scholarly journals Pyrolysis of Solid Waste for Bio-Oil and Char Production in Refugees’ Camp: A Case Study

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (13) ◽  
pp. 3861
Author(s):  
Ebtihal A. AlDayyat ◽  
Motasem N. Saidan ◽  
Zayed Al-Hamamre ◽  
Mohammad Al-Addous ◽  
Malek Alkasrawi
Keyword(s):  
Solid Waste ◽  
Elemental Analysis ◽  
Gaseous Mixture ◽  
Volatile Matter ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Heat Value ◽  
Reactor Types ◽  
Pyrolytic Oil ◽  
Physical And Chemical

The current research focuses on assessing the potential of municipal solid waste (MSW) conversion into biofuel using pyrolysis process. The MSW samples were taken from Zaatari Syrian Refugee Camp. The physical and chemical characteristics of MSW were studied using proximate and elemental analysis. The results showed that moisture content of MSW is 32.3%, volatile matter (VM) is 67.99%, fixed carbon (FC) content is 5.46%, and ash content is 24.33%. The chemical analysis was conducted using CHNS analyzer and found that the percentage of elements contents: 46% Carbon (C) content, 12% Hydrogen (H2), 2% Nitrogen (N2), 44% Oxygen (O2), and higher heat value (HHV) is 26.14 MJ/kg. The MSW pyrolysis was conducted using tubular fluidized bed reactor (FBR) under inert gas (Nitrogen) at 500 °C with 20 °C/min heating rate and using average particles size 5–10 mm. The products of MSW pyrolysis reaction were: pyrolytic liquid, solid char, and gaseous mixture. The pyrolytic oil and residual char were analyzed using Elemental Analyzer and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The results of FTIR showed that oil product has considerable amounts of alkenes, alkanes, and carbonyl groups due to high organic compounds contents in MSW. The elemental analysis results showed that oil product content consists of 55% C, 37% O2, and the HHV is 20.8 MJ/kg. The elemental analysis of biochar showed that biochar content consists of 47% C, 49% O2, and HHV is 11.5 MJ/kg. Further research is recommended to study the effects of parameters as reactor types and operating conditions to assess the feasibility of MSW pyrolysis, in addition to the environmental impact study which is necessary to identify and predict the relevant environmental effects of this process.

scholarly journals Production of Bio-Oil from Municipal Solid Waste by Pyrolysis

1970 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Saiful Islam ◽  
M Yunus Miah ◽  
Mohammad Ismail ◽  
Mohammad Shah Jamal ◽  
Sujit Kumar Banik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Tubular Reactor ◽  
Gaseous Mixture ◽  
Fuel Properties ◽  
Experimental Result ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Pyrolytic Oil ◽  
Oil Fuel

Municipal solid waste was pyrolyzed in a tubular reactor under vacuum. The effect of pyrolysis temperature and holding time on the product yields were investigated and the optimum conditions for pyrolysis were settled. The products of the pyrolysis were liquid pyrolytic oil, solid char and gaseous mixture. The pyro-oil was collected in a series of ice-cooled collectors. The uncondensed gas was blown off and the solid char was collected from the pyrolyser as a residue. The pyro-oil was then analyzed for fuel properties and chemical composition. The experimental result of gas chromatography & mass spectroscopy showed that the pyro-oil derived from the pyrolysis of municipal solid waste contained considerable amounts of carbonyl groups and/or oxygen content, resulting in low pH and low heating value. Key words: Municipal solid waste; Pyrolysis; Yield; Pyrolytic oil; Fuel properties; Chemical composition DOI: 10.3329/bjsir.v45i2.5703Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 45(2), 91-94, 2010

scholarly journals Co-Pyrolysis of Biomass Solid Waste and Aquatic Plants

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Emdadul Hoque ◽  
Fazlur Rashid
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Aquatic Plants ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Biomass Waste ◽  
Pyrolysis Method ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Pyrolytic Oil ◽  
Pyrolysis Of Biomass ◽  
Conventional Fuel

Reduction of conventional fuel has encouraged to find new sources of renewable energy. Oil produced from the pyrolysis method using biomass is considered as an emerging source of renewable energy. Pyrolytic oil produced in pyrolysis needs to be upgraded to produce bio-oil that can be used with conventional fuel. However, pyrolytic oil contains high amounts of oxygen that lower the calorific value of fuel, creates corrosion, and makes the operation unstable. On the other hand, the up-gradation process of pyrolytic oil involves solvent and catalyst material that requires a high cost. In this regard, the co-pyrolysis method can be used to upgrade the pyrolytic oil where two or more feedstock materials are involved. The calorific value and oil yield in the co-pyrolysis method are higher than pyrolytic oil. Also, the upgraded oil in the co-pyrolysis method contains low water that can improve the fuel property. Therefore, the co-pyrolysis of biomass waste is an emerging source of energy. Among different biomasses, solid waste and aquatic plants are significantly used as feedstock in the co-pyrolysis method. As a consequence, pressure on conventional fuel can be reduced to fulfill the demand for global energy. Moreover, the associated operating and production cost of the co-pyrolysis method is comparatively low. This method also reduces environmental pollution.

Monitoring of Fluctuations in the Physical and Chemical Properties of a High-Calcium Fly Ash

1987 ◽  
Vol 113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott Schlorholtz ◽  
Ken Bergeson ◽  
Turgut Demirel
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
High Calcium ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

ABSTRACTThe physical and chemical properties of fly ash produced at Ottumwa Generating Station have been monitored since April, 1985. The fly ash is produced from burning a low sulfur, sub-bituminous coal obtained from the Powder River Basin near Gillette, Wyoming. One-hundred and sixty samples of fly ash were obtained during the two year period. All of the samples were subjected to physical testing as specified by ASTM C 311. About one-hundred of the samples were also subjected to a series of tests designed to monitor the self-cementing properties of the fly ash. Many of the fly ash samples were subjected to x-ray diffraction and fluorescence analysis to define the mineralogical and chemical composition of the bulk fly ash as a function of sampling date. Hydration products in selected hardened fly ash pastes, were studied by x-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The studies indicated that power plant operating conditions influenced the compressive strength of the fly ash paste specimens. Mineralogical and morphological studies of the fly ash pastes indicated that stratlingite formation occurred in the highstrength specimens, while ettringite was the major hydration product evident in the low-strength specimens.

scholarly journals Fixed bed pyrolysis of biomass solid waste for bio-oil

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Nurul Islam ◽  
Mohamed Hairol Md Ali ◽  
Miftah Haziq
Keyword(s):  
Solid Waste ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Pyrolysis Of Biomass

scholarly journals Potential And Characteristics Of Eichhornia Crassipes Biomass And Municipal Solid Waste As Raw Materials For RDF In Co-Firing Coal Power Plants

2021 ◽  
Vol 926 (1) ◽  
pp. 012009
Author(s):  
S A C R Darmawan ◽  
A L Sihombing ◽  
D G Cendrawati
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Eichhornia Crassipes ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Volatile Matter ◽  
Sample Test ◽  
Value Range ◽  
The Government

Abstract The government has regulated the use of RDF biomass for coal co-firing in power plants. This paper examines biomass (Eichhornia Crassipes and municipal solid waste) characteristics and its potential use as RDF for co-firing in CPP. The method includes the analysis of the composition, supply of raw materials, and biomass characteristics. These results will compare with the coal’s characteristics in CPP. The density of Eichhornia Crassipes in Lake Tondano was 25 kg/m2, with the wet mass of 45,350 tons. The results of the Eichhornia Crassipes sample test for parameters of moisture content, volatile matter, ash content, fix carbon and gross calorific value have a value range of 93%, 5.8-7.1%, 60.21-63.5%, 17.9-22%, 11.4% and 2681-3068 kcal/kg. Amurang CPP uses coal with 4200 kcal/kg calories as much as 1056 tons/day. The co-firing target of 5% requires 52.8 tons of biomass per day. The existing Eichhornia Crassipes biomass in Lake Tondano only supplies the CPP for 62 days. MSW typically has calorific values and moisture with Eichhornia Crassipes biomass, about 3766-4194 kcal/kg and 31.7-87.1%. The use of MSW to cover the lack of Eichhornia Crassipes will ensure the sustainability of the supply of biomass raw materials in the co-firing program at CPP.

scholarly journals Experimental Study on Hydrothermal Carbonization of Lignocellulosic Biomass with Magnesium Chloride for Solid Fuel Production

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Carrasco ◽  
Javier Silva ◽  
Ernesto Pino-Cortés ◽  
Jaime Gómez ◽  
Fidel Vallejo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lignocellulosic Biomass ◽  
Solid Fuel ◽  
Magnesium Chloride ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Hydrothermal Carbonization ◽  
Volatile Matter ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Energy Yield ◽  
Mass Yield

The effect of magnesium chloride as an additive of hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of lignocellulosic biomass (Pinus radiata sawdust) was studied. The HTC tests were carried out at fixed conditions of temperature and residence time of 220 °C and 1 h, respectively, and varying the dose of magnesium chloride in the range 0.0–1.0 g MgCl2/g biomass. The carbonized product (hydrochar) was tested in order to determine its calorific value (HHV) while using PARR 6100 calorimeter, mass yield by gravimetry, elemental analysis using a LECO TruSpec elemental analyzer, volatile matter content, and ash content were obtained by standardized procedures using suitable ovens for it. The results show that using a dose of 0.75 g MgCl2/g biomass results in an impact on the mass yield that was almost equal to change operating conditions from 220 to 270 °C and from 0.5 to 1 h, without additive. Likewise, the calorific value increases by 33% for this additive dose, resulting in an energy yield of 68%, thus generating a solid fuel of prominent characteristics.

scholarly journals Electrolytes and its additives used in aluminum reduction cell: a review

2019 ◽  
Vol 116 (4) ◽  
pp. 410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sai Krishna Padamata ◽  
Andrey S. Yasinskiy ◽  
Petr V. Polyakov
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Specific Energy Consumption ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Cell Voltage ◽  
Aluminum Reduction Cell ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Aluminum Reduction ◽  
Reduction Cell ◽  
Vital Functions ◽  
Physical And Chemical

The electrolyte is considered to play the role of blood in an aluminum reduction cell and performs several vital functions as the charge transfer, the mass dissolution and transfer, the electrode products separation and the electrical work dissipation. The proper performance of listed functions is completely determined by the physical and chemical properties, which namely are the electrical conductivity, the viscosity, the vapor pressure, the liquidus and solidus temperatures, the density, the surface tension, the solubility and the dissolution rate of oxides, aluminum, carbon and the various connections and by operating conditions, which namely are the temperature, the current density, the anode-cathode distance, etc. The electrolyte affects the current efficiency and the cell voltage, which determines the specific energy consumption and the total cost of aluminum. This is the reason why different electrolytes and additives have been in the spotlight of the researchers and the enterprises for decades. This article presents the brief information about the influence of additives in the cell utilizing traditionally used sodium cryolite and different low-temperature electrolytes on physical-chemical properties and concentrates on the latest works which have not been included in widely known textbooks. The article also contains new experimental results obtained by the authors and devoted to the effective electrical conductivity of suspended unconventional electrolytes.

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