standard Procedure ◽  
High Order ◽  
Zone Axis ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Line Position ◽  
Measured Intensity ◽  
Constant Intensity ◽  
Axis Orientation ◽  
Diffraction Condition

The application of high order reflections in a weak diffraction condition off the zone axis center, including those in high order laue zones (HOLZ), holds great promise for structure determination using convergent beam electron diffraction (CBED). It is believed that in this case the intensities of high order reflections are kinematic or two-beam like. Hence, the measured intensity can be related to the structure factor amplitude. Then the standard procedure of structure determination in crystallography may be used for solving unknown structures. The dynamic effect on HOLZ line position and intensity in a strongly diffracting zone axis is well known. In a weak diffraction condition, the HOLZ line position may be approximated by the kinematic position, however, it is not clear whether this is also true for HOLZ intensities. The HOLZ lines, as they appear in CBED patterns, do show strong intensity variations along the line especially near the crossing of two lines, rather than constant intensity along the Bragg condition as predicted by kinematic or two beam theory.

FORMULATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF FAST DISSOLVING TABLET OF METOCLOPRAMIDE: AN ANTI-EMETIC DRUG

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Avilash Carpenter ◽  
M.K. Gupta ◽  
Neetesh Kumar Jain ◽  
Urvashi Sharma ◽  
Rahul Sisodiya
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Strength ◽  
Standard Procedure ◽  
Flow Property ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Angle Of Repose ◽  
Dissolution Time ◽  
Disintegration Time ◽  
Powder Blend ◽  
Standard Curve ◽  
The Stability

Aim: The main of the study is to formulate and develop orally disintegrating fast dissolving tablet of Metoclopramide hydrochloride. Material & Methods: Before formulation and development of selected drug, the standard curve in buffer was prepared and absorbance at selected maxima was taken. Then two different disintegrating agents were selected and drug was mixed with disintegrating agents in different ratio. Various Preformulation parameters and evaluation of tablet i.e. disintegration time, dissolution time, friability, hardness, thickness were measured by standard procedure. Result & Discussion: The angle of repose for all the batches prepared. The values were found to be in the range of 30.46 to 36.45, which indicates good flow property for the powder blend according to the USP. The bulk density and tapped density for all the batches varied from 0.49 to 0.54 g/mL and 0.66 to 0.73, respectively. Carr’s index values were found to be in the range of 23.33 to 25.88, which is satisfactory for the powders as well as implies that the blends have good compressibility. Hausner ratio values obtained were in the range of 1.22 to 1.36, which shows a passable flow property for the powder blend based on the USP. The results for tablet thickness and height for all batches was found to range from 4.45 to 4.72 mm and 3.67 to 3.69 mm, respectively. Hardness or breaking force of tablets for all batches was found to range from 32.8 to 36.2 N. Tablet formulations must show good mechanical strength with sufficient hardness in order to handle shipping and transportation. Friability values for all the formulations were found to be in the range of 0.22 % to 0.30 %. Conclusion: Orally disintegrating tablets were compressed in order to have sufficient mechanical strength and integrity to withstand handling, shipping and transportation. The formulation was shown to have a rapid disintegration time that complied with the USP (less than one minute). The data obtained from the stability studies indicated that the orally disintegrating mini-tablets of MTH were stable under different environmental storage conditions. Keywords: Formulation & Development, Fast Dissolving Tablet, Metoclopramide, Anti-Emetic Drug, Oral Disintegrating Tablet

PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND LARVICIDAL EFFECT EVALUATION OF AZADIRACHTA INDICA (L) LEAF EXTRACT ON DERMESTES MACULATUS (DE GEER, 1774) INFESTATION OF SMOKED CLARIAS GARIEPINUS (BURCHELL, 1822)

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 41-45
Author(s):  
Sadam Sulaiman Indabo ◽  
Rufai Zakari
Keyword(s):  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Standard Procedure ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Range Finding ◽  
Dermestes Maculatus ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Fish Samples ◽  
Initial Source

Dermestes maculatus is a major pest of stored fish in Nigeria, fish is preserved with highly persistent synthetic chemicals. There have been an increasing effort at developing plant-based toxicants that are environmentally friendly. Therefore, this study was conducted to screen the leaf extract of Azadirachta indica for phytochemical constituents. The efficacy of the methanolic leaf extract of the plant against D. maculatus was also evaluated. The leaves of A. indica were obtained, processed and taken to laboratory for methanolic extraction. Phytochemical screening was carried out to identify saponins, flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, steroids, cardiac glycosides, glycosides, triterpenes and carbohydrates using standard procedure.  Both clean and infested samples of smoke-dried Clarias gariepinus were purchased from Sabon Gari Market, Zaria. The infested samples were used as initial source of D. maculatus larvae. Range finding test was carried out prior to the bioassay. During the bioassay, clean un-infested fish samples were weighed and introduced into kilner jars and respective dosages of 0.2g, 0.4g, 0.6g and 0.8g of extract were added. Another set of fish samples without the extract were maintained as control. The experiment was arranged in Completely Randomized Design with three replicates. Fifteen larvae of D. maculatus were introduced into both treated and control containers and covered. Mortality was recorded after 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours. Data obtained revealed an increase in mortality with increasing dose and time. Mortality ranged from 1.67 to 11.00. Therefore, leaf extract of A. indica should be incorporated in the development of larvicide against D. maculatus.   

Biochemical Profiles of Various Fresh Extracts of Gnaphalium polycaulon Pers

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (04) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shanmugapriya K. ◽  
T. Murugan ◽  
Thayumanavan Tha
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Analysis ◽  
South India ◽  
Standard Procedure ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Reducing Sugar ◽  
Total Lipids ◽  
Total Proteins ◽  
Total Carbohydrates ◽  
Biochemical Profiles ◽  
First Time

Medicinal plants plays a significant role in the pharmaceutical industry. In present scenario, the need is to explore, identify and utilize this new medicinal plant on one hand and, on the other, to help conserve the existing but threatened species of rare medicinal plant.This present research work was carry out for the first time in South India to analyse and estimate the biochemical profiles of various extracts of fresh parts of Gnaphalium polycaulon pers., plant. The biochemical composition such as total carbohydrates, total proteins, total lipids, total phenols, cholesterol, total chlorophylls and reducing sugar, sterols were estimated using the standard procedure in fresh plant material.The biochemical analysis of Gnaphalium polycaulon plant showed the presence of various phytochemicals. The results of the present study supplement the usage of the studied plant which possesses several bioactive compounds and used as food and also as medicine.The results of present studies demonstrated that Gnaphalium polycaulon plant could be a sourceof valuable information and a guideline for the scientists, researchers in India and also all over the world

Correlation Between Serological Makers and Immunofluorescence Deposits i n Kidney Tissue of Patients with Lupus Nephritis

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Haider S Al-Hadad ◽  
Aqeel Abbas Matrood ◽  
Maha Abdalrasool Almukhtar ◽  
Haider Jabur Kehiosh ◽  
Riyadh Muhi Al-Saegh
Keyword(s):  
Lupus Nephritis ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Kidney Biopsy ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Standard Procedure ◽  
Kidney Tissue ◽  
P Value ◽  
American College Of Rheumatology ◽  
Immune Deposits ◽  
Number Of Patients

Background: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease. Few biomarkers for SLE have been validated and widely accepted for the laboratory follow-up of inflammatory activity. In SLE patients, with lupus nephritis (LN), complement activation leads to fluctuation of serum C3 and C4 that are frequently used as clinicalm biomarker of disease activity in SLE. Patients and Methods: In this study the number of patients were 37, seven patients were excluded for incomplete data collection, 28 were females ,2 were males. The duration of the study is two years from 2015 to 2017. Patients were considered to have SLE and LN according to American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria, and International Society of Nephrology/ Renal Pathology Society (ISN/RPS). All patients were evaluated withm clinical presentation, laboratory investigations. Our patients underwent kidney biopsy according to standard procedure by Kerstin Amann, and their tissue specimens were studied in the laboratory with light microscope (LM) and immunofluorescence microscope reagents. The relationship between the serological markers and immunofluorescence deposits in kidney biopsy of all patients were studied using the statistical analysis of Pearson correlation and single table student's T test. A P value 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The granular pattern of IF deposits was present in all LN patients, and in more than two third of patients these IF deposits presented in glomerular, tubular, and mesangium sites. While less than one third of patients had IF deposits in the mesangium only. There was no statistically significant correlation between serum ANA, anti-dsDNA, and IF deposits of different types. There was significant correlation between serum C3 and C4 hypocomplementemia and IgG immune deposits in kidney biopsy, and there was significant relationship between serum C3 hypocomplementemia and full house immunofluorescence (FHIF) deposits inm kidney biopsy.Conclusions:Immunofluorescence deposits is mainly granular pattern in LN patients. There was no significant association between serum ANA, anti-dsDNA, and immune deposits in kidney tissue. Immunofluorescence deposits of IgG type correlates significantly with serum C3 and C4 hypocomplemetemia, and these immune deposits in association with low complement levels correlates with LN flare. There was significant correlation between C3 hypocomplementemia and FHIF.

FTIR, GC-MS and HPLC analysis of Baliospermum montanum (Willd.) Muell. Arg.

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 5059-5066
Author(s):  
Sushma B K ◽  
Raveesha H R
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Quantitative Estimation ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Standard Procedure ◽  
Naphthalene Acetic Acid ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Pentanoic Acid ◽  
Trimethylsilyl Ester ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Ms Analysis

The present work is aimed to determine the chemical constituents in Baliospermum montanum methanolic extracts. An in vitro regenerated procedure was developed for the induction of callus from stem explant cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium fortified with various concentration and permutations of 2, 4-dichloro phenoxy acetic acid, 1-naphthalene acetic acid, 6-benzyl amino purine and gibberellic acid. FTIR & GC-MS analysis was done according to standard procedure. The quantitative estimation of β-sitosterol was done by HPLC method. Maximum fresh and dry weight of callus was estimated in the combination of GA3 (0.5 mg/L) + NAA (2 mg/L) compared to other concentration. The FTIR analysis showed various functional compounds with different characteristic peak values in the extracts. Major bioactive constituents were recognized in the GC-MS analysis. Root extract revealed the existence of 1-hexadecanol, pentanoic acid, 2-(aminooxy)- and 1-hexacosanol. Leaf extract showed the presence of propanoic acid, 2-oxo-, trimethylsilyl ester, 9,12-octadecadienoic acid (z,z)-, trimethylsilyl ester, docosane, 1,22-dibromo- and pentatriacontane. Stem and stem derived callus exhibit the presence of 1,6,3,4-dihydro-2-deoxy-beta-d-lyxo-hexopyranose, n-hexadecanoic acid and pentanoic acid, 2-(aminooxy). The methanolic extract of leaf exhibited 0.2149 % of β-sitosterol content. There were no peaks observed in the root, stem and stem derived callus. Further studies are necessary for the isolation and characterization of bioactive compounds from B. montanum.

Assessing The COBIT Maturity Model in Manufacturing Company

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-115
Author(s):  
Johanes Fernandes Andry ◽  
Gunawan Wang ◽  
Gusti Ngurah Suryantara ◽  
Devi Yurisca Bernanda
Keyword(s):  
Information Systems ◽  
Business Processes ◽  
Standard Procedure ◽  
It Governance ◽  
Maturity Model ◽  
Maturity Level ◽  
It Alignment ◽  
Business Goals ◽  
Manufacturing Company ◽  
Effectiveness And Efficiency

PT Hema Indonesia is manufacturing company established in 2001 and has continued to grow. Nowadays the company has supported business processes in various companies, such as the use of information systems. The purpose of this research is to get an overview of the performance of information systems in order to determine the extent of maturity level which is currently running, with a few aspects to consider such as effectiveness and, efficiency. Implementing IT governance, however, is a challenge to organizations. To ensure IT alignment with business goals use standard COBIT. The analytical tool used is the standard procedure COBIT issued by ISACA. In this paper the method to be used is COBIT 4.1. Coverage of Audit IT Domain are Plan Organize (PO), such as PO4, PO5, PO7 and PO8. The conclusion that can be drawn from the research that has been done is IT governance at the company has been done, although still run optimally within each IT process contained in the sub domain average on level repeatable and defined proses.

Nutritional status of recently developed Makhana (Gorgon Nut) variety “Swarna Vaidehi”

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
LOKENDRA KUMAR ◽  
ANIL KUMAR SINGH ◽  
B. P. BHATT
Keyword(s):  
Standard Procedure ◽  
Manganese Content ◽  
Zinc Content ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Calcium Content ◽  
Total Carbohydrate ◽  
Local Cultivar ◽  
Euryale Ferox ◽  
Nutritional Profiling ◽  
Maximum Moisture Content

Makhana is an important aquatic, annual and seed propagated crop with gigantic floating leaves. It is known as Gorgon nut (Euryale ferox Salisb) belongs to family Nympheaceae. Swarna Vaidehi has been released as an ever first variety of makhana originated from selection-6. Nutritional profiling was undertaken for popped seeds of Swarna Vaidehi and local cultivar along with raw seeds of “Swarna Vaidehi”. Standard procedure was applied for nutritional profiling of the Makhana samples. Results reveled that maximum moisture content (34.7%) %) was recorded in case of raw seeds of swarna vaidehi. Maximum ash content (0.4%) was recorded in case popped seeds of both tested samples i.e. swarna vaidehi, lowest value (0.3%). Maximum seed protein (8.7%) was obtained by the swarna vaidehi. Maximum crude fiber (0.5%) was obtained in the raw seeds of swarna vaidehi as compare to popped one. Maximum total carbohydrate (79.8%) was recorded in popped seeds of swarna vaidehi; however the lowest value (57.0%) was also noticed in raw seeds of swarna vaidehi. It worth to notice that maximum calorific value (358) was recorded in popped seeds of swarna vaidehi. Maximum (18.5mg) calcium content was recorded in case of popped seeds of swarna vaidehi. Likewise maximum (1.3) manganese content was recorded in case of popped seeds of swarna vaidehi. It was worth to mention that maximum (1.1) zinc content was recorded in case of popped seeds of swarna vaidehi.

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