scholarly journals Macrophage gene expression is related to obesity and the metabolic syndrome in human subcutaneous fat as well as in visceral fat

Diabetologia ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 876-887 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Klimcakova ◽  
B. Roussel ◽  
Z. Kovacova ◽  
M. Kovacikova ◽  
M. Siklova-Vitkova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Visceral Fat ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome

scholarly journals MR-Guided Focused Ultrasound Ablation of Visceral Fat: A new treatment for metabolic syndrome

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Dumoulin
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Visceral Fat ◽  
Focused Ultrasound ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Metabolic Risk Factor ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Causative Role ◽  
Metabolic Risk ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome

The goal of this project is to develop a minimally invasive treatment for metabolic syndrome associated with obesity. Metabolic syndrome includes diabetogenic, atherogenic, pro-thrombotic and pro-inflammatory metabolic abnormalities; which often present during childhood. Patients with obesity-induced metabolic syndrome have a high risk of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. The most prevalent form of obesity-associated metabolic syndrome is related to the accumulation of visceral fat, rather than subcutaneous fat or total body fat. Visceral fat and its resident macrophages produce pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g., necrosis factor-alpha, leptin, and interleukin-6) that are implicated in chronic low-grade inflammation which subsequently lead to metabolic syndrome in the obese. Recent animal studies show that loss of visceral fat may generate substantial improvements in the metabolic risk factor profile. This notion has important clinical implications as it recognize visceral adiposity as a therapeutic target for the management of metabolic syndrome in high-risk patients. While lifestyle modifications in the form of caloric restriction, pharmacotherapy and bariatric surgery have all been shown to provide improvement in metabolic risk factors associated with obesity, it is not known if these improvements are maintained over time. Improvement also takes time, (i.e., several months to years) to show beneficial effects. More importantly none of the existing interventions specifically target visceral fat which is thought to play a causative role in the metabolic syndrome. Thus, in this application we will investigate de-bulking of visceral fat by thermal ablation as a treatment option for obesity-induced metabolic syndrome. We hypothesize that HIFU treatment of visceral fat can improve insulin action in obese rats and provide a non-surgical alternative to visceral fat resection. To test this hypothesis, we will design, build, and validate an MR-guided focused ultrasound system for the ablation of visceral fat in a rodent model of metabolic syndrome.

scholarly journals Dietary Intake of Carotenoid-Rich Vegetables Reduces Visceral Adiposity in Obese Japanese men—A Randomized, Double-Blind Trial

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 2342
Author(s):  
Tomohisa Takagi ◽  
Ryotaro Hayashi ◽  
Yuji Nakai ◽  
Shinji Okada ◽  
Rumiko Miyashita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Visceral Fat ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Gene Expression Profiles ◽  
High Body Mass Index ◽  
Controlled Clinical Trial ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Japanese Men ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome

Metabolic syndrome, whose main diagnostic component is obesity, is a risk factor for lifestyle-related diseases, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Diet is known to affect the prevalence of metabolic syndrome. However, the effect of diet on metabolic syndrome in Japanese subjects has not been thoroughly explored. In the present study, we investigated the effect of carotenoid-rich vegetables, particularly lycopene- and lutein-rich vegetables, on the metabolic syndrome in obese Japanese men. We conducted an 8-week long randomized, double-blinded, controlled clinical trial in which, 28 middle-aged (40 ≤ age < 65) Japanese men with high body mass index (BMI ≥ 25) were randomized into four dietary groups: high lycopene + high lutein (HLyHLu), high lycopene + low lutein (HLyLLu), low lycopene + high lutein (LLyHLu), and low lycopene + low lutein (LLyLLu). Our results showed that daily beverage-intake increased the plasma levels of carotenoids without adverse effects, and the visceral fat level was significantly decreased in all the groups. The waist circumference was significantly decreased only in the HLyLLu group, whereas the CoQ10 oxidation rate was decreased in all the groups. The gene expression profiles of whole blood samples before and after ingestion differed only in the LLyLLu group, indicating the effect of carotenoids on gene expression profile. In conclusion, our results suggest that dietary uptake of carotenoid-rich vegetables increases their concentration in blood and reduces the intra-abdominal visceral fat.

Reduced cardiovagal baroreflex gain in visceral obesity: implications for the metabolic syndrome

2002 ◽  
Vol 282 (2) ◽  
pp. H630-H635 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stacy D. Beske ◽  
Guy E. Alvarez ◽  
Tasha P. Ballard ◽  
Kevin P. Davy
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Visceral Fat ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Visceral Obesity ◽  
Abdominal Fat ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Abdominal Visceral Fat ◽  
Total Body

The influence of excess total and abdominal adiposity on cardiovagal baroreflex gain remains unclear. We tested the hypotheses that cardiovagal baroreflex gain would be reduced in men with 1) higher [higher fat (HF), mass >20 kg, n = 11] compared with lower [lower fat (LF), mass <20 kg, n = 10] levels of total body and abdominal fat and 2) higher abdominal visceral fat (HAVF; n = 10) compared with total body weight- and subcutaneous fat-matched peers with lower abdominal visceral fat (LAVF; n = 7) levels. To accomplish this, we measured cardiovagal baroreflex gain (modified Oxford technique), body composition (dual energy X-ray absorptiometry), and abdominal visceral and subcutaneous fat (computed tomography) in sedentary men (age, 18–40 yr; body mass index, <34.9 kg/m2) across a wide range of adiposity. Cardiovagal baroreflex gain was significantly lower in HF compared with LF (14.3 ± 2.8 vs. 21.4 ± 2.8 ms/mmHg, respectively). In addition, cardiovagal baroreflex gain was lower in HAVF compared with LAVF (13.0 ± 2.0 vs. 21.4 ± 3.6 ms/mmHg, P< 0.05). Therefore, the results of the present study indicate that cardiovagal baroreflex gain is reduced in men with elevated total body and abdominal fat mass. The reduced cardiovagal baroreflex gain in these individuals appears to be linked to their higher level of abdominal visceral fat. Importantly, reduced cardiovagal baroreflex gain may contribute to the increased risk of cardiovascular disease observed in men with the metabolic syndrome.

scholarly journals Evaluation of adipose tissue mass with anthropometric and visualization methods; its relation to the components of the metabolic syndrome

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 23-27
Author(s):  
T N Markova ◽  
V A Kichigin ◽  
V N Diomidova ◽  
D S Markov ◽  
O V Petrova
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Visceral Fat ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Tissue Mass ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Adipose Tissue Mass ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Mri Measurements

We performed an estimation of body fat using ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and anthropometry in 60 patients with different types of body weight (BW). Correlation of waist circumference (WC), thickness of subcutaneous fat and visceral fat with components of the metabolic syndrome was studied comparatively between ultrasound and MRI measurements. We noted a preferential increase in the thickness of visceral fat compared with subcutaneous with increasing degree of BW. Significant increase in adipose tissue and the development of metabolic disorders occurs in overweight, making it the state close to obesity. During a routine ultrasound of the abdomen it is advisable to determine the thickness of subcutaneous and visceral fat separately.

scholarly journals Improvement of Cardiac Fibrosis Biomarkers through Inflammation Inhibition by Green Tea and Decaffeinated Light Roasted Green Coffee Extract Combination Administration in Metabolic Syndrome Rat Model

F1000Research ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 1013
Author(s):  
Mifetika Lukitasari ◽  
Mohammad Saifur Rohman ◽  
Dwi Adi Nugroho ◽  
Nila Aisyah Wahyuni ◽  
Mukhamad Nur Kholis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Green Tea ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Cardiac Fibrosis ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Green Coffee ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Tgf Β1

Background: Metabolic syndrome is a significant risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Green tea and green coffee extracts, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agents may participate in metabolic syndrome-induced cardiac fibrosis alleviation. However, the effect of combination of those extracts still needs exploration. Therefore, this study investigated the effect of green tea and decaffeinated light roasted green coffee extracts and their combination in metabolic syndrome-induced cardiac fibrosis rats. Methods: Metabolic syndrome rat model was i1nduced through high-fat high sucrose diets feeding for 8 weeks and injection of low dose streptozotocin at the 2nd week. The metabolic syndrome rats were divided into 4 experimental groups metabolic syndrome rats (MS); metabolic syndrome rats treated with 300 mg/ kg b.w green tea extract (GT); metabolic syndrome rats treated with 200 mg/ kg b.w decaffeinated light roasted green coffee extract (GC); metabolic syndrome rats treated with the combination of the two extracts (CE); and a normal control (NC) group was added. Angiotensin 2 level was analyzed by ELISA method. Gene expression of NF-κB, TNF-α, IL-6, Tgf-β1, Rac-1, and α-sma were analyzed by touchdown polymerase chain reaction methods. Results: Metabolic syndrome rats treated with green tea and decaffeinated light roasted green coffee significantly decreased angiotensin-2 serum level and cardiac inflammation and fibrosis gene expression level (NF-κB, TNF-α, IL-6, Tgf-β1, Rac-1, and α-sma). More significant alleviation was observed in the combination group. Conclusion: This study suggested that combination of green tea and decaffeinated light roasted green coffee extracts showed better improvement in metabolic syndrome-induced cardiac fibrosis rat model compared to that of single extract administration through inflammation inhibition

Visceral Fat: Higher Responsiveness of Fat Mass and Gene Expression to Calorie Restriction than Subcutaneous Fat

2003 ◽  
Vol 228 (10) ◽  
pp. 1118-1123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yin Li ◽  
Hideaki Bujo ◽  
Kazuo Takahashi ◽  
Manabu Shibasaki ◽  
Yanjuan Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Calorie Restriction ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Visceral Fat ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat
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