Biomaterials and Bioceramics—Part 1: Traditional, Natural, and Nano

2022 ◽  
pp. 1-45
Author(s):  
Andy H. Choi
Keyword(s):  
Traditional Natural

The Rain Calls of Frogs and the Reigning Paradigm of American Herpetology

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-35
Author(s):  
Gordon L. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Animal Communication ◽  
The United States ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Breeding Sites ◽  
Gradual Disappearance ◽  
The Times ◽  
Traditional Natural ◽  
Breeding Seasons ◽  
The Comparative Study

American zoologists and herpetologists during the past fifty years have successfully deciphered the mating calls of frogs and toads with ever increasing precision and sophistication. However, the vocalizations most commonly termed “rain calls,” which typically occur beyond both normal breeding seasons and breeding sites, have remained a persistent puzzle. This article traces the gradual disappearance of rain calls, along with a corresponding decline in any mention of emotional states, from herpetological studies of anuran vocalizations in the United States from the middle of the twentieth century to the present and examines the historical roots of this disappearance. This evaporation of rain calls is indicative of a much larger change in the scientific climate of the times involving the transition from traditional natural history to the Neo-Darwinian, adaptationist paradigm of contemporary biology. Rain calls thus increasingly became anomalous, thereby eliminating a possibly fruitful line of inquiry in the comparative study of human-animal communication, in this case with evolution's earliest vocalizers. The contours and benefits of a more encompassing paradigm, envisioned by some leading early twentieth-century zoologists, are briefly discussed.

The Case for Mom and Dad

2021 ◽  
Vol 88 (2) ◽  
pp. 184-201
Author(s):  
D. Paul Sullins
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Outcomes ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Biological Father ◽  
Child Emotional Problems ◽  
Child Distress ◽  
Biological Mother ◽  
Biological Parents ◽  
Extensive Body ◽  
Traditional Natural ◽  
Health And Academic Achievement

Is the system of norms comprising traditional, natural marriage—featuring formally enacted, irrevocable, exclusive man/woman sexual union preceded by chastity—essential for children’s development and well-being, as Catholic teaching asserts? Review of an extensive body of diverse research finds that, compared to children continuously living with two parents, married parents, or their own biological parents, children in other family arrangements consistently experience lower emotional well-being, physical health, and academic achievement. Competing research has variously attributed this difference to a lack of married parents, two parents, complementary man/woman parents, or family stability, but these possibilities have not previously been studied in combination. To address this question, family structure differences and determinants of child well-being (reverse coded to show child distress) were examined using the 2008–2018 National Health Interview Surveys ( n = 82,635). Adjusted odds ratios (AOR) for child emotional problems were higher with less than two parents (AOR = 1.42, 95% CI 1.27–1.56), unmarried parents (1.46, 95% CI 1.31–1.61), unstable parents (1.55, 95% CI 1.27–1.76), or less than two biological parents (AOR = 1.70, 95% CI 1.55–2.87 for one biological parent; 4.77, 95% CI 3.95–5.77 for no biological parents). When combined in the same model, only the lack of joint biological parentage accounted for higher distress, with outcomes significantly worse without the biological father than without the biological mother (interaction AOR = 1.33, 95% CI 1.04–1.71). This evidence strongly supports the claim that maximum child development occurs only in the persistent care of both of the child’s own biological parents. Marriage benefits children primarily by ensuring such care. Implications are discussed. Summary: Children raised apart from the care of both natural parents consistently experience lower developmental outcomes. Traditional, religious marriage norms—a lifelong, exclusive sexual union between man and woman—benefit children by establishing strong conditions that promote such care. More than any other family arrangement, marriage assures to children the care of their own mom and dad.

Role of alternative and renewable energy sources in assurance of Azerbaijan’s energy security

2020 ◽  
pp. 57-62
Author(s):  
G.S. Suleimanov ◽  
◽  
G.N. Safarova ◽  
A.I. Mirheydarova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Security ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Implementation Process ◽  
World Market ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Traditional Natural ◽  
Oil Gas

The paper studies the role of alternative and renewable energy sources (ARES) in the maintenance of Azerbaijan’s energy security. In the view of annual depletion of reserves capacity of such traditional natural resources as the oil, gas, coal, shale and the environmental disorder in their usage, as well as considering the fact of their implementation as the major pressure means serving to the geopolitical interests of the countries, due to the instability and variability of the fuel types prices in the world market, the necessity of surveying new alternative and renewable energy sources in the region is marked. It is pointed out that wide-scale recovery of alternative and renewable energy sources in Azerbaijan will lead to the involving of oil-gas raw into the petrochemical industry, to the decrease of degree of the harmful man-made effect on the environment in the process of energy production, as well as to the significant reduction of economic dependence on the various fuel types. The methods of increasing the production capacity of alternative energies in the strengthening of country’s energetic safety by the acceleration of implementation process of alternative and renewable energy sources were studied and the significance of the development of oil concept considered the essential of long-term maintenance of national energy safety marked as well.

scholarly journals Management of Cardiorenal Metabolic Syndrome in Diabetes Mellitus: A Phytotherapeutic Perspective

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Kyong Song ◽  
Neal M. Davies ◽  
Basil D. Roufogalis ◽  
Tom Hsun-Wei Huang
Keyword(s):  
Complex Disease ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Cardiorenal Syndrome ◽  
Current Therapy ◽  
Novel Therapies ◽  
Development Of Resistance ◽  
Feedback Cycle ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Traditional Natural ◽  
Natural Medicines

Cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) is a complex disease in which the heart and kidney are simultaneously affected and their deleterious declining functions are reinforced in a feedback cycle, with an accelerated progression. Although the coexistence of kidney and heart failure in the same individual carries an extremely bad prognosis, the exact cause of deterioration and the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the initiation and maintenance of the interaction are complex, multifactorial in nature, and poorly understood. Current therapy includes diuretics, natriuretic hormones, aquaretics (arginine vasopressin antagonists), vasodilators, and inotropes. However, large numbers of patients still develop intractable disease. Moreover, the development of resistance to many standard therapies, such as diuretics and inotropes, has led to an increasing movement toward utilization and development of novel therapies. Herbal and traditional natural medicines may complement or provide an alternative to prevent or delay the progression of CRS. This review provides an analysis of the possible mechanisms and the therapeutic potential of phytotherapeutic medicines for the amelioration of the progression of CRS.

scholarly journals Adsorption-Kinetic Studies of Mordant Exhaust Dyeing of Cotton and Silk Fabrics with Dye Extract of M. lucida Plant Species

2021 ◽  
Vol 75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janani Loum ◽  
Robert Byamukama ◽  
P.A.G. Wanyama
Keyword(s):  
Adsorption Isotherms ◽  
Freundlich Isotherm ◽  
Kinetic Studies ◽  
Isotherm Models ◽  
Freundlich Model ◽  
Reaction Orders ◽  
Dyed Fabrics ◽  
Silk Fabrics ◽  
Exhaust Dyeing ◽  
Traditional Natural

ABSTRACT The kinetics and adsorption isotherms of the extremely slow traditional natural exhaust dyeing that takes many hours or days have been studied purposely to find means of improving the process. The dyeing of cotton and silk fabrics using dye extract of M. lucida at 50 °C were elucidated with graphs to predict the reaction orders and identify the appropriate adsorption isotherm model(s). Since the dye is UV active, changes in UV absorbance were used in place of changes in concentrations. The simultaneous and post mordanting methods followed pseudo-second-order reactions, hence chemisorption. However, mordant application to the dyed fabrics during post mordant followed a pseudo-first-order model, largely physisorption. Dyeing has followed Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models with linear correlation r2 ranging between 1 and 0.998. From the Freundlich model and values of Langmuir constant RL (0.9307 to 1.0), the process is homogeneous, forming a favourable and linear monolayer. Accordingly, the dyeing speed can be improved by increasing the concentration of dye liquor. Additionally, according to the Freundlich model, higher dye intensity on fabrics is recorded in post mordanting. Keywords: adsorption isotherms, equilibrium, exhaust dyeing, mordant, rate law

scholarly journals Seeing the Unseen of the Combination of Two Natural Resins, Frankincense and Myrrh: Changes in Chemical Constituents and Pharmacological Activities

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (17) ◽  
pp. 3076 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Cao ◽  
Xi-Chuan Wei ◽  
Xiao-Rong Xu ◽  
Hai-Zhu Zhang ◽  
Chuan-Hong Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Pharmacological Effects ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Channel Characteristics ◽  
Natural Resins ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
Traditional Natural ◽  
Natural Drugs

For the treatment of diseases, especially chronic diseases, traditional natural drugs have more effective therapeutic advantages because of their multi-target and multi-channel characteristics. Among many traditional natural medicines, resins frankincense and myrrh have been proven to be effective in the treatment of inflammation and cancer. In the West, frankincense and myrrh have been used as incense in religious and cultural ceremonies since ancient times; in traditional Chinese and Ayurvedic medicine, they are used mainly for the treatment of chronic diseases. The main chemical constituents of frankincense and myrrh are terpenoids and essential oils. Their common pharmacological effects are anti-inflammatory and anticancer. More interestingly, in traditional Chinese medicine, frankincense and myrrh have been combined as drug pairs in the same prescription for thousands of years, and their combination has a better therapeutic effect on diseases than a single drug. After the combination of frankincense and myrrh forms a blend, a series of changes take place in their chemical composition, such as the increase or decrease of the main active ingredients, the disappearance of native chemical components, and the emergence of new chemical components. At the same time, the pharmacological effects of the combination seem magically powerful, such as synergistic anti-inflammation, synergistic anticancer, synergistic analgesic, synergistic antibacterial, synergistic blood-activation, and so on. In this review, we summarize the latest research on the main chemical constituents and pharmacological activities of these two natural resins, along with chemical and pharmacological studies on the combination of the two.

scholarly journals Evolution of volatile compounds from milk to curd during manufacturing of Mozzarella

2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Natrella ◽  
Michele Faccia ◽  
Jose Manuel Lorenzo ◽  
Pasquale De Palo ◽  
Giuseppe Gambacorta
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Volatile Compounds ◽  
Microbial Activity ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Pca Analysis ◽  
Complex Profile ◽  
Active Compounds ◽  
Traditional Natural

The aim of this study was to investigate the evolution of the volatile compounds (VOC) from milk to curd during mozzarella manufacturing, in connection with the technique used for curd acidification (traditional = natural whey starter fermentation; industrial = direct acidification by citric acid addition). Overall, 40 compounds were identified from the entire set of samples, belonging to different chemical classes. All compounds detected in milk were also found in the curd, but at much higher concentration. In addition, many other compounds formed during curd production. By comparison of the samples from the 2 acidification techniques, and analysing the scientific literature to explain the source of the volatile compounds, it was found that microbial activity played a main role in VOC formation. In fact, the curd obtained by natural whey starter fermentation showed the most complex profile, whereas that of the curd obtained by direct acidification was much simpler. The most important odour-active compounds that could contribute to flavour of the curd made by traditional technology were 3-methylbutanal, ethyl acetate and 2,3-butanedione, responsible for ethereal, fruity and buttery odour. For direct acidification they were 3-methylbutanal (at lower level), nonanal and decanal (herbal/fruity odour). The PCA analysis showed clear clusterization of the three types of samples: milks and direct acidified curds were rather close in the bi-plot graph, whereas traditional curds were spread all along the space. The research is currently in progress, for assessing the evolution of the volatile compounds during the next technological steps of mozzarella manufacturing.

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