Bio-Oil and Pyrolytic Oil

2019 ◽  
pp. 181-219
Author(s):  
Soo-Young No
Keyword(s):  
Bio Oil ◽  
Pyrolytic Oil

Fuel Property of Pyrolytic-Oil from Para Rubber De-Oiled Seed Residue

2015 ◽  
Vol 781 ◽  
pp. 643-646
Author(s):  
Tanakorn Unpinit ◽  
Mallika Thabuot
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Degradation Behavior ◽  
Fuel Property ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Thermal Degradation Behavior ◽  
Clay Catalyst ◽  
Pyrolytic Oil ◽  
Loss Characteristic ◽  
Major Hydrocarbon

In this report, bio-oil was produced from the pyrolysis of Para Rubber de-oiled seed residue mixing with clay catalyst of 5-20%wt. under 400 to 600°C. Pyrolytic oil was determined for the thermal weight loss characteristic, heating value, structural and physical properties. Results showed the yield of pyrolytic oil increased with the increasing catalyst percentage, maximum yield of 24.59%wt. was revealed from the pyrolysis at 550°C. Using clay catalyst of 5%wt. at 400°C gave bio-oil with the highest heating value up to 49.17 MJ/kg. While pyrolytic oil which obtained from the mixture of de-oiled seed residue and 10%wt. clay at 400°C showed the thermal degradation behavior in the range of diesel and gasoline. All pyrolytic oils produced in this study have the major hydrocarbon structure of C-H stretching as investigated by FTIR. However, this product should be upgraded to get better properties closed to the commercial fuel.

scholarly journals Co-Pyrolysis of Biomass Solid Waste and Aquatic Plants

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Emdadul Hoque ◽  
Fazlur Rashid
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Aquatic Plants ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Biomass Waste ◽  
Pyrolysis Method ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Pyrolytic Oil ◽  
Pyrolysis Of Biomass ◽  
Conventional Fuel

Reduction of conventional fuel has encouraged to find new sources of renewable energy. Oil produced from the pyrolysis method using biomass is considered as an emerging source of renewable energy. Pyrolytic oil produced in pyrolysis needs to be upgraded to produce bio-oil that can be used with conventional fuel. However, pyrolytic oil contains high amounts of oxygen that lower the calorific value of fuel, creates corrosion, and makes the operation unstable. On the other hand, the up-gradation process of pyrolytic oil involves solvent and catalyst material that requires a high cost. In this regard, the co-pyrolysis method can be used to upgrade the pyrolytic oil where two or more feedstock materials are involved. The calorific value and oil yield in the co-pyrolysis method are higher than pyrolytic oil. Also, the upgraded oil in the co-pyrolysis method contains low water that can improve the fuel property. Therefore, the co-pyrolysis of biomass waste is an emerging source of energy. Among different biomasses, solid waste and aquatic plants are significantly used as feedstock in the co-pyrolysis method. As a consequence, pressure on conventional fuel can be reduced to fulfill the demand for global energy. Moreover, the associated operating and production cost of the co-pyrolysis method is comparatively low. This method also reduces environmental pollution.

Phenolic Rich Components Identification of Heavy Oil Fractions of Biomass Pyrolytic Oil for Epoxy Resin Binder

2014 ◽  
Vol 554 ◽  
pp. 332-336
Author(s):  
Murtala Musa Ahmed ◽  
Noor Shawal Nasri ◽  
Rahmat Mohsin ◽  
Usman Dadum Hamza ◽  
Jibril Mohammed
Keyword(s):  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Heavy Oil ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Phenolic Components ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Oil Fractions ◽  
Light Oil ◽  
Pyrolytic Oil ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectroscopy

Identification and assessment of phenol and phenolic rich components of heavy oil fractions of biomass pyrolytic oil were conducted. The original bio-oil used for this study was derived from the pyrolysis of empty fruit bunch (EFB). It was separated into water soluble (light oil) and water insoluble (heavy oil) components by mixing it with water at 2:1 V/V ratio under ambient condition with vigorous stirring using centrifuge for 30mins. The raw bio-oil and the heavy oil fractions were later characterized using Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) and Gas chromatography-Mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) techniques in order to identify the function groups present and their compositions. The GC-MS results for the heavy oil indicated a high concentration of phenol and phenolic components, which was strongly supported by the presence of OH group (characteristic of phenol) from FTIR analysis. Utilization of bio-oil which was known to have a significant amount of phenol and phenolic rich components for phenolic, novolac or epoxy resin manufacture would significantly reduce the cost and negative environmental effects of the fossil-based resins.

scholarly journals Production of Bio-Oil from Municipal Solid Waste by Pyrolysis

1970 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Saiful Islam ◽  
M Yunus Miah ◽  
Mohammad Ismail ◽  
Mohammad Shah Jamal ◽  
Sujit Kumar Banik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Tubular Reactor ◽  
Gaseous Mixture ◽  
Fuel Properties ◽  
Experimental Result ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Pyrolytic Oil ◽  
Oil Fuel

Municipal solid waste was pyrolyzed in a tubular reactor under vacuum. The effect of pyrolysis temperature and holding time on the product yields were investigated and the optimum conditions for pyrolysis were settled. The products of the pyrolysis were liquid pyrolytic oil, solid char and gaseous mixture. The pyro-oil was collected in a series of ice-cooled collectors. The uncondensed gas was blown off and the solid char was collected from the pyrolyser as a residue. The pyro-oil was then analyzed for fuel properties and chemical composition. The experimental result of gas chromatography & mass spectroscopy showed that the pyro-oil derived from the pyrolysis of municipal solid waste contained considerable amounts of carbonyl groups and/or oxygen content, resulting in low pH and low heating value. Key words: Municipal solid waste; Pyrolysis; Yield; Pyrolytic oil; Fuel properties; Chemical composition DOI: 10.3329/bjsir.v45i2.5703Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 45(2), 91-94, 2010

Preparation of Epoxy-Novolac Resin Binder Using Phenolic Rich Fractions of Biomass Pyrolytic Oil as Partial Substitute of Phenol

2014 ◽  
Vol 554 ◽  
pp. 101-105
Author(s):  
Murtala Musa Ahmed ◽  
Noor Shawal Nasri ◽  
Rahmat Mohsin ◽  
Usman Dadum Hamza ◽  
Jibril Mohammed
Keyword(s):  
Epoxy Resins ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Heavy Fraction ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Environment Effects ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Resin Binder ◽  
Pyrolytic Oil ◽  
The Cost

Epoxy resins are among the basic components for coatings manufacture but because of their cost and environment effects, some environmental protection regulations have restricted the use of chemicals considered toxic. The potential of using phenolic rich fractions of bio-oil derived from the pyrolysis of a sustainable agricultural waste for epoxy resin synthesis was investigated. Epoxy resins with different concentration of water-insoluble heavy fraction were synthesized. The bio-oil, heavy fraction and prepared resins were later characterized using Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR), Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). FTIR and GC-MS results confirmed the presence of phenols on both the bio-oil and heavy fraction with heavy fraction having a higher concentration. DSC analysis showed a corresponding increase on curing time of the resins with increased quantity of phenolic rich components. FTIR analysis of the resin indicated high-ortho structure. Utilization of bio-oil as a source of phenol for epoxy resins manufacture would significantly reduce the cost and negative environmental effects of the current resins.

scholarly journals Pyrolysis of Solid Waste for Bio-Oil and Char Production in Refugees’ Camp: A Case Study

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (13) ◽  
pp. 3861
Author(s):  
Ebtihal A. AlDayyat ◽  
Motasem N. Saidan ◽  
Zayed Al-Hamamre ◽  
Mohammad Al-Addous ◽  
Malek Alkasrawi
Keyword(s):  
Solid Waste ◽  
Elemental Analysis ◽  
Gaseous Mixture ◽  
Volatile Matter ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Heat Value ◽  
Reactor Types ◽  
Pyrolytic Oil ◽  
Physical And Chemical

The current research focuses on assessing the potential of municipal solid waste (MSW) conversion into biofuel using pyrolysis process. The MSW samples were taken from Zaatari Syrian Refugee Camp. The physical and chemical characteristics of MSW were studied using proximate and elemental analysis. The results showed that moisture content of MSW is 32.3%, volatile matter (VM) is 67.99%, fixed carbon (FC) content is 5.46%, and ash content is 24.33%. The chemical analysis was conducted using CHNS analyzer and found that the percentage of elements contents: 46% Carbon (C) content, 12% Hydrogen (H2), 2% Nitrogen (N2), 44% Oxygen (O2), and higher heat value (HHV) is 26.14 MJ/kg. The MSW pyrolysis was conducted using tubular fluidized bed reactor (FBR) under inert gas (Nitrogen) at 500 °C with 20 °C/min heating rate and using average particles size 5–10 mm. The products of MSW pyrolysis reaction were: pyrolytic liquid, solid char, and gaseous mixture. The pyrolytic oil and residual char were analyzed using Elemental Analyzer and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The results of FTIR showed that oil product has considerable amounts of alkenes, alkanes, and carbonyl groups due to high organic compounds contents in MSW. The elemental analysis results showed that oil product content consists of 55% C, 37% O2, and the HHV is 20.8 MJ/kg. The elemental analysis of biochar showed that biochar content consists of 47% C, 49% O2, and HHV is 11.5 MJ/kg. Further research is recommended to study the effects of parameters as reactor types and operating conditions to assess the feasibility of MSW pyrolysis, in addition to the environmental impact study which is necessary to identify and predict the relevant environmental effects of this process.

scholarly journals Co-Pyrolysis of Neem Wood Bark and Low-Density Polyethylene: Lnfluence of Plastic on Pyrolysis Product Distribution and Bio-Oil Characterization

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Venkatachalam Selvaraj Kaushik ◽  
Chandrasekaran Sowmya Dhanalakshmi ◽  
Petchimuthu Madhu ◽  
Palanisamy Tamilselvam
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Pyrolysis Product ◽  
Product Distribution ◽  
Low Density Polyethylene ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Oxygenated Compounds ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Wood Bark ◽  
Pyrolytic Oil

Abstract In this study, the investigation on effect of plastic during co-pyrolysis with biomass has been carried out in a fixed reactor. Pyrolysis of neem wood bark (NB), low density polyethylene (LDPE) and their blends at different ratios is performed in order to evaluate the product distribution. The effects of reaction temperature, NB-to-LDPE blend ratio on product distribution and chemical compositions of bio-oil are examined. The co-pyrolysis of NB and LDPE increased the yield and quality of the bio-oil. The experiments are conducted under different LDPE addition percentage such as 20%, 40%, 50%, 60% and 80%. Under the optimum experimental condition of 60% addition of LDPE and temperature of 450°C, the maximum yield of bio-oil (64.8 wt%) and hydrocarbon (75.2%) are achieved with the lowest yield of oxygenated compounds. The calorific value of the co-pyrolytic oil is found to be higher than that of NB pyrolytic oil. The relation between NB and LDPE during co-pyrolysis has been validated by GC–MS analysis, which shows in decrease of oxygenated compounds.

Characterization of Pyrolytic Oil and Char Obtained from Sugarcane Bagasse Pyrolysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 75-84
Author(s):  
Ahmed Gaber H. Saif ◽  
Seddik S. Wahid ◽  
Mohamed R.O. Ali
Keyword(s):  
Sugarcane Bagasse ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Molecular Formula ◽  
Chemical Product ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Pyrolytic Oil

Sugarcane bagasse pyrolysis in a fixed-bed reactor has been studied. The Pyrolytic oil and char obtained were characterized to determine their feasibility as fuels and chemical reagent in other processes. The runs were performed under the following conditions: temperature from 350°C–600°C, sample size of 0.5–1 mm, and an inert gas flow rate of 200 cm3/min. The study aimed to characterize the obtained oil and char to determine their feasibility as source of energy and chemical product. The product has been characterized by different techniques including gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The obtained bio-oil exhibited a molecular formula of CH1.03O0.28 N0.012 and a higher heating value (HHV) of 27.68 MJ/kg. These results indicated that it could be used after refining as a source of fuel and produced a chemical product. In addition, the obtained biochar (HHV = 31.53 MJ/kg) can be used as a solid fuel.

scholarly journals Esterification of Microwave Pyrolytic Oil from Palm Oil Kernel Shell

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharifah Mona Abdul Aziz ◽  
Rafeah Wahi ◽  
Zainab Ngaini ◽  
Sinin Hamdan ◽  
Syamila Aimi Yahaya
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Microwave Pyrolysis ◽  
Palm Kernel Shell ◽  
Commercial Use ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Additional Process ◽  
Pyrolytic Oil

Microwave pyrolysis is a potential for producing alternative fuel from biomass, such as palm kernel shell (PKS). However, the resulting microwave pyrolytic oil (bio-oil) was highly acidic and has low calorific value and therefore must undergo additional process to improve the physicochemical properties. In this study, attempt was made to improve the pH and calorific value of bio-oil produced from PKS via esterification process. The effect of esterification with ethanol in the presence of sulphuric acid as a catalyst on selected biodiesel qualities was also investigated. The esterification process has successfully improved the pH value from 3.37 to 5.09–5.12 and the calorific value was increased from 27.19 to 34.78–41.52 MJ/kg. Conclusively, the EO has comparatively better properties in terms of its smell, pH, calorific value, and absence of environmentally undesirable compounds. However, future works should include ASTM 6751 specifications tests for biodiesel to evaluate the bio-oil’s suitability for commercial use.

scholarly journals Recent Catalytic Advances in Hydrotreatment Processes of Pyrolysis Bio-Oil

Catalysts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Bagnato ◽  
Aimaro Sanna ◽  
Emilia Paone ◽  
Enrico Catizzone
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Reaction Pathways ◽  
Synthetic Fuels ◽  
Lignocellulosic Residues ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Fuels And Chemicals ◽  
Pyrolytic Oil

Catalytic hydrotreatment (HT) is one of the most important refining steps in the actual petroleum-based refineries for the production of fuels and chemicals, and it will play also a crucial role for the development of biomass-based refineries. In fact, the utilization of HT processes for the upgrading of biomass and/or lignocellulosic residues aimed to the production of synthetic fuels and chemical intermediates represents a reliable strategy to reduce both carbon dioxide emissions and fossil fuels dependence. At this regard, the catalytic hydrotreatment of oils obtained from either thermochemical (e.g., pyrolysis) or physical (e.g., vegetable seeds pressing) processes allows to convert biomass-derived oils into a biofuel with properties very similar to conventional ones (so-called drop-in biofuels). Similarly, catalytic hydro-processing also may have a key role in the valorization of other biorefinery streams, such as lignocellulose, for the production of high-added value chemicals. This review is focused on recent hydrotreatment developments aimed to stabilizing the pyrolytic oil from biomasses. A particular emphasis is devoted on the catalyst formulation, reaction pathways, and technologies.

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