The subpopulations and isolated cell types of freshly resected high grade human gliomas: Their influence on the tumor's evolutionin vivo and behavior and therapyin vitro

1985 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan R. Shapiro ◽  
William R. Shapiro
Keyword(s):  
Cell Types ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Human Gliomas ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Isolated Cell

Salivary Adenocarcinoma, Not Otherwise Specified: A Collection of Orphans

2004 ◽  
Vol 128 (12) ◽  
pp. 1385-1394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiang Li ◽  
Beverly Yiyao Wang ◽  
Magalie Nelson ◽  
Lei Li ◽  
Yuhua Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Parotid Gland ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Carcinoma Ex Pleomorphic Adenoma ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Not Otherwise Specified ◽  
Architectural Patterns ◽  
Social Security Death Index ◽  
Disease Free

Abstract Context.—Salivary adenocarcinoma, not otherwise specified, refers to gland-forming malignancies that do not satisfy the diagnostic requirements of other “named” malignancies. Objective.—To review the features of 11 patients with salivary adenocarcinoma, not otherwise specified. To also compare the diagnostic frequencies of 2 databases, one from the Mount Sinai Medical Center (New York, NY), the other from the Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital (Shanghai, People's Republic of China). Design.—Pathology files were searched to establish a database of salivary tumors. All available hematoxylin-eosin– stained slides from the resection specimens diagnosed as either adenocarcinoma, not otherwise specified, or with vague or unusual diagnoses (eg, probable carcinoma-ex-pleomorphic adenoma) were pulled from our files and reexamined. Dates of death were confirmed with the Social Security Death Index. Results.—We identified 11 patients with salivary adenocarcinoma, not otherwise specified, ranging in age from 49 to 80 years (median, 67 years), with a male preponderance. The parotid gland was the most common site of tumor origin. Ten of these tumors were high grade, and 1 was intermediate grade. Two patients were diagnosed at stage II, while the remaining patients were diagnosed at stage III or IV. Histologically, all tumors were invasive, with variable glandular differentiation and diverse architectural patterns. The diverse cytologic tumor cell types included cuboidal, columnar, epithelioid, polygonal, oncocytoid, clear, melanoma-like, mucinous, sebaceous, and plasmacytoid. Four patients died after 4 to 27 months (mean, 15 months), 1 patient is alive with disease at 12 months, 1 patient is disease-free at 14 years, and 3 patients remain disease-free after short follow-ups (10, 12, and 12 months). One patient had surgery just recently, and the remaining patient had no follow-up. Conclusions.—Salivary adenocarcinoma, not otherwise specified, is an aggressive, high-grade malignancy, with a predisposition for the parotid gland. It is characterized by cytologic and architectural diversity and an invasive growth pattern.

scholarly journals Soft tissue myoepithelial carcinoma

2006 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 611-614 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zorica Stojsic ◽  
Dimitrije Brasanac ◽  
Dragoljub Bacetic ◽  
Radmila Jankovic ◽  
Neda Drndarevic
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Giant Cells ◽  
Myoepithelial Cells ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Myoepithelial Carcinoma ◽  
Cytologic Atypia ◽  
S 100 ◽  
Myxoid Matrix ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose

Background. Myoepitheliomas are tumors composed predominantly or exclusively of myoepithelial cells, usually arising in salivary glands. Cutaneous/soft tissue localization is very rare, especially for the malignant myoepitheliomas. Case report. We presented a case of myoepithelial carcinoma involving subcutaneous adipose tissue of the left forearm in a woman aged 62 years. The tumor was composed of epithelioid and hyaline cell types, arranged in diffuse sheets, nests and loose clusters within hyalinized and myxoid matrix. The neoplasm displayed high-grade cytologic atypia with some cells having pleomorphic, hyperchromatic nuclei, and others showing vesicular nuclei, large nucleoli with scattered bizarre giant cells. High mean mitotic count of 7 mitoses/10 high power fields and extensive necrosis favored the diagnosis of malignancy. Immunohistochemical staining was positive for cytokeratin (AE1/AE3), epithelial membrane antigen, S-100 protein, glial fibrillary acidic protein, and vimentin. Conclusion. Considering the subcutaneous localization, myoepithelial immunophenotype and high-grade cytologic atypia the neoplasm was classified as a soft-tissue myoepithelial carcinoma.

scholarly journals Expression of FOXP3 in Canine Gliomas: Immunohistochemical Study of Tumor-Infiltrating Regulatory Lymphocytes

2019 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 184-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dolors Pi Castro ◽  
Roberto José-López ◽  
Francisco Fernández Flores ◽  
Rosa M Rabanal Prados ◽  
Maria Teresa Mandara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Cell ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Similar Distribution ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Human Gliomas ◽  
Forkhead Box ◽  
Astrocytic Gliomas ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Regulatory Lymphocytes ◽  
The Brain

Abstract Dogs develop gliomas with similar histopathological features to human gliomas and share with them the limited success of current therapeutic regimens such as surgery and radiation. The tumor microenvironment in gliomas is influenced by immune cell infiltrates. The present study aims to immunohistochemically characterize the tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) population of naturally occurring canine gliomas, focusing on the expression of Forkhead box P3-positive (FOXP3+) regulatory T-cells (Tregs). Forty-three canine gliomas were evaluated immunohistochemically for the presence of CD3+, FOXP3+, and CD20+ TILs. In low-grade gliomas, CD3+ TILs were found exclusively within the tumor tissue. In high-grade gliomas, they were present in significantly higher numbers throughout the tumor and in the brain-tumor junction. CD20+ TILs were rarely found in comparison to CD3+ TILs. FOXP3+ TILs shared a similar distribution with CD3+ TILs. The accumulation of FOXP3+ Tregs within the tumor was more pronounced in astrocytic gliomas than in tumors of oligodendroglial lineage and the difference in expression was significant when comparing low-grade oligodendrogliomas and high-grade astrocytomas. Only high-grade astrocytomas presented FOXP3+ cells with tumoral morphology. In spontaneous canine gliomas, TILs display similar characteristics (density and distribution) as described for human gliomas, supporting the use of the dog as an animal model for translational immunotherapeutic studies.

scholarly journals Both fallopian tube and ovarian surface epithelium are cells-of-origin for high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuang Zhang ◽  
Igor Dolgalev ◽  
Tao Zhang ◽  
Hao Ran ◽  
Douglas A. Levine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Carcinoma ◽  
Fallopian Tube ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Ovarian Surface Epithelium ◽  
Genetically Engineered ◽  
Surface Epithelium ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Cell Of Origin ◽  
Ovarian Surface ◽  
Serous Ovarian Carcinoma

AbstractThe cell-of-origin of high grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC) remains controversial, with fallopian tube epithelium (FTE) and ovarian surface epithelium (OSE) both considered candidates. Here, by using genetically engineered mouse models and organoids, we assessed the tumor-forming properties of FTE and OSE harboring the same oncogenic abnormalities. Combined RB family inactivation and Tp53 mutation in Pax8 + FTE caused Serous Tubal Intraepithelial Carcinoma (STIC), which metastasized rapidly to the ovarian surface. These events were recapitulated by orthotopic injection of mutant FTE organoids. Engineering the same genetic lesions into Lgr5 + OSE or OSE-derived organoids also caused metastatic HGSOC, although with longer latency and lower penetrance. FTE- and OSE-derived tumors had distinct transcriptomes, and comparative transcriptomics and genomics suggest that human HGSOC arises from both cell types. Finally, FTE- and OSE-derived organoids exhibited differential chemosensitivity. Our results comport with a dualistic origin for HGSOC and suggest that the cell-of-origin might influence therapeutic response.

scholarly journals Glucocorticoid receptor action in metabolic and neuronal function

F1000Research ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 1208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Garabedian ◽  
Charles A. Harris ◽  
Freddy Jeanneteau
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Glucocorticoid Receptor ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
External Signals ◽  
The Brain

Glucocorticoids via the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) have effects on a variety of cell types, eliciting important physiological responses via changes in gene expression and signaling. Although decades of research have illuminated the mechanism of how this important steroid receptor controls gene expression using in vitro and cell culture–based approaches, how GR responds to changes in external signals in vivo under normal and pathological conditions remains elusive. The goal of this review is to highlight recent work on GR action in fat cells and liver to affect metabolism in vivo and the role GR ligands and receptor phosphorylation play in calibrating signaling outputs by GR in the brain in health and disease. We also suggest that both the brain and fat tissue communicate to affect physiology and behavior and that understanding this “brain-fat axis” will enable a more complete understanding of metabolic diseases and inform new ways to target them.

The fate of acetyl groups and sugar components during the digestion of grass cell walls in sheep

1977 ◽  
Vol 89 (2) ◽  
pp. 327-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Jane Morris ◽  
J. S. D. Bacon
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Sodium Ethoxide ◽  
Mesophyll Cell ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Cell Wall Preparation ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Isolated Cell

SummaryThe digestibilities of grass cell wall constituents determined in a digestion trial were compared with those obtained by suspending various isolated cell wall preparations in nylon bags in the rumen of a sheep. Particular attention was paid to acetyl groups and to individual sugars, which were determined in both cases by gas liquid chromatography.For dried grass and hay in the digestion trial the cell wall constituents showed digestibilities decreasing in the following order: arabinose, galactose, glucose, xylose, acetyl, lignin.For a leaf cell wall preparation derived from all cell types except mesophyll, the nylon bag technique allowed the same order of digestibilities; rhamnose and uronic acids were also measured and found to be rapidly digested. Mesophyll cell walls placed in nylon bags were more readily digested than non-mesophyll. All the sugars, and also acetyl groups, were digested to the same extent.In a grass cell wall preparation isolated from sheep faeces, tested similarly, xylose and glucose were digested to the same extent, but acetyl groups were less digested.Removal of acetyl groups, using sodium ethoxide, which left the sugar composition and lignin content unchanged, increased the digestibility particularly of the cell walls from faeces.The results are discussed with reference to the relationship between cell wall composition and digestibility.

scholarly journals Spatial and temporal control of expression with light-gated LOV-LexA

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inês MA Ribeiro ◽  
Wolfgang Eßbauer ◽  
Romina Kutlesa ◽  
Alexander Borst
Keyword(s):  
Single Neuron ◽  
Optic Lobe ◽  
Fat Body ◽  
Expression System ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Temporal Control ◽  
Exogenous Genes ◽  
Ability To Drive ◽  
Isolated Cell ◽  
Control Of Expression

The ability to drive expression of exogenous genes in different tissues and cell types, under control of specific enhancers, has catapulted discovery in biology. While many enhancers drive expression broadly, several genetic tricks have been developed to obtain access to isolated cell types. However, studies of topographically organized neuropiles, such as the optic lobe in fruit flies, have raised the need for a system that can access subsets of cells within a single neuron type, a feat currently dependent on stochastic flip-out methods. To access the same subsets of cells consistently across flies, we developed LOV-LexA, a light-gated expression system based on the bacterial LexA transcription factor and the plant-derived LOV photosensitive domain. Expression of LOV-Lex in larval fat body as well as pupal and adult neurons enables spatial and temporal control of expression of transgenes under LexAop sequences with blue light. The LOV-LexA tool thus provides another layer of intersectional genetics, allowing for light-controlled genetic access to the same subsets of cells within an expression pattern across individual flies.

scholarly journals Plasticity of vascular resident mesenchymal stromal cells during vascular remodeling

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. H67-H73
Author(s):  
Xuechong Hong ◽  
Wenduo Gu
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Remodeling ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Vascular Diseases ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Vascular Wall ◽  
Pathological Process ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Different Cell Types ◽  
Stromal Stem Cells

Vascular remodeling is a complex and dynamic pathological process engaging many different cell types that reside within the vasculature. Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) refer to a heterogeneous cell population with the plasticity to differentiate toward multiple mesodermal lineages. Various types of MSC have been identified within the vascular wall that actively contribute to the vascular remodeling process such as atherosclerosis. With the advances of genetic mouse models, recent findings demonstrated the crucial roles of MSCs in the progression of vascular diseases. This review aims to provide an overview on the current knowledge of the characteristics and behavior of vascular resident MSCs under quiescence and remodeling conditions, which may lead to the development of novel therapeutic approaches for cardiovascular diseases.

scholarly journals Convergence Circuit Mapping: Genetic Approaches From Structure to Function

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jang Soo Yook ◽  
Jihyun Kim ◽  
Jinhyun Kim
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescent Proteins ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Genetically Engineered ◽  
Spatiotemporal Resolution ◽  
Genetic Switches ◽  
A Cell ◽  
And Behavior

Understanding the complex neural circuits that underpin brain function and behavior has been a long-standing goal of neuroscience. Yet this is no small feat considering the interconnectedness of neurons and other cell types, both within and across brain regions. In this review, we describe recent advances in mouse molecular genetic engineering that can be used to integrate information on brain activity and structure at regional, cellular, and subcellular levels. The convergence of structural inputs can be mapped throughout the brain in a cell type-specific manner by antero- and retrograde viral systems expressing various fluorescent proteins and genetic switches. Furthermore, neural activity can be manipulated using opto- and chemo-genetic tools to interrogate the functional significance of this input convergence. Monitoring neuronal activity is obtained with precise spatiotemporal resolution using genetically encoded sensors for calcium changes and specific neurotransmitters. Combining these genetically engineered mapping tools is a compelling approach for unraveling the structural and functional brain architecture of complex behaviors and malfunctioned states of neurological disorders.

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