Use of antidepressants among Finnish family caregivers: a nationwide register-based study

Abstract Purpose The purpose of this study was to compare the use of antidepressants over 6 years between family caregivers providing high-intensity care and a matched control population using register-based data. Methods The study includes all individuals, who received family caregiver’s allowance in Finland in 2012 (n = 29,846 females, mean age 66 years; n = 12,410 males, mean age 71 years) and a control population matched for age, sex, and municipality of residence (n = 59,141 females; n = 24,477 males). Information on purchases of antidepressants, including the number of defined daily doses (DDD) purchased, between 2012 and 2017 was obtained from the national drugs reimbursement register. Results During the follow-up, 28.5% of female caregivers and 23.5% of the female controls used antidepressants, while the numbers for males were 21.1% and 16.4%, respectively. Adjusted for socioeconomic status, female caregivers used 43.7 (95% confidence interval 42.4–45.0) and their controls used 36.2 (35.3–37.2) DDDs of antidepressants per person-year. Male caregivers used 29.6 (27.6–31.6) and their controls used 21.6 (20.2–23.0) DDDs of antidepressants per person-year. Among female caregivers, the relative risk for use of antidepressants was similar (about 1.3) from 20 to 70 years, after which the relative risk declined. In male caregivers, the relative risk was highest (about 1.4–1.5) between 45 and 65 years. Conclusions Family caregivers providing high-intensity care use more antidepressants and hence, are likely to have poorer mental health than the age-matched general population in virtually all age groups. However, the magnitude of the higher use varies as a function of age and gender.

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Direct causes of death in Japanese patients with hypopituitarism as analyzed from a nation-wide autopsy database

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/eje.0.1500149 ◽

2004 ◽

pp. 149-152 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

H Kaji ◽

K Chihara

Keyword(s):

Relative Frequency ◽

Causes Of Death ◽

Matched Control ◽

Heart Diseases ◽

Japanese Patients ◽

Control Population ◽

Term Care ◽

Age And Gender ◽

And Gender ◽

Matched Control Population

OBJECTIVES: The direct causes of death in Japanese patients with hypopituitarism remain unclear. In this study, the direct causes of death were investigated and compared between Japanese patients with hypopituitarism from a nation-wide autopsy database and an age- and gender-matched control population from national reports. SUBJECTS: Three hundred and ninety-one subjects with hypopituitarism who had died were selected from a nation-wide autopsy database (1984-1993). The ratios of each cause of death among the age- and gender-matched control population were derived from national reports. RESULTS: In subjects with hypopituitarism, an increased relative frequency of death from cerebrovascular diseases (male; 2.02 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.45-2.82), female; 1.73 (95% CI 1.18-2.52)) was found. In particular, the relative frequency of death from cerebral hemorrhage was 4.60 (95% CI 2.95-7.17) in male and 4.80 (95% CI 2.90-7.94) in female subjects with hypopituitarism. Unexpectedly, a decreased relative frequency of death from all heart diseases (male; 0.439 (95% CI 0.277-0.696), female; 0.267 (95% CI 0.149-0.478)) was found in subjects with hypopituitarism, although there was no difference between subjects with hypopituitarism and controls in the frequency of death from ischemic heart disease. CONCLUSIONS: These results provide useful information for the long-term care of Japanese patients with hypopituitarism.

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“Rehospitalization Prognostic Factors In Patients with Heart Failure”

International Journal Of Medical Science And Clinical Invention ◽

10.18535/ijmsci/v8i10.01 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (10) ◽

pp. 5676-5682

Author(s):

Helal Ahmed ◽

Mahmud Chowdhury ◽

Lira Saha

Keyword(s):

Heart Failure ◽

Chronic Heart Failure ◽

Cox Regression ◽

Age Groups ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Functional Class ◽

Independent Effect ◽

Leading Role ◽

And Gender

Introduction: The prognosis of chronic heart failure (CHF) is determined by the complex relationship of neurohormonal, mechanical and polyorgan pathological changes emerging in the course and progression of the disease. Objective: To assess the risk and rate of rehospitalisation due to decompensation of chronic heart failure (CHF) in relation to certain biologic, clinical and instrumental characteristics. Material and Methods: This study conducted in the Department of Cardiology, Community Based Medical College & Hospital, Bangladesh. Prospective study on 228 consecutive CHF patients. The follow-up period was 12 to 24 months. The primary endpoint was rehospitalization due to HF decompensation. The risk values were calculated using the Cox regression models. Results: Median survival time was 8 months. The total number of rehospitalizations was 86 (37.7%). Rehospitalization risk values were insignificantly lower in women (HR 0.7, 95% CI 0.4-1.1, р >0.05) and higher in older age groups (HR 1.4 95% CI 0.8-2.2, р>0.05). Univariate regression analysis showed a higher rehospitalization risk in patients with survived myocardial infarction, clinical signs of CHF, high functional class and pulmonary pressure. Multivariate regression analyses revealed the leading role of functional class on rehospitalization risk. Conclusion: rehospitalization rates due to decompensation of CHF are high. Age and gender are insignificant predictors for rehospitalization in our study. Functional class is the prognostic factor with an independent effect on rehospitalization risk over the defined follow-up period among the examined group of patients.

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Evaluation of variation of D-dimer levels in COVID-19 patients to predict the disease outcome in a hospital based study

Anaesthesia, Pain & Intensive Care ◽

10.35975/apic.v24i5.1355 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 24 (5) ◽

Author(s):

Shahtaj Khan ◽

Hamzullah Khan ◽

Saba Khan ◽

Mansoor Akhtar

Keyword(s):

Relative Risk ◽

Survival Rate ◽

Standard Deviation ◽

Age Groups ◽

Female Gender ◽

P Value ◽

The Mean ◽

And Gender ◽

Age Range ◽

D Dimer

Objectives: To determine the variation of d-dimers in COVID-19. To determine the contribution of demographic factors (age and gender) toward an elevated d-dimers values. To determine the probability of surviving in different age groups in COVID-19, with d-dimer > 0.5 µg/ml. Methodology: A total of 193 patients were enrolled from COVID-19 isolation units, Hayatabad medical complex Peshawar, whose d-dimer levels were performed as per instructions of the treating physician and were followed. Relevant information’s were recorded on a pre-designed performa prepared in accordance with the objectives of the study. Results: Out of total 193 patients 152(78.8%) were males and 41(21.2%) females. 94(48.7%) patients were in the age range 35-55 y while 76(39.4%) patients had age more than 55 y. Regarding d-dimer readings, 162(83.9%) had d-dimer levels more than 0.5 µg/ml. The mean with standard deviation of age of the patients was 52 ± 13 y. The mean with standard deviation of d-dimer values of the patients was 4.9 ± 13.3 µg/ml. It was observed that, the relative risk of deranged values of d-dimers was 1.18 (rr = 1.18) in patients with age > 55 y. Similarly in female gender the relative risk of higher values of d-dimers above normal was 1.26 (rr = 1.26) without reaching a statistically significant p-value (p = 0.48). The probability of worse outcome in term of death was 2.06 times more in patients with d dimers > 0.5 µg/ml (OR = 2.06). Furthermore the probability of surviving was 90-100% by age < 50 y, 80% in age range 51-60 y, 45% in age range 61-70 y and 30% at age > 80 y. Conclusion: The deranged d-dimer levels were noted in 84% of the COVID-19 patients. Age > 55 y and female gender are at higher risk of deranged d-dimers and further consequences. Survival rate of patients with deranged d-dimers drops to 30% in patients with age > 80 y, 45% at age < 70 y. Key word: COVID-19, D-dimers, survival rate, prognostic values Anaesth. pain intensive care 2020;24(5): Received: 20 June 2020, Reviewed: 24, 28 June 2020, Accepted: 1 July 2020

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Establishing reference values for the pubofemoral distance in normal infant medial hips by ultrasound

Acta Radiologica ◽

10.1177/0284185120933240 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 028418512093324

Author(s):

Yongguang Ban ◽

Qinhua Luan ◽

Miao Shi ◽

Bo Sun ◽

Tianyou Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Age Groups ◽

Developmental Dysplasia ◽

Pubic Bone ◽

Normal Infant ◽

Male And Female ◽

Type Ia ◽

Hip Reduction ◽

And Gender ◽

Dysplasia Of The Hip

Background Measuring the pubofemoral distance (PFD) is important for evaluating the effectiveness of hip reduction in the treatment of developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH). However, reference PFD values have not been established in normal infants. Purpose To investigate variations in PFD values measured in normal infant medial hips stratified by age, laterality, and gender. Material and Methods A total of 240 infants diagnosed with Graf type Ia and/or Graf type Ib hips by ultrasonography were stratified into eight age groups: 0–1 month; 1–2 months; 2–3 months; 3–4 months; 4–5 months; 5–6 months; 6–7 months; and 7–12 months. The bilateral medial hips were scanned with transinguinal ultrasound. The PFD was defined as the distance between the lateral edge of the superior ramus of pubic bone and the medial edge of the femoral head. Inter-observer reproducibility was assessed. Results Among the 240 infants, there were 371 Graf type Ia hips and 109 Graf type Ib hips. Mean ± SD bilateral PFD values of eight groups were measured separately. There were no significant differences in mean PFD values for left or right hips (t = 0.946, P = 0.345) or mean bilateral PFD values in male and female infants (t = 1.445, P = 0.149). Mean PFD values increased linearly with age (left: r = 0.680, P < 0.0001; right: r = 0.682, P < 0.0001). Inter-observer reproducibility was excellent. Conclusion This study established reference PFD values from the medial hip in infants aged 0–12 months. PFD values increased with age, but were not significantly influenced by laterality or gender. These data provide detailed information that can support follow-up of infants treated for DDH.

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Malignancy in Membranous Nephropathy: Evaluation of Incidence

International Journal of Nephrology ◽

10.1155/2017/8409829 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2017 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Basil Alnasrallah ◽

John F. Collins ◽

L. Jonathan Zwi

Keyword(s):

New Zealand ◽

Relative Risk ◽

Membranous Nephropathy ◽

Matched Control ◽

Age Groups ◽

Inflammatory Cells ◽

Median Number ◽

Standardized Incidence Ratio ◽

Renal Biopsies ◽

Risk Of Malignancy

Background. Membranous nephropathy (MN) can be associated with malignancy. However, the relative risk for malignancy remains unclear. It has been reported that higher numbers of inflammatory cells seen in the glomeruli at biopsy correlate with the occurrence of malignancy in patients with MN and might be used to direct screening. Methods. We examined the occurrence of malignancy in 201 MN patients in Auckland, New Zealand. We also examined the pathology of renal biopsies from 17 MN patients with malignancies and compared the number of inflammatory cells per glomerulus with matched control patients with MN but no malignancy. Results. 40 malignancies were identified in 37 patients, 28 of which occurred after the MN diagnosis. The standardized incidence ratio (SIR) was 2.1 (95% CI, 1.3–2.85) which was similar between patients ≥ 60 years and those <60 years. The median number of inflammatory cells per glomerulus did not differ between MN patients with and without malignancy at 1.86 (IQR, 1.17–2.7) and 2.07 (IQR, 1.17–3.65), respectively (p value 0.56). Conclusions. The relative risk of malignancy in MN patients was similar across different age groups. The number of inflammatory cells per glomerulus did not differentiate between MN patients with and without malignancies.

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Age and Third Molar Extraction as Risk Factors for Temporomandibular Disorder

Journal of Dental Research ◽

10.1177/154405910808700313 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 87 (3) ◽

pp. 283-287 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

G.J. Huang ◽

M.T. Drangsholt ◽

T.C. Rue ◽

D.C. Cruikshank ◽

K.A. Hobson

Keyword(s):

Relative Risk ◽

Temporomandibular Disorder ◽

Age Groups ◽

Third Molar ◽

Kaiser Permanente ◽

Third Molar Extraction ◽

Relative Risks ◽

History Of ◽

And Gender ◽

Molar Extraction

This study investigated third molar removal as a risk factor for temporomandibular disorder (TMD) in all age groups. We compared 2217 Kaiser Permanente Northwest health plan enrollees with a history of third molar extraction with 2217 age-and gender-matched enrollees with radiographic confirmation of no lifetime third molar removal. Common Dental Terminology codes were used to identify information on third molar removal, and International Classification of Disease codes were used to identify TMD. Relative risks were calculated overall, and by each decade of life, in univariate and multivariate analyses. The incidence of TMD in subjects with and without third molar removal were 7 and 5 per thousand person-years, respectively. Third molar removal among subjects of all ages resulted in a statistically insignificant increased relative risk for TMD (1.4, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.9–2.2). The relative risk was slightly higher in those under 21, but was also not statistically significant (1.6, CI: 0.8–3.1).

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MORTALITY AND LOST YEARS OF LIFE AS A RESULT OF CARDIOVASCULAR PREMATURE DEATHS

CARDIOVASCULAR THERAPY AND PREVENTION ◽

10.15829/1728-8800-2014-2-4-11 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 4-11 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

S. A. Boitsov ◽

I. V. Samorodskaya

Keyword(s):

Relative Risk ◽

Russian Federation ◽

Age Groups ◽

Total Mortality ◽

Premature Death ◽

Cardiovascular Death ◽

Regional Variability ◽

Death Risk ◽

Premature Deaths ◽

And Gender

Aim. Disability and Life-Year Loss (DALYs) is an important healthcare indicator. The first step in DALYs estimation is the measurement of lost years of life due to premature death. To explore the age-sex related statistics of cardiovascular (CV) deaths in Russian Federation (RF); lost years of life (LYL) due to premature death; and to compare those in different regions of RF with the parameter by 100 thousands of population.Material and methods. Russan Statistic Agency (RosStat) data on population and mortality by age intervals and gender for the year 2012.For each age interval the values of CVM and LYL were calculated.Results. The relative risk of cardiovascular death is much higher in men than in women at the age 30–62; maximum of additional death risk (by 100 thousands) is in age groups of 60–90 years. The portion of those who died from CVD at <60 y. o. is 30% in men and 8,4% in women; at >80 y. o. — 18,8% and 48,2%, respectively. The portion of CVM from total mortality in 2012 is 55,4%; at the same time LYL proportion from the entire premature deaths was 38% (36% for men and 42% for women). LYL due to premature CD death was 9797 by 100 thousands in RF in general (13211,9 in men and 6854,2 in women with the variety in different regions from 2058 to 10889 in women and from 3350 to 22122 in men, by 100 thousands).Conclusion. Further investigation required to clarify higher risk for men in economically active ages and significant regional variability in LYL.

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Post-chikungunya chronic inflammatory rheumatism: results from a retrospective follow-up study of 283 adult and child cases in La Virginia, Risaralda, Colombia

F1000Research ◽

10.12688/f1000research.8235.1 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 5 ◽

pp. 360 ◽

Cited By ~ 39

Author(s):

Alfonso J. Rodriguez-Morales ◽

Andrés F. Gil-Restrepo ◽

Valeria Ramírez-Jaramillo ◽

Cindy P. Montoya-Arias ◽

Wilmer F. Acevedo-Mendoza ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Latin America ◽

Clinical Symptoms ◽

Morning Stiffness ◽

Age Groups ◽

Medical Attention ◽

La Réunion ◽

Pooled Data ◽

Follow Up Study ◽

And Gender

Objective: There are limited studies in Latin America regarding the chronic consequences of the Chikungunya virus (CHIK), such as post-CHIK chronic inflammatory rheumatism (pCHIK-CIR). We assessed the largest cohort so far of pCHIK-CIR in Latin America, at the municipality of La Virginia, Risaralda, a new endemic area of CHIK in Colombia.Methods: We conducted a cohort retrospective study in Colombia of 283 patients diagnosed with CHIK that persisted with pCHIK-CIR after a minimum of 6 weeks and up to a maximum of 26.1 weeks. pCHIK cases were identified according to validated criteria via telephone.Results: Of the total CHIK-infected subjects, 152 (53.7%) reported persistent rheumatological symptoms (pCHIK-CIR). All of these patients reported joint pains (chronic polyarthralgia, pCHIK-CPA), 49.5% morning stiffness, 40.6% joint edema, and 16.6% joint redness. Of all patients, 19.4% required and attended for care prior to the current study assessment (1.4% consulting rheumatologists). Significant differences in the frequency were observed according to age groups and gender. Patients aged >40 years old required more medical attention (39.5%) than those ≤40 years-old (12.1%) (RR=4.748, 95%CI 2.550-8.840).Conclusions: According to our results, at least half of the patients with CHIK developed chronic rheumatologic sequelae, and from those with pCHIK-CPA, nearly half presented clinical symptoms consistent with inflammatory forms of the disease. These results support previous estimates obtained from pooled data of studies in La Reunion (France) and India and are consistent with the results published previously from other Colombian cohorts in Venadillo (Tolima) and Since (Sucre).

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Investigation of the femoral inclination and Alsberg angles according to age and gender in adults

Anatomy (International Journal of Experimental and Clinical Anatomy) ◽

10.2399/ana.20.827122 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 (3) ◽

pp. 192-197

Author(s):

Seda SERTEL MEYVACI ◽

Yasin Emre KAYA

Keyword(s):

Inclination Angle ◽

Age Groups ◽

Age Group ◽

Age And Gender ◽

Gender And Age ◽

The Mean ◽

The Difference ◽

And Gender ◽

The Right

Objectives: The objective of our study was to examine the changes in the inclination and Alsberg angles of the femur in terms of age and gender. Methods: The present study was conducted on X-Ray images of 208 healthy individuals (103 males and 105 females) admitted to Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, Orthopedics and Traumatology Clinics. Both genders were separated into 3 different age groups. Statistical analyses were made to determine the difference between the gender and age groups. Results: The mean inclination angle of the femur was 132.88±7.08º on the right-side and 130.27±7.81º on the left. The mean Alsberg angle of the femur was 42.07±7.04º on the right-side and 41.43±7.03º on the left. The inclination angle was significantly higher in males than females on both sides and was significantly lower in 41–60 age group. The Alsberg angle was also significantly higher in males than females in 21–40 age group. Conclusion: The Alsberg angle is positively related with inclination angle, and subject to change by age. Knowing how IA and AA will be affected by age and gender and knowing the relation between these two angles will help to take a more accurate approach while evaluating and managing the follow up of a patient undergoing total hip arthroplasty, reconstructive surgery or planning physical theraphy.

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