scholarly journals Detrusor underactivity prevalence and risk factors according to different definitions in women attending urogynecology clinic

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gloria D’Alessandro ◽  
Stefania Palmieri ◽  
Alice Cola ◽  
Marta Barba ◽  
Stefano Manodoro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pelvic Floor ◽  
Pelvic Floor Disorders ◽  
Menopausal Status ◽  
Maximum Flow ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
Detrusor Underactivity ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Student’S T Test

Abstract Introduction and hypothesis There is still no consensus on definitions of detrusor underactivity; therefore, it is difficult to estimate the prevalence. The primary objective of the study was to evaluate the prevalence of detrusor underactivity in a cohort of patients with pelvic floor disorders according to different proposed urodynamics definitions. The secondary objectives were to estimate the association between detrusor underactivity and symptoms, anatomy and urodynamic findings and to build predictive models. Methods Patients who performed urodynamic evaluation for pelvic floor disorders between 2008 and 2016 were retrospectively analyzed. Detrusor underactivity was evaluated according to Schafer’s detrusor factor, Abrams’ bladder contractility index and Jeong cut-offs. The degree of concordance between each method was measured with Cohenʼs kappa, and differences were tested using Student’s t test, Wilcoxon test and Pearson’s chi-squared test. Results The prevalence of detrusor underactivity among a cohort of 2092 women, concerning the three urodynamic definitions, was 33.7%, 37.0% and 4.1%, respectively. Age, menopausal status, voiding/bulging symptoms, anterior and central prolapse, first desire to void and positive postvoid residual were directly related to detrusor underactivity. Conversely, stress urinary incontinence, detrusor pressures during voiding and maximum flow were inversely associated. Final models for detrusor underactivity resulted in poor accuracy for all considered definitions. Conclusions The prevalence of detrusor underactivity varies depending on the definition considered. Although several clinical variables resulted as independent predictors of detrusor underactivity, instrumental evaluation still plays a key role in the diagnosis.

scholarly journals Predictive Factors of Therapeutic Response According to Craniofacial Skeletal Biotype in Patients with Sleep Apnoea Syndrome using Mandibular Advancement Devices: A Pilot Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Ecija Navarro ◽  
Berşan Karadede ◽  
Beyza Karadede Ünal ◽  
Domingo Martin Salvador
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Apnoea ◽  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
Mandibular Advancement ◽  
Facial Growth ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
Respiratory Disturbance ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Mandibular Advancement Devices ◽  
One Way Anova ◽  
Student’S T Test

Abstract Background: In the scientific literature, there is no consistency of results regarding the effectiveness of mandibular advancement devices (MADs) for sleep apnoea treatment. We have considered facial growth as an important predictor of treatment. In this study we analysed that how facial biotype can influence the therapeutic effect of MADs according to polysomnographic records in SAHS patients.Methods: The study enrolled 46 patients with mild to moderate SAHS diagnosed by a polysomnographic test. Using cephalometry, we classified all the patients according their facial biotype (mesofacial, brachyfacial or dolichofacial). Shapiro-Wilk test was used to choose the parametric or non-parametric tests. The quantitative variables were described with the arithmetic mean with its standard deviation or the median with its interquartile range. The hypothesis tests used were Pearson’s chi-squared test, paired sample Student's t test, the Wilcoxon test, one-way ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney U test. A p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: The respiratory disturbance index (RDI) results were: brachyfacial patients had a reduction to 15 events/hour (p < 0.001), the mesofacial patients had a reduction to 14 events/hour (p < 0.001) and the dolichofacial patients did not show a significant reduction in the RDI. The oxygen desaturation index (ODI) results were as follows: brachyfacial patients had a reduction in ODI episodes to 45 episodes/hour (p = 0.001), mesofacial patients had a reduction to 18 episodes/hour (p = 0.001). The dolichofacial patients did not show a reduction in this index. As far as the number of arousals, in the brachyfacial group, the number of awakenings with MAD therapy was reduced to 23 events/hour (p = 0.003), while in the mesofacial group, it was reduced to 37 episodes/hour (p = 0.012). The same behaviour was observed in the dolichofacial group, did not have a reduction in the number of awakenings during sleep after MAD therapy.Conclusions: The facial biotype influences the effectiveness of MAD therapy and is considered a good predictive factor. Dolichofacial patients failed to obtain a significant result in the polysomnographic records using a MAD for sleep apnoea treatment.

scholarly journals ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY FOLLOWING SURGERY FOR HIP FRACTURE

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 128-130
Author(s):  
PHILIP MCKEAG ◽  
ANDREW SPENCE ◽  
BRIAN HANRATTY
Keyword(s):  
Acute Kidney Injury ◽  
Hip Fracture ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Retrospective Comparative Study ◽  
Type Of Surgery ◽  
Preoperative Creatinine ◽  
Student’S T Test

ABSTRACT Objective: An observational study was carried out to determine the rate of acute kidney injury (AKI) following surgery for hip fracture at our institution and to look for factors associated with AKI. Methods: Preoperative creatinine values were compared to post-operative results for all patients who underwent surgery for hip fracture at our institution between 1st January 2015 and 30th September 2016. AKI was defined as an increase in postoperative creatinine, greater than or equal to 1.5 times the preoperative value within 7 days. Chi-squared test and Student’s t-test were used to look for factors associated with AKI. Results: Out of 500 patients, 96 developed an AKI (19.2%). Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) were more likely to develop AKI (30.8%) that those without it (17.2%, p = 0.018). Similarly, patients with 2 or more comorbidities were more likely to develop AKI (22.0%) than those without it (12.4%, p = 0.009). No statistically significant association was observed between type of surgery and AKI. Conclusion: A large proportion of patients following surgery for hip fracture developed AKI. Patients with CKD and the presence of 2 or more comorbidities had significantly higher rates of AKI. Level III evidence, Retrospective comparative study.

21 Invitro maturation of domestic cat oocytes: A comparison of different reproductive stages

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 118
Author(s):  
J. E. Hernández Pichardo ◽  
M. R. Del Moral Reyes ◽  
M. E. Kjelland ◽  
J. L. Rodríguez Suastegui
Keyword(s):  
Oocyte Maturation ◽  
Sodium Lactate ◽  
Domestic Cat ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Veterinary Clinic ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
Art Research ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Student’S T Test

Domestic cat invitro embryo production (IVEP) begins with IVM of oocytes to produce mature oocytes; that is, MII. The domestic cat (Felis catus) has been used as a model to carry out assisted reproductive technology (ART) research for application in wild feline species that may be threatened or endangered. The objective of this research was to evaluate oocyte maturation of domestic cats in different reproductive stages: (1) prepubertal, (2) oestrus, (3) pregnant, and (4) anoestrus. The present study was carried out at the Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Unidad Xochimilco in Mexico City. Unless otherwise stated, all reagents used were from Sigma-Aldrich. The domestic cat ovaries were obtained from a veterinary clinic using salpingo-oophorectomy hysterectomy (OSH). Ovaries were classified as one of the following: (1) prepubertal (female cats under 6 months of age); (2) in oestrus (one or more 2-mm mature follicles); (3) pregnant (presence of fetuses with one or more corpora lutea; and (4) anoestric (ovaries without follicular activity). The ovaries were transported (&lt;2h) in NaCl solution (0.157M) with ampicillin (10 000 IU mL−1), streptomycin (10 000 µg mL−1) and amphotericin (25µg mL−1) to the laboratory. The cumulus–oocyte complexes (COCs) were obtained by ovary microdissection with modified Tyrode’s medium supplemented with sodium lactate (10mM), HEPES (0.50mM) and polyvinyl alcohol (0.01%). COCs were washed twice with TCM-199 medium with Earle’s salts supplemented with bovine serum albumin (BSA, 3mg mL−1), cysteine (0.1mg mL−1), HEPES (1.4mg mL−1), sodium pyruvate (0.25mg mL−1), sodium lactate (0.6mg mL−1), L-glutamine (0.15mg mL−1) and gentamicin (0.055mg mL−1). The wash medium was also used for IVM, but supplemented with human menopausal hormone (Merional® IBSA; 4.5IU mL−1). Oocyte maturation was performed with TCM-199 medium supplemented with BSA, in an atmosphere of 38.5°C, 5% CO2, 95% air, and humidity at saturation for 48h. To evaluate IVM, 300μg mL−1 of hyaluronidase was used to remove the granulosa cells for 5min at 38°C. Next, the oocytes were fixed with paraformaldehyde (4%) for 15 min; washed with a mounting solution (Imacel, invitro); then, 1.5μg mL−1 of 4’,6 diamidino-2-phenylindole dihydrochloride (DAPI) was added. The stained oocytes were evaluated under a microscope (Eclipse E600, Nikon) equipped with a fluorescence lamp and a UV filter (excitation: 330–380nm). The Student’s t-test and the Chi-squared test (χ2) were used for statistical analyses (α=P&lt;0.05). A total of 210 ovaries were obtained from 105 female cats: prepubertal (n=38), oestrus (n=25), pregnant (n=18), and anoestrus (n=24), with a total of 1405 oocytes recovered. The meiotic maturation between the different reproductive stages after 48h of culture was similar in prepubertal (48%), oestrus (46%), pregnant (43%), and anoestrus (45%) groups and did not show a significant difference (P&gt;0.05). This study shows that the domestic cat reproductive stage does not significantly affect the production of mature oocytes for use in ART.

scholarly journals A comparison of match outcomes between traditional medical degree and dual-degree applicants

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. e0244147
Author(s):  
Bryce R. Christensen ◽  
Chad M. Becnel ◽  
Leland P. Chan ◽  
Paul D. Minetos ◽  
John F. Clarke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
Star Database ◽  
Professional Degree ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Dual Degrees ◽  
Dual Degree ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Student’S T Test

Background Dual degrees combining and MD with another professional degree (MPH, MBA, or PhD) are becoming more common in an attempt to increase an applicant’s competitivity for a residency. Objective This study was designed to assess differences in MD-only and dual degree MD applicants with respect to applicant characteristics and match outcomes. Methods Utilizing the voluntarily-reported publicly available 2017–2019 Texas STAR database, we assessed applicants from 115 medical schools. Texas STAR indicates that over this time period, there were 18,224 responses for a response rate of 43.8%. Comparisons were made between groups using student’s t-test and chi-squared analysis. Results Compared to MD only students, MD/MPH applicants had a higher propensity towards primary care specialties. MD/PhD applicants did not differ versus MD only applicants in their selection of primary care specialties, or of competitive specialties. MD/MBA applicants chose more competitive specialties and less primary care specialties. Despite all these differences, match rates were not different comparing MD only and dual-degree students. Conclusions Despite the growing popularity of combined MD programs, such programs do not appear to increase applicant match competitivity.

scholarly journals Assessment protocols for forward masking in Frequency-Following Response

Revista CEFAC ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Denise Costa Menezes ◽  
Silvana Maria Sobral Griz ◽  
Anne Karoline Lima de Araújo ◽  
Leonardo Gleygson Angelo Venâncio ◽  
Karina Paes Advincula ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Forward Masking ◽  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Frequency Following Response ◽  
Normality Test ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Absolute Latency ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Student’S T Test

ABSTRACT Purpose: to investigate forward masking by comparing latencies values of positive and negative peaks in frequency-following responses (FFR) recordings, in normally hearing young adults. Methods: from a database, 20 FFR recordings were selected, 10 being from men, and 10 from women, aged 18 to 25 years, with normal hearing. They were qualitatively analyzed by two experienced researchers and also analyzed, according to two different protocols of recording identification: (i) predominance of positive peaks - PV, A, PW, PX, PY, PZ, and O waves; and (ii) predominance of negative peaks - V, A, C, D, E, F, and O waves. The Shapiro-Wilk normality test, the Wilcoxon test, and the Student’s t-test were conducted, by adopting the significance level of p<0.05. Results: the comparative analysis of latency peak values did not reveal any significant difference between the studied protocols. However, the standard deviation was higher for absolute latency values as compared to negative peaks, suggesting an inverted pattern of what was expected. Conclusion: forward masking was identified in both proposals and the protocol of predominant positive peaks was less variable.

114 Short-term hormonal protocol efficiency either with or without equine chorionic gonadotrophin to promote oestrous synchronization in cyclic dairy goats

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 165
Author(s):  
V. L. Brair ◽  
A. B. P. Andrade ◽  
M. C. C. Morais ◽  
P. S. C. Rangel ◽  
M. E. F. Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Dairy Goats ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Ovulatory Follicle ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Equine Welfare ◽  
Levene Test ◽  
Student’S T Test

The use of equine chorionic gonadotrophin (eCG) in oestrous induction protocols is associated with antibody production against eCG. Moreover, there are important equine welfare issues involved in its production and the development of viable protocols without eCG in dairy goats is essential. The aim of this study was to assess oestrus and ovulatory responses of short-term oestrous synchronization protocol with or without eCG in nulliparous (NUL) and multiparous (MUL) dairy goats during the breeding season. On a random day of oestrous cycle (Day 0), Alpine (n=10 NUL and 10 MUL), Nubian (n=10 NUL and 10 MUL), and Saanen (n=10 NUL and 6 MUL) goats received 30μg of d-cloprostenol intramuscularly (IM) and an intravaginal sponge containing 60mg of medroxyprogesterone acetate, which was maintained for 6 days (Day 6). At 24h before sponge removal (Day 5), goats received IM 200IU of Novormon 5000 (G-eCG) or saline solution (G-Control). NUL and MUL goats of each breed were assigned equally into one of the two treatments. Transrectal ultrasonography was used to assess ovarian parameters, and teaser goats detected oestrus every 12h from sponge removal to ovulation or until 96h after sponge removal. The results are described as mean±s.e.m., and categorical results are presented as percentages. The normal distribution of the residues of all variables was determined by the Shapiro-Wilk test and for homoscedastic by Levene test. To evaluate interaction between treatments and parity order, the general linear model (GLM) was applied. Parametric variables were subjected to Student’s t-test. Nonparametric variables were analysed by Mann–Whitney test, Chi-squared test, and Fisher’s exact test. Values of P&lt;0.05 were considered significant. According to the breed and parity order, Nubian and Saanen goats showed no difference (P&gt;0.05) in reproductive parameters. Alpine goats had a longer (P&lt;0.05) interval from sponge removal to onset of oestrus (SROE) in MUL (61±14.0h) than NUL (38.5±12.7h), longer interval from onset of oestrus to ovulation (IEOV) in NUL (33.5±11.9h) than MUL (19.5±13.4h), and the number of ovulations was greater (P&lt;0.05) in MUL (2.2±0.9) than in NUL (1.3±0.5). In goats either receiving eCG or not, Alpine and Nubian goats had no difference (P&gt;0.05) in SROE, IEOV, interval from sponge removal to ovulation (SROV), percentage of animals that ovulated, diameter of the ovulatory follicle, and number of ovulations. Saanen goats had a higher (P&lt;0.05) percentage of animals that ovulated in G-eCG (87.5%) than G-control (25.0%). Regardless of parity order and breed, SROV was longer (P&lt;0.05) in G-control (73.2±9.8h) than in G-eCG (65.1±10.2h), and the percentage of animals that ovulated was greater (P&lt;0.05) in G-eCG (96.4%) than in G-control (67.9%). In summary, in short-term protocols for oestrous synchronization in cyclic dairy goats, the addition of eCG led to a shorter interval from sponge removal to ovulation and increased number of animals that ovulated. This research was supported by CNPq (310166/2012-8) and Embrapa (20.19.01.004.00.03.001).

Relación entre rendimiento académico, actividad física y consumo de alcohol y tabaco en una población Universitaria

2019 ◽  
pp. 10-16
Author(s):  
Zoila Gómez-Cruz ◽  
Patricia Landeros-Ramírez ◽  
Alfonsina Núñez-Hernández ◽  
Cecilia Jiménez-Plascencia
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Academic Performance ◽  
Tobacco Consumption ◽  
Essential Factor ◽  
University Center ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
The University ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Student’S T Test

The student’s academic performance is an essential factor indicator. There are several factors that could influence on such performance, so the objective of this work was to analyze the relationship between the academic performance and different factors such as physical activity, alcohol and tobacco consumption in students of the University Center of Biological and Agricultural Sciences (CUCBA) of the Universidad de Guadalajara (UdeG). To this aim, 200 both genders students were asked to consent to apply an inquiry: The academic performance was classified into three levels: Excellent / Very Good (90-100), Good (80-89) and Regular / Bad (<80). The academic status was determined and grouped into four categories: graduates, not graduates, active and irregular. The results were analyzed by Mean Test, Standard deviation, Student's t-test and Chi-squared test. 41% of the enrolled subjects were women and 59% men. The results showed that smoking students had a lower academic performance (p <0.05) than non-smokers, however, in the present study it was not found a significant relationship between alcohol consumption or physical activity and academic performance. It is intended to contribute with proposals tending to strengthen healthy lifestyles and to improve the educacional indicators of this university community.

scholarly journals Outcomes of Medically Indicated Preterm Births Differ by Indication

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (08) ◽  
pp. 758-763 ◽  
Author(s):  
Spencer Kuper ◽  
Robin Steele ◽  
Rachel Sievert ◽  
Alan Tita ◽  
Lorie Harper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neonatal Outcome ◽  
Preterm Births ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Primary Indication ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Confounding Variables ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Student’S T Test

Objective We aim to examine whether outcomes of preterm birth (PTB) are further modified by the indication for delivery. Study Design We performed a retrospective cohort study of all singletons delivered at 23 to 34 weeks from 2011 to 2014. Women were classified by their primary indication for delivery: maternal (preeclampsia) or fetal/obstetric (growth restriction, nonreassuring fetal status, and vaginal bleeding). The primary neonatal outcome was a composite of neonatal death, cord pH <7 or base excess < − 12, 5-minute Apgar ≤3, C-reactive protein during resuscitation, culture-proven sepsis, intraventricular hemorrhage, and necrotizing enterocolitis. Secondary outcomes included the individual components of the primary outcome. Groups were compared using Student's t-test and chi-squared tests. Logistic regression was used to adjust for confounding variables. Results Of 528 women, 395 (74.8%) were delivered for maternal and 133 (25.2%) for fetal/obstetric indications. Compared with those delivered for a maternal indication, those with a fetal/obstetric indication for delivery had an increased risk of the composite neonatal outcome (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 1.9, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.13–3.21) and acidemia at birth (AOR: 4.2, 95% CI: 1.89–9.55). Conclusion Preterm infants delivered for fetal/obstetric indications have worsened outcomes compared with those delivered for maternal indications. Additional research is needed to further tailor counseling specific to the indication for delivery.

Commonly used measures and statistical tests.

2021 ◽  
pp. 103-118
Author(s):  
Donald L. J. Quicke ◽  
Buntika A. Butcher ◽  
Rachel A. Kruft Welton
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Tests ◽  
T Test ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Fisher's Exact Test ◽  
Fisher’S Exact Test ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Student’S T Test

Abstract There are a number of statistical tests that are frequently used, even by non-specialists. This chapter will cover tests such as Chi-squared, Fisher's exact test, Mann-Whitney U and several variations of the Student's t-test, amongst others.

scholarly journals Tourist traffic in the Forest Arboretum of Warmia and Mazury in Kudypy

2020 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Adriana Auguścik
Keyword(s):  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Specific Time ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
Adults And Children ◽  
Time Of Year ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Health And Well Being ◽  
Forest District ◽  
Student’S T Test

AbstractOne possible way to improve the health and well-being of people, especially those living in large urban agglomerations, is to provide the opportunity to spend time in the forest, which helps rest and regeneration by enabling contact with nature. Forest areas managed by the State Forests are therefore publicly available to tourists for recreational and educational purposes. A good example illustrating the scope of access to the forest and its resources, and at the same time indicative of the degree of interest in forest tourism, is the Polish Forest Society’s Forest Arboretum of Warmia and Mazury, run by the Kudypy Forest District in the Regional Directorate State Forests in Olsztyn.The purpose of this work was to study the attendance of people visiting the Arboretum in 2014-2018 taking the variability of interest in visiting the Arboretum depending on the season of the year and the age of tourists (adults vs. children) into account. In overall, children were observed to visit the Arboretum more often than adults, while the largest number of organized groups visited the Arboretum in 2014. The most popular month among both, children and adults, was May. Using a Student’s t-test, Pearson’s Chi-squared test and Cramer’s coefficient a significant relationship between adults and children visiting the Arboretum and the seasons was identified. Significant differences between the average number of visitors to the Arboretum among children and adults at a specific time of year was also observed.

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